英語祈使句詳解

1、英語祈使句詳解1. 祈使句的概念表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、祝愿、邀請(qǐng)或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的動(dòng)詞總是用原形，不能用其他形式。如：Shut the door! 把門關(guān)上!Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧!Let them go by train. 叫他們坐火車去吧。祈使句的主語通常為第二人稱(you)，但一般都被省略，只有在特殊的情況下才把主語(you)補(bǔ)充出來。如：You be quiet! 你安靜! You go and tell him, Chris. 克立斯，你去告訴他。You wait here for a moment. 你在這兒等一會(huì)兒。有時(shí)祈使句的

2、主語也可以是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代詞。如：Stand up, everybody! 全體起立!Nobody move. 任何人都不許動(dòng)。2. 祈使句表示強(qiáng)調(diào)為了加強(qiáng)祈使句的語氣，我們通常是在祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形前加上助動(dòng)詞do，此時(shí)通常譯為“一定”“務(wù)必”等。如：Do be careful. 務(wù)必要小心。Do have some more tea. 一定再喝點(diǎn)茶。Do let me go. 一定讓我去。副詞never和always有時(shí)可用于祈使句句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：Never do that again. 再不要這樣做了。Always lo

3、ok in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光鏡再開車。3. 祈使句的否定式構(gòu)成祈使句否定式的方法很簡(jiǎn)單，那就是在動(dòng)詞原形前加dont不管祈使句所用的動(dòng)詞為什么性質(zhì)動(dòng)詞，情況都是一樣。如：Open the window. 把窗戶打開。Dont open the window. 別把窗戶打開。Come next Monday. 下周星期一來。Dont come next Monday. 下周星期一別來。對(duì)于以let us或lets開頭的祈使句，其否定式通常是在不定式之前放一個(gè)not。如：Lets tell him the truth. 我們

4、把實(shí)情告訴他吧。Lets not tell him the truth. 我們不要把實(shí)情告訴他。但在日?？谡Z中，我們也可以把dont放在lets之前。如：Lets dont tell him the truth. 我們不要把實(shí)情告訴他)4. 祈使句與連用please為了使祈使句的語氣變得委婉，我們可以在祈使句的句首或句末加上please若加在句首，其后不用逗號(hào)；若加在句末，則通常會(huì)在please前加一個(gè)逗號(hào)。如：Step this way, please. 請(qǐng)這邊走。Please type your letter. 請(qǐng)把你的信打出來。Open the window, please. 請(qǐng)把窗戶打

5、開。如果是否定祈使句，則通常將please加在dont之前。如：Please dont get angry. 請(qǐng)不要生氣。Please dont telephone before 8 a. m. 早8點(diǎn)以前請(qǐng)不要打電話。5. 祈使句的時(shí)間概念祈使句所表示的時(shí)間總是指將來，所以與它連用的句子原則上要用將來時(shí)態(tài)來與它呼應(yīng)。如：Give me a hand, will you? 幫我一個(gè)忙，好嗎?由于give me a hand表示隱含將來意義，所以句中的will you 不能改為do you。Try again and you will succeed. 你再試就會(huì)成功。由于句中的try agai

6、n隱含將來意義，所以句中用了you will succeed，而不是you succeed。Dont do that again or youll be in trouble. 別再干那個(gè)了，否則你會(huì)有麻煩。句中的dont do that again指的是以后不要再干那事了，由于隱含有將來意義，所所以句中用了youll be in trouble，而沒有用you are in trouble。6. 祈使句的省略一般說來，祈使句總是要以動(dòng)詞原形開頭，但是，在某些特殊情況下，我們可以只用一個(gè)詞或短語來表示祈使句的意義。如：Just a few please. 請(qǐng)給幾個(gè)就行了。A little mo

7、re slowly please. 再慢一點(diǎn)。A pound of butter. 給我一磅黃油。Two teas and four coffees, please. 請(qǐng)來兩杯茶和四杯咖啡。助動(dòng)詞 do 在祈使句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)用法有時(shí)可在祈使句前加上助動(dòng)詞do (常重讀)，以表示說話人想特別強(qiáng)調(diào)他所說的話。這樣用的祈使句具有以下用法：1. 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的請(qǐng)求。如：Do come with us. 請(qǐng)一定要和我們一起去。Please! Do be quiet a moment! 求求你們! 安靜一會(huì)兒! 2. 表示委婉或客氣。如：Do try this fish. 請(qǐng)嘗嘗這魚。Do have anothe

