直接引語變間接引語口訣詳解

1、直接引語變間接引語 以及if條件句口訣人稱，時態(tài)，狀語始終變一主二賓三不變時態(tài)向后退一格狀語變化見表格陳述that 可省略一般疑問用if(whether)特殊疑問去助動以上語序為陳述祈使句選動詞（tell,ask,order，beg）將它改為不定式詳解人稱變化一主She said. "My brother wants to go with me tomorrw. "She said her brother wanted to go with her the next day.二賓Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack to

2、ld me that I looked worried that day.三不變 The teacher asked,”Has she read enough this week?” The teacher asked if she had read enough that week.陳述that 可省略She said. "I have a pen."She said that she had a pen.She asked me , “ what is it?” She asked me what it was.一般疑問用if(whether)She asked me

3、, “Do you like watching TV? ” She asked me whether I liked w watching TV.特殊疑問去助動They asked: “ where do you come from?” They asked where you came from.附表：時間狀語、地點狀語、指示代詞和動詞的變化： 直接引語間接引語時間狀語nowtodaytonighttomorrowyesterdaythis week(month, year)last week(month, year)next week(month, year)three days(mont

4、hs years)agothenthat daythat nightthe next daythe day beforethat week(month, year)the week(month, year)beforethe next week(month, year)three days(months years)before地點狀語herethere指示代詞thisthesethatthose動詞comebringgotake強化訓(xùn)練Exercise one ( )1 He often says,” I shall tell you about them.” He often tells

5、me that _ will tell_ about_.A.I; you; them B.he;me; them; C.he; you; us D. I; me; you ( )2Im not sure _.A what is his name. B)what his name is. C) his name is what D)whats his name ( )3 I asked him how much_.A does his new car cost B)did his new car costC) his new car costed D)his new car cost ( )4)

6、I dont know _.A where does he live B)where did he live C) where he lives D)he lives where( )5)I didnt know_.A what she said B)what did she sayC) what she spoke D)what was she speaking( )6)I dont know_.A when he will come back B)when will he come backC)when does he come back D)when did he come back(

7、)7)Could you tell me where _ now?A)you are living B) do you live C)you live D)did you live( )8)He didnt know _he should go or not.A)if B) weather C)that D)whetherExercise two 不同句式練習(xí)陳述句1)She says,”I am a teacher.”She says 2)She said,”I am a teacher.”She said 一般疑問句1)“Are you from Japan?”he says to me.

8、 He ( ) me 2)“Are you from Japan?”he said to me. He ( ) me 特殊疑問句3)“When does the train arrive?” Please tell me. Please tell me 4)“When does the train arrive?” Please told me. Please told me 祈使句/請求1)“Dont make any noise.”Mother says to Tom.Mother ( ) Tom 2)“open the window.” Mr Li said to me. Mr Li (

9、 ) me 3)“Would you like to show me your book?” Kate says to me. Kate ( ) me Exercise three 把直接引語變成間接引語(陳述句)一般現(xiàn)在時1)“We go to school on Saturday.”They say 2)“I want to give your sister a Christmas card.” Kelly says 3)“I will visit my daughter in March.”He says 4)She says, “Im glad to meet you.” She te

10、lls us 把直接引語變成間接引語(陳述句)一般過去時5)“I am a teacher.” He said 6)“We are at the coffee shop.” They said 7)“I dont have any books about animals.” Rik told Annie 8)“The earth goes round the sun.” The teacher said Exercise four把直接引語變成間接引語(一般疑問句)一般現(xiàn)在時1)I really dont know.“Did they go to the park yesterday?” I

11、really dont know 2)The principal wants to know.“Do the students study hard?” The principal wants to know 把直接引語變成間接引語(一般疑問句)一般過去時3)They wondered.“Shall we buy some food for picnic?” They wondered 4)“Is your mother a doctor or not?” Lucy asked me. Lucy asked me Exercise five把直接引語變成間接引語(特殊疑問句)一般現(xiàn)在時1)Ja

12、ck wants to know.“Where does your cousin live?”Jack wants to know 2)Do you know. “Whose book is it?” Do you know 直接引語變成間接引語(特殊疑問句)一般過去時3)“What do you want?” Sally asked me. Sally asked me 4)“How much sugar shall we put in a cake?” She knew. She knew Exercise six把下列句子改成間接引語方法:首先區(qū)別句子,然后決定引導(dǎo)詞/語序/時態(tài)/人稱1

13、)Dont drink too much.The doctor said to me. 2)We go to school on Saturday. They said. 3)How can I get to the park? Can you tell me. 4)Is your mother a worker? She asked me. 5)Does Mary study hard? He wants to know. 6)Please open the window. The teacher said to Tom. 7)Ice gets into water when its ove

14、r zero. I learned. 8)What time did he get up? Please tell us. 9)Do you go to school on foot? I said to Mike. 10)Will you go shopping with me? Miss Li asked me. 11.The teacher said to his class, "Don't waste your time!" 12.She said to her son, "Don't forget to turn off the ligh

15、t when you leave the room!" 13.His father said to him, "Think, before you do it!" 14.The teacher said to his students, "Tell briefly in your own words how penicillin was discovered." 15.The leader said to him, "Please write your report as short as possible." 16.He

16、said to me, "Let me have a look at the book you bought." 17.He said, "I am proud of my motherland." 18.John said, "I wrote back telling him about it yesterday." 19.I said, "I will give her some advice tomorrow." 20."You are wasting your time day-dreaming!

