大腦結(jié)構(gòu)解剖圖PPT課件

1、2021/3/91The Telencephalon山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院解剖教研室山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院解剖教研室李振華李振華2021/3/92External featurenThe telencephalon consists of right and left cerebral hemisphere, partially separated by cerebral longitudinal fissure.nThe cerebral transverse fissure intervenes between the hemispheres and the cerebellumnEach hemisph

2、ere has three surfaces: superolateral, medial and inferior2021/3/93Three principal sulci nCentral sulcus 中央溝中央溝nLateral sulcus 外側(cè)溝外側(cè)溝nParietooccipital sulcus 頂枕溝頂枕溝Central sulcusLateral sulcusParietooccipital sulcus2021/3/94 Five lobes nFrontal lobe 額葉nParietal lobe 頂葉nTemporal lobe 顳葉nOccipital lob

3、e 枕葉nInsular lobe 島葉Frontal lobeParietal lobeOccipital lobeTemporal lobeInsular lobe2021/3/95Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surfaceFrontal lobe: nPrecentral sulcus 中央前溝nSuperior frontal sulcus 額上溝nInferior frontal sulcus 額下溝nPrecentral gyrus 中央前回nSuperior frontal gyrus 額上回nMiddle frontal gyrus 額中回n

4、Inferior frontal gyrus 額下回2021/3/96Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surfacePrecentral sulcus Precentral gyrus Superior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus Superior,middleand inferioe frontal gyri 2021/3/97Parietal lobe: nPostcentral sulcus 中央后溝 nPostcentral gyrus中央后回 nIntraparietal sulcus 頂內(nèi)溝 nSup

5、erior parietal lobule 頂上小葉 nInferior parietal lobule 頂下小葉 nSupramarginal gyrus 緣上回 nAngular gyrus 角回2021/3/98Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface Postcentral sulcus Postcentral gyrus Superior parietal lobule Supramarginal gyrus Angular gyrus Intraparietal sulcus2021/3/99Temporal lobe: nSuperior t

6、emporal sulcus 顳上溝nInferior temporal sulcus 顳下溝nSuperior temporal gyrus 顳上回 nMiddle temporal gyrus 顳中回 n Inferior temporal gyrus 顳下回 nTransverse temporal gyri 顳橫回2021/3/910Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface Superior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal sulcus Superior temporal gyrus Middle tempora

7、l gyrus Inferior temporal gyrus 2021/3/911Transverse temporal gyri 2021/3/912Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surfacePrecentral sulcus Precentral gyrus Superior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus Superior,middleand inferioe frontal gyri Postcentral sulcus Postcentral gyrus Superior parietal lobul

8、e Supramarginal gyrus Angular gyrus Superior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal sulcus Superior temporal gyrus Middle temporal gyrus Inferior temporal gyrus 2021/3/913Sulci and gyri of medial surfacenCorpus callosum 胼胝體 nCallosal sulcus 胼胝體溝 nCingulate sulcus 扣帶溝nCingulate gyrus扣帶回 nMarginal ramus 緣支

9、nParacentral lobule 中央旁小葉中央旁小葉nCalcarine sulcus 距狀溝距狀溝 nCuneus 楔葉 nLingual gyrus 舌回2021/3/914Sulci and gyri of medial surfaceCorpus callosum Callosal sulcus cingulate gyrus Cingulate sulcus Marginal ramus Paracentral lobule Calcarine sulcus CuneusParietooccipital sulcusLingual gyrus2021/3/915Sulci a

10、nd gyri of inferior surfacenOlfactory bulb 嗅球嗅球 nOlfactory tract 嗅束嗅束 nOlfactory trigone 嗅三角嗅三角 nAnterior perforated substance 前穿質(zhì)前穿質(zhì) nCollateral sulcus 側(cè)副溝側(cè)副溝 nOccipitotemporal sulcus 枕顳溝枕顳溝 nMedial occipitotemporal gyrus 枕顳內(nèi)側(cè)回枕顳內(nèi)側(cè)回 nLateral occipitotemporal gyrus 枕顳外側(cè)回枕顳外側(cè)回 nHippocampal sulcus 海馬溝

11、海馬溝 nParahippocampal gyrus 海馬旁回海馬旁回 nUncus 鉤鉤 nHippocampus 海馬海馬 nDentate gyrus 齒狀回齒狀回 Hippocampal formation 海馬結(jié)構(gòu)海馬結(jié)構(gòu)2021/3/916Inferior surfaceOlfactory bulb Olfactory tract Olfactory trigone Anterior perforated substance Collateral sulcus Occipitotemporal sulcusMedial and lateraloccipitotemporal gyr

12、i Parahippocampal gyrus Uncus 2021/3/917HippocampusDentate gyrus Hippocampal formation 2021/3/918Histology of the cerebral cortexnArchicortex 原皮質(zhì)原皮質(zhì) (hippocampal formation 海馬結(jié)構(gòu)) nPaleocortex 古皮質(zhì)古皮質(zhì) (rhinencephalon 嗅腦) nNeocortex 新皮質(zhì)新皮質(zhì) (most of cerebral cortex)3 cell layers6 cell layers2021/3/919202