8、r cup of coffee. 請(qǐng)?jiān)俸缺Х劝伞?. 表示不耐煩。如：Do stop talking! 別說啦!4. 希望說服對(duì)方。如：Do help me with this maths problem. 務(wù)請(qǐng)幫我解答這道數(shù)學(xué)題。someone和nobody等用作祈使句主語有時(shí)因?yàn)檎Z義的需要，someone, nobody, everybody 等也可用作祈使句主語。如：Nobody say a word! 都不許說話! Someone fetch a pail of water. 誰去打一桶水來。Someone go and see who it is. 誰去看看是什么人來了。Someb

9、ody answer the phone please. 請(qǐng)來個(gè)人接電話。Everybody sit down and lets have a drink. 大家坐下來喝一杯吧!有時(shí)用作祈使句主語的還可以特定的某人。如：The boy in the corner come here. 在角落的那個(gè)男孩來這里吧! 這類句子有時(shí)也可以是否定的。如：Dont anybody get out of here. 大家都別出去! 祈使句何時(shí)可以保留主語you 祈使句的主語通常為第二人稱(you)，但一般都被省略的。但以下兩種情況可以保留主語you：第1情況為了有所區(qū)分，祈使句可以保留主語 you。如：Yo

10、u go on; Ill wait. 你們先走，我等著。You wait here for a moment. 你在這兒等一會(huì)兒。You girls stand in the front row. 你們女孩子站在前排。You play Romeo and you play Juliet. 你演羅蜜歐，你演朱麗葉。You wait here, Jim, and Mary, you wait there. 你等在這兒，吉姆；瑪麗，你等在那兒。第2種情況為了表示生氣或有意表示無禮，祈使句可以保留主語 you。如：You be quiet! 你給我安靜! You stop talking. 你給住嘴。

11、You get out of here! 你給我滾出去。You do it right away. 你給我馬上就去做。let us 與 letslet us 的 us 既可指說話者一方（此時(shí)表示請(qǐng)求或命令），也可以指說話者和聽話者雙方（此時(shí)表示建議或勸誘，此用法在語體上較正式）；而 lets 中的s(=us) 則只能指說話者和聽話者雙方（表示建議或勸誘），不能指說話者一方（即不能用來表示命令或請(qǐng)求）。比較：讓我們告訴你我們?cè)诓┪镳^里看到的情況。誤：Lets tell you what we saw in the museum.正：Let us tell you what we saw in t

12、he museum.我們做朋友吧。正：Lets be friends.（較口語化）正：Let us be friends.（較正式）在反意問句中，表示請(qǐng)求或命令時(shí)，用 will you；表示建議或勸誘時(shí)，用 shall we。如：我們一起去游泳好嗎?正：Lets go swimming together, shall we?（較口語化）正：Let us go swimming together, shall we?（較正式）讓我們跟你一起去好嗎?正：Let us go with you, will you?誤：Lets go with you, will you shall we?lets 的

13、否定式可以是 lets not, dont lets。如：Lets not hurry. / Dont lets hurry. 我們不要太急。祈使句的動(dòng)詞可以是被動(dòng)的嗎有時(shí)可以，但比較少見。如：Dont be fooled by his appearance. 不要為他的外表所欺騙了。Dont be taken in by his promises. 別被他的諾言所欺騙。Dont be stampeded into buying the house. 不要一時(shí)沖動(dòng)買下這所房子。有時(shí)dont 后接的“be+過去分詞”不是被動(dòng)式，而是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Dont be discouraged. 不要?dú)怵H

14、。祈使句備考注意1. 祈使句主要用于提出請(qǐng)求，發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)，給予指示、忠告或警告，也可發(fā)出命令等。2祈使句的特點(diǎn)是：一般不出現(xiàn)主語(you)，但有時(shí)為了指明向誰請(qǐng)求或命令，也可以說出主語；謂語動(dòng)詞一律用原形；否定式一律在動(dòng)詞前面加 dont。如：Come this way, madam. 這邊走，夫人。Dont lose the key. 別把鑰匙丟了。Someone fetch a pail of water. 誰去打一桶水來。3. 有關(guān)祈使句最可能涉及的考點(diǎn)是：祈使句帶主語以及“祈使句+and / then / or+陳述句”這一句型(祈使句表示條件)。另外，祈使句與反意疑問句一起考查也是高考

15、一大特點(diǎn)。如：Lets phone her now, shall we? 我們現(xiàn)在就給她打電話，好嗎?You girls stand in the front row, will you? 你們女孩子站在前排，好嗎？Work hard, and youll pass the exam. 努力點(diǎn)，你會(huì)通過考試的。請(qǐng)做以下試題：(1) Jim, you go there to help him, _?A. do youB. will youC. are youD. have you答案選B。句首的呼語 Jim 清楚地表明這一個(gè)祈使句，只是其前帶了主語而已。(2) _ me back my mone