17、" he said to Mary. 21."You have already done your duty," he said to her. 22.Mary wrote in her letter, "Mr. Liu, when will you come to America?" 23."Don't risk your lives, men!" the captain warned. 24."I'll be very busy today," said the man. 25.She

18、 said, "We have worked on the school farm for two weeks." 26.He said, "I'm reviewing my lessons." 27.They said, "We arrived this morning." 28.She said to me, "Have lunch with us."11 The teacher told his class not to waste their time. 12 She told her son no

19、t to forget to turn off the light when he leaves the room 13 His father told him to think before he does it. 14 The teacher told his his students to tell briefly in their own words how penicillin had been discoverd . 15 The leader told him to write his report as short as possible. 16 He told me to l

20、et him have a look at the book I had bought. 17 He said that he was proud of his motherland 18 John said that he had written back telling him about it the day before. 19 I said that I would give her some advice the next day. 20 He told Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming 21 He told her t

21、hat she had already done her duty 22 Mary wrote in her letter that when Mr.Liu would come to America 23 The captain warned not to risk your lives. 24 The man said that he would be very busy the day 25 She said that they had worked on the school farm for two weeks 26 He said that he was reviewing his

22、 lessons 27 They said that they had arrived that morning 28 She told me to have lunch with them1直接引語是陳述句時，若變成間接引語，結(jié)構(gòu)上是將原先的單獨一個句子變成一個賓語從句?！纠纭縃e said，“I can speak English”這句話變成間接引語則是：He said that he could speak English原先的單獨一句I can speak English變成了that he could speak English作said的賓語了2祈使句去掉主語，動詞用原型【例如】

23、You can't stay in this room.Don't stay in this room 3以疑問詞who，what，when，which，why，where，whose，how等引導(dǎo)的問句都叫特殊疑問句【例如】she is playing football改為what does she do？這個范圍很廣的，改為一般疑問句則是一般把she和is顛倒位置，I can之類的也改can I【例如】Is she playing football 總之，這些句式變化很多，很難在一下子學(xué)會，需要自己悟出道理啊 回答者： crazycenter | 三級 | 2009-7-7

24、 23:49 這個我無法用語言表述，你舉點例子或者我可以幫你。其實我覺得你這樣記本來就不是辦法，你應(yīng)該結(jié)合語感，然后稍微記住規(guī)律就好。畢竟語言最重要的是表述，而不僅僅是那框條的語法。 回答者： 點都見空 | 三級 | 2009-7-7 23:51 拉丁語語法名詞，又叫間接引述，英文為 indirect statement。指用在表述意見的動詞 perception 之后的一種從句，這種從句并非由主語直接敘述出來，而是通過第三人轉(zhuǎn)述的。實際上間接引語大都是賓語從句，當(dāng)直接引語為祈使句，陳述句，疑問句被轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，人稱，時態(tài)，時間，時間狀語和地點狀語等都要發(fā)生改變。如：他們說：“

25、皇帝死后將成為神?！?直接引語 Dixere:"Augustus post mortem deum factus erit."他們說，那個皇帝死后將成為神。間接引語 Dixere Augustum post mortem deum faciendum esse.間接引語中，引語的主語要使用賓格，動詞要使用不定式，不定式的時態(tài)取決于引語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句動詞時間的先后性，不定式的性、數(shù)取決于間接引語的主語（如前所述，只用賓格）。如：Consules sentiunt servos non esse liberandos. 執(zhí)政官們認為奴隸們不該被釋放。主句動詞是認為：sen

26、tiunt ，時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時。間接引語中的動詞是不定式 liberandos esse，是將來時，因為“被釋放”的動作是發(fā)生在主句動詞“認為”之后的。liberandos 的性（陽性）、數(shù)（復(fù)數(shù)）與間接引語的主語servos 保持一致。Fama erat patrem meum interfectum esse; fratrem autem etiam vivere. 曾有消息說，我的父親遭殺害；而我的一個兄弟仍活著。這里有兩句間接引語。前面一句的動詞是 interfectum esse，是不定式的完成時，表示“被殺害”的動作是發(fā)生在fama erat 消息到來之前的；后一句的動詞是 viver

27、e， 是不定式的現(xiàn)在時，表示“活著”這個動作與消息到來同步。思路分析如下解題過程直接引語和間接引語詳解 引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語”。直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號“ “標(biāo)出，叫做直接引語；用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不需要引號這叫做間接引語，實際上間接引語大都是賓語從句（其中由祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換的間接引語除外，其轉(zhuǎn)換后是不定式）。那么直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，人稱、時態(tài)、時間狀語和地點狀語等都要有變化，如何變化呢? 1、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變 1）直接引語中的第一人稱，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱，如： He said，“I am very sorry.” >H