13、1/3/920Functional location of cerebral cortex2021/3/921First somatic motor area 第一軀體運(yùn)動區(qū)第一軀體運(yùn)動區(qū)Position: located in precentral gyrus and anterior portion of paracentral lobule2021/3/922First somatic motor area第一軀體運(yùn)動區(qū)第一軀體運(yùn)動區(qū)Characters nRepresentation is inverted, but head and face are uprightnA body p

14、art is represented by a cortical area proportional to its use rather than its size nReceiving fibers from postcentral gyrus, VA, VL and VPL, sending out fibers to form pyramidal tract, controlling voluntary movements 2021/3/923First somatic sensory area第一軀體感覺區(qū)第一軀體感覺區(qū)Positionlies in postcentral gyrus

15、 and posterior portion of paracentral lobule2021/3/924First somatic sensory area第一軀體感覺區(qū)第一軀體感覺區(qū)Characters nSensory representation, like motor area, is crossed and invertednReceiving and interpret sensation from opposite side of body2021/3/925Auditory area 聽區(qū)聽區(qū)nLocated in transverse temporal gyrinRece

16、ive auditory information from both ears2021/3/926Visual area 視區(qū)視區(qū)nLie on either side of calcarine sulcus in medial surface of occipital lobe nVisual cortex of one hemisphere receives impression from temporal part of retina of same side and nasal part of opposite sidenLesions of visual cortex produce

17、 contralateral homonymous visual field defections 2021/3/927nVestibular area平衡覺區(qū)平衡覺區(qū): located in front of superior temporal gyrus nOlfactory area 嗅覺區(qū)嗅覺區(qū): located near the uncusnTaste area 味覺區(qū)味覺區(qū): located at frontal operculum2021/3/928Language area 語言中樞語言中樞It is dominant in left hemisphere in right-h

18、anded personnMotor speech area 運(yùn)動性語言中樞運(yùn)動性語言中樞qLocated in posterior portion of inferior frontal gyrusqDamage: motor aphasianWriting area 書寫中樞書寫中樞qLocated in posterior portion of middle frontal gyrusqDamage: agraphianAuditory speech area 聽覺性語言中樞聽覺性語言中樞qLocated in posterior portion of superior temporal

19、 gyrus qLesion: sensory aphasianVisual speech area 視覺性語言中樞視覺性語言中樞qLocated in angular gyrusqLesion: alexia2021/3/929Lateral ventricle 側(cè)腦室側(cè)腦室nPosition: located in cerebral hemispheresnFour partsq Central part: lies in parietal lobeq Anterior horn: extends into frontal lobeq Posterior horn extend into

20、occipital lobeq Inferior horn: extend into temporal lobeInternal structures2021/3/930nCommunicationlateral ventricle interventricular foramen third ventricle2021/3/931Basal nuclei 基底核基底核nCorpus striatum 紋狀體紋狀體qLentiform nucleus 豆?fàn)詈硕範(fàn)詈?qCaudate nucleus 尾狀核尾狀核nClaustrum 屏狀核屏狀核nAmygdaloid body 杏仁體杏仁體Gl

21、obus pallidus 蒼白球蒼白球putamen 殼殼Neostriatum 新紋狀體新紋狀體 paleostriatum 舊紋狀體舊紋狀體2021/3/9322021/3/933White matterAssociation fibers 聯(lián)絡(luò)纖維聯(lián)絡(luò)纖維 Run between gyri within the same hemispherenCerebral arcuate fibers 大腦弓狀纖維nSuperior longitudinal fasciculi 上縱束nInferior longitudinal fasciculi 下縱束nUncinate fasciculus

22、鉤束nCingulum 扣帶2021/3/934Commissural fibers 連合纖維連合纖維 run between left and right hemisphere nCorpus callosum胼胝體胼胝體: rostrum, genu, trunk, spleniumnAnterior commissure 前連合前連合nFornix and commissure of fornix 穹隆和穹隆連合穹隆和穹隆連合2021/3/935Projection fibers投射纖維投射纖維: connect cortex with lower part of brain and s

23、pinal cord and they include both ascending and descending fibers Internal capsulenPosition: a thick lamina of white matter lying between caudate nucleus, thalamus and lentiform nucleus2021/3/9362021/3/937Three partsnAnterior limb of internal capsule 內(nèi)囊前肢內(nèi)囊前肢qLies between caudate nucleus and lentifor

24、m nucleusqContaining frontopontine tract and anterior thalamic radiationnGenu of internal capsule 內(nèi)囊膝內(nèi)囊膝qIs angle at which anterior and posterior limbs meetqContaining corticonuclear tractnPosterior limb of internal capsule 內(nèi)囊后肢內(nèi)囊后肢qLies between thalamus and lentiform nucleusqContain corticospinal tract, corticorubral tract, central thalamic radiation, parieto-occipito-temporo-pontine tract, acoustic radiation and optic radiation2021/