16、y, or Ill ring the police.A. Giving B. GivenC. GiveD. To give答案選C。填空處為祈使句謂語，故用動(dòng)詞原形。學(xué)習(xí)祈使句的幾個(gè)基本要點(diǎn)一、祈使句的概念和一般形式表示請(qǐng)求、命令等的句子叫祈使句。它的主語是聽話人(you) ，一般不需要說出來。通常以動(dòng)詞原形開頭。祈使句末尾用驚嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)，句子用降調(diào)。如：Open the door, please. 請(qǐng)把門打開。Be quiet, boys. 孩子們，安靜點(diǎn)。Hurry up!快點(diǎn)跟上。但有時(shí)為了指明向誰請(qǐng)求或發(fā)出命袋子令，也可說出主語來。如：Alice, you close your boo

17、k. 艾麗期，請(qǐng)你把書關(guān)上。二、祈使句的否定式祈使句的否定式是在動(dòng)詞原形前加dont。如：Dont be late again. 不要再遲到了()。Please dont forget to take your medicine. 請(qǐng)不要忘記吃藥。Dont lets quarrel about it. (=Lets not quarrel about it. ) 我們不要為此事爭(zhēng)吵了。三、祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)式Do be on time. 務(wù)必準(zhǔn)時(shí)。Do come early. 務(wù)必早點(diǎn)來。四、區(qū)分lets與let us /sb. Please let him in. 請(qǐng)讓他進(jìn)去。Lets go sw

18、imming, shall we? 我們?nèi)ビ斡?，好嗎？No, lets not. /Yes, lets. 不要去了。/我們?nèi)グ?。Let us go swimming, will you? 請(qǐng)你讓我們?nèi)ビ斡?，好嗎？No, youd better not. 你們最好別去。不要混淆祈使句與非謂語動(dòng)詞有這樣一道語法考題，該用動(dòng)詞原形？還是用非謂語動(dòng)詞？_ the road round to the right and youll find his house. A. FollowB. FollowingC. To followD. Followed【分析】此題容易誤選B或C，許多同學(xué)一看選項(xiàng)就想當(dāng)然地

19、認(rèn)為，選現(xiàn)在分詞表示時(shí)間或伴隨，選不定式表目的。此題的關(guān)鍵是要注意句中的連詞and，它表明整個(gè)句子是一個(gè)并列句，即 and 前后應(yīng)各是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，而不應(yīng)是一個(gè)非謂語形式的短語，所以此題的正確答案應(yīng)選A，即 and 前是一個(gè)祈使句。比較以下兩題：(1) _ the road round to the right, she found his house. A. FollowB. FollowingC. To followD. Followed【分析】此題應(yīng)選B，現(xiàn)在分詞短語表時(shí)間。(2) _ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a

20、 boy to guide him.A. FollowB. FollowingC. To followD. Followed【分析】此題應(yīng)選C，不定式短語表目的。注意以下各題均應(yīng)選A，均因?yàn)榫渲械牟⒘羞B詞 and（填空句為祈使句）：(1) _ the milk and set a good example to the other children. A. DrinkB. To drink C. DrinkingD. Having drinking(2) _ me, and dont just stand there laughing. A. AnswerB. To answerC. Answ

21、eringD. To be answering(3) _ me , and then try to copy what I do. A. WatchB. WatchingC. To watchD. Have watching(4) _ through this book and tell me what you think of it. A. Look B. LookingC. To lookD. Having looked(5) _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. Leave B. LeavingC. If you leaveD. When l

22、eft注：有時(shí)可能不用連詞，而用破折號(hào)（答案均選B，填空句為祈使句）。如：(1) _ down the radio the babys asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. Turn C. TurnedD. To turn(2) _ some of this juice perhaps you will like it.A. Trying B. Try C. To tryD. Having tried以下各題也應(yīng)選A，是因?yàn)榫渲械膹膶龠B詞 when, before, until 等（填空句為祈使句）：(1) _ left when you get to th

23、e end of the street. A. Keep B. KeepingC. To keepD. Kept(2) _ you hand over your mouth when you cough. A. Put B. PuttingC. To put D. To be putting(3) _ him enough time to get home before you telephone. A. Give B. To giveC. Giving D. Given(4)_ until the lights have turned to green. A. Wait B. To wait

24、C. WaitingD. Having waited(5) _ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together. A. Join B. To joinC. JoiningD. Joined以下各題也應(yīng)選A，即填空句為祈使句：(1) Dont give me a long account, just _ the plain facts. A. tell B. tellingC. to tell D. to be telling(2) First _ the rice by washing it

25、, then _ it in boiling water. A. prepare, cookB. preparing, cooking C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking(3) Dont sit there watching _ and help me! A. come B. comingC. to comeD. to be coming(4) Dont waste your money on silly things _ it. A. save B. to saveC. savingD. having saved(5) To test eggs, _

26、 them in a bowl of water: if they float theyre bad, if they sink theyre good. A. put B. puttingC. to put D. to be putting但是，以下各題情形有所不同，所填部分為目的狀語(用不定式，即答案均為B)：(1) _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. Sleep B. To sleepC. SleepingD. Having slept(2) _ the early bus, Mr Smith got up at six.