28、e said that he was very sorry. 2）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人說的，轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.> My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱。如： She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” > Sh

29、e said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 4）人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” > He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 總之，人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的，

30、具體情況，具體對待，要符合邏輯。 2、時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換 直接引語改為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài)（實際也是賓語從句的時態(tài)要求），變化如下： 直接引語 間接引語 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 一般過去時 過去完成時 現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時過去完成時 過去完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 過去進行時 過去進行時 一般將來時 過去將來時 例如： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. > She said she was very glad to visi

31、t our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” > Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” > Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall

32、 I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” > He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. > The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” >

33、; Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” > Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” > He said that he had

34、n't heard from his parents those days. 3、直接引語變成間接引語時，從句時態(tài)無須改變的情況 1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時的時候，如： He always says, “I am tired out.” >He always says that he is tired out. 2）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是將來時的時候，如： He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” >He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3）當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有具體的

35、過去時間狀語時，如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” >He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4）當(dāng)直接引語中有以when, while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過去的時間時，如： He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” > He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5）當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理或自

36、然現(xiàn)象時，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” > Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 6）當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時，如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.” >He said that practice makes perfect. 7）當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought

37、 to, used to, need時，如： 例如： The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” > The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water. He said, “She must be a teacher.”> He said that she must be a teacher. He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”> He said that she ough

38、t to have arrived her office by then. The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”> The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions. She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”> She asked if she had to take the medicine. 注：此處用ha

39、d to代替must更好 8）此外轉(zhuǎn)述中的變化要因?qū)嶋H情況而定，不能機械照搬，如果當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there, 動詞come不必改為go，如果當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改變。如： Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon. Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor? Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon. 4、時間狀語、地點狀語及某些對比性

40、的指示代詞和動詞變化 1）時間狀語： 直接引語 間接引語 直接引語 間接引語 now （then）； tomorrow （the next / following day ）today (that day）； next week （the next / following week / month / year） yesterday（the day before） two days ago（ two days before ）last week /month/ year (the week/month/ year before) this week/month/year (that week/

41、month/ year) 2）指示代詞：these 變成those 3）地點狀語：here變成there She said, “I won't come here any more.”> She said that she wouldnt go there any more. 4）動詞：come變成go，bring變成take 5、直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化 1）陳述句。用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直用接引語中的said, 也可用told來代替，注意，可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. tha

42、t，不可直接說told that, 如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” >He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”> He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可說told that） 此外主句中的謂語還常有： repeat, whisper, answer, reply

43、, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如： He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”> He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic. 如果間接引語是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個或兩個以上的并列從句，第一個連詞可以省略，以后的連詞一般不省略，以免混亂。 The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”> The do

44、ctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon. 2）直接引語為一般疑問句，（也稱是否疑問句，）間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked（me/him/us等），語序是陳述句的語序，這一點非常重要。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”> He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He s

45、aid, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”> He asked whether I was interested in English. 3） 直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用whetheror表達，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror. 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”> He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”>

46、; I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 4）直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語時，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask（sb.）來表達，語序改為陳述句語序。如： He asked，“What's your name?”> He asked（me）what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”> He asked us how many car factorie

47、s had been built in our country. 5）直接引語為祈使句時，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達，謂語動詞常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句變成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變），并且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。如： He said，“Be seated, please.”> He asked us to be seated. “Do be careful with your handwriting.” He

48、said. > He told me to be careful with my handwriting. “Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. > The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again. “Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. > The teacher warned the students not to touch any

49、thing in the lab without permission. 6）有些含有“建議”>、“勸告”>的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等動詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如： He said, “Let's have a rest.”> He suggested our having a rest. He said, “Let me help you.”> He offered to help me. 7）當(dāng)直接引語形式上是疑問句，有表示請求，建議意義時，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to

50、do sth. 等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。如： “Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. >He asked me to open the door. “Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. > He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk. 8）直接引語是感嘆句時，變間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)，如： She said, “What a lovely day it is!”>

51、; She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.嵌套間接引語的從句：如果間接引語當(dāng)中還鑲嵌有另一句從句，則被稱為嵌套間接引語的從句，英文叫：the subordinate clause in indirect statement。這時，這樣的從句要使用虛擬語氣。從句動詞的時態(tài)與主句動詞的時態(tài)相關(guān)聯(lián)。如：Dux dicebat militem qui fugisset poenas daturum esse. 統(tǒng)帥曾常說，那個逃跑的士兵將要受到懲罰。qui fugisset逃跑 是一句關(guān)系從句，修飾m

52、ilitem “士兵”，由于處在dicebat 說后面的間接引語當(dāng)中，因此需使用虛擬語氣。間接引語的動詞是不定式 daturum esse將受到，為將來時，因為動作發(fā)生在主句動詞“說”之后，而 fugisset 逃跑為虛擬語氣的過去完成時，表示在統(tǒng)帥“說話”之前已經(jīng)逃走了。 如何把直接引語變間接引語“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如： She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "She said her brother wanted to g

53、o with her. “二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如： Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"Mr Smith said Jack was a g