27、A. Catch B. To catchC. CatchingD. Having caught用復(fù)合不定代詞作主語的祈使句當(dāng)要對(duì)一群人講話時(shí)，祈使語氣可與everybody, someone之類的詞連用。如：Nobody move. 誰都別動(dòng)。Nobody say a word! 都不許說話! Someone fetch a pail of water. 誰去打一桶水來。Somebody answer the phone please. 請(qǐng)來個(gè)人接電話。Someone go and see who it is. 誰去看看是什么人來了。 Dont anybody get out of here.

28、 大家都別出去! Everyone keep quiet! 大家安靜! Everybody sit down and lets have a drink. 大家坐下來喝一杯吧! Mary, come here everybody else stay where you are. 瑪麗到這里來，其他人都留在原地。在表示否定的命令語氣后面可用帶any的復(fù)合詞：Dont say a word anybody! 誰都不要說話! Dont anybody say a word! 任何人都不許說話! 以let開頭的祈使句用法歸納let后接第一人稱Lets have a look. 讓我看一下。Lets t

29、ake a taxi! 讓我們坐出租車吧!Lets give you a hand. 讓我?guī)椭恪?Lets paint it ourselves. 我們自己來刷漆。Lets take a taxi, shall we? 我們坐出租車好嗎?Lets start now and work till dark. 讓我們現(xiàn)在開始工作一直到天黑。Lets go shopping now. The shops will be / should be fairly empty. 我們?nèi)ド痰曩I東西吧。商店里人不會(huì)太多。 Let me fix you a drink. 我給你去弄點(diǎn)飲料。Let me have

30、 a try. 我來試一試。Let me show you how to do it. 我來告訴你怎樣做。Let me pay for myself. 讓我自己來付我的那份錢。Let me have another cup of tea. 給我再來一杯茶。Let me know if you should hear some more news. 萬一你聽到更多消息你要通知我。let后接第二人稱(較少見)Let you and I try to make this all right. 讓你和我試試把這個(gè)做好。let后接第三人稱Let her do what she likes. 讓她做她想做

31、的事吧。Let the meat cook slowly. 把肉用慢火燉。Let XYZ be a triangle. 設(shè)XYZ為一個(gè)三角形。Let the two lines be parallel. 假設(shè)兩條線是平行的。Let every man do his best. 讓每個(gè)人人盡其才。Let him have his own way. 讓他照自己的意思做吧!Let the true cause of the accident be published. 把造成這件意外的真正原因公開吧。Let him try that game again on me, and Ill soon pu

32、t paid to it. 他如若再和我玩這把戲，我很快就會(huì)叫他收起來。let后接there be句式“Let there be no reprisals,” said the widow of the murdered man. 被害者的遺孀說：“千萬不要搞復(fù)仇?！盠et there be light. 讓地上有光。Let there be no doubt in your minds about our intentions. 對(duì)于我們的意圖，你們心里不要有疑問。 祈使句用法詳解：表厭煩或?yàn)槟蜔┑湫屠銬o be quiet. 安靜點(diǎn)兒吧!Stop probing! 不要盤根問底了!Spe

33、ak quietly, cant you ? 說話沉穩(wěn)些，行不行？Stop fiddling with that TV, will you? 別擺弄那臺(tái)電視機(jī)了，行不行?祈使句用法詳解：表警告或威脅典型例句Dont be rude. 不要無禮。Dont you speak to me like that! 你別這樣跟我講話!Stir, and you are a dead man. 動(dòng)一下就要你的命。Never speak to me like that again. 決不要再那個(gè)樣子跟我說話。Put that down, or else Ill smack you. 把它放下來，不然我會(huì)揍你

34、。Do that again and Ill call a policeman. 你再這樣做我就要叫警察了。Fail to pay and theyll cut off the electricity. 你如果不付款，他們就要斷電。祈使句用法詳解：表粗暴典型例句Shut up! 住口! Push off! 走開! Get out! 滾出去!Get out of here! 滾開!Go to hell! 見鬼去吧!You get out of here! 你給我滾出去。You take your hands off me! 把你的手給我拿開!祈使句用法詳解：表祝愿典型例句Have fun! 愿你

35、玩得快活!Have a good time! 祝你玩得開心!Have a good day! 祝你度過美好的一天!Have a really good meal! 愿你享受一頓美餐!Have a lovely party! 愿你有一次愉快的聚會(huì)!Have a really restful holiday! 愿你度過一次十分悠閑的休假!Have a really interesting debate! 愿你們有一次十分有趣的辯論!祈使句用法詳解：表邀請(qǐng)典型例句Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧!Mary, play on my side. 瑪麗，你和我一伙玩吧。Come an

36、d have dinner with us soon. 一會(huì)兒來跟我們一起吃飯吧。 Go on! Have another slice! Be a devil! 繼續(xù)吃呀! 再來一片! 放開吃!祈使句用法詳解：表禁止典型例句Keep off the grass! 請(qǐng)勿踐踏草地!Do not touch these wires. 請(qǐng)勿接觸電線!Do not feed the animals! 不許給動(dòng)物扔食物! Do not feed the lions. 請(qǐng)勿向獅子投喂食物!祈使句用法詳解：表指引典型例句Walk to the corner, turn right and cross the

37、road. 走到那個(gè)拐角，然后向右拐穿過馬路。Go straight on and youll see a church. 徑直往前走，你會(huì)看到一座教堂。Take the 2nd turning on the left and then turn right. 在第二個(gè)拐角處向左，然后再向右拐。 祈使句用法詳解：表告誡典型例句Beware of the dog! 當(dāng)心狗！Beware of pickpockets. 小心扒手。Look out! Mind your head! 小心! 當(dāng)心頭!Take care not to catch cold. 小心別著涼。Look out! Theres

38、 a bus! 當(dāng)心! 有公共汽車!Always keeps to your promise. 一定要遵守諾言。Remember to switch off all the lights. 記著把所有的燈關(guān)掉。Do not use this spray neat a naked flame. 別在火焰附近使用這種噴射劑。Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光鏡再開車。Be there on time otherwise youll create a bad impression 要準(zhǔn)時(shí)來，否則你會(huì)給人一個(gè)壞的印象

39、。有不少否定的祈使句用于表示告誡：Dont panic! 別慌(from )! Dont lose the key. 別把鑰匙丟了。Dont ever do that again. 別再這樣做了。Dont tell anybody, will you? 不要告訴任何人，好嗎?尤其要注意一些以 Never 開頭的祈使句。如：Never say die. 不要?dú)怵H!Never speak to strangers! 不要跟陌生人說話!Never do that again. 再不要這樣做了。Never ask her about her marriage. 決不要問她結(jié)婚的事。Never buy

40、expensive clothes. 決不要買貴重的衣裳。Never touch an electric wire when it is broken. 絕不要?jiǎng)訑嗔说碾娋€。Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 不要無事惹事。Never hold a gun by the business end. 拿槍千萬別拿槍口那端。Never identity opinions with facts. 絕不要把意見和事實(shí)等同起來。Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今日事，今日畢

41、。Never leave a silk shirt to the tender mercies of an automatic washing-machine. 切勿用自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)洗綢襯衫。Never pay the advertised price for a car; always try to bargain. 千萬不要照牌價(jià)購買汽車，總得講講價(jià)才是。祈使句用法詳解：表叮囑典型例句Fasten your seat belt. 系好安全帶。Be sure to get here before nine. 千萬要在九點(diǎn)以前到。Stay in bed for a couple of days.

42、臥床休息幾天。Take care of yourselves. 你們要注意身體?。ook over what youve written before handing it to the examiner. 先把你寫的看一遍，再交給考官。Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down. 過馬路要非常小心，要看兩邊，不然會(huì)被車撞倒。祈使句用法詳解：表建議典型例句Get your hair cut! 你去理發(fā)吧!Get your eyes tested! 你去檢查一下你的眼睛吧!Ask Jak

43、e, not his wife. 去問杰克，不要問他妻子。Come early, but not before six. 早點(diǎn)來，但別在6點(diǎn)以前。Go off for the weekend, why dont you? 去度周末，好嗎?Have a bath and a rest and youll feel better. 洗個(gè)澡，休息一下，你就會(huì)覺得好些。Cancel the match if it rains. If it rains, cancel the match. 如果下雨，就取消比賽吧。Take a taxi, otherwise youll miss your train.

44、 你如不叫出租汽車，你就會(huì)誤掉火車的。You try teaching 40 noisy children five days a week! 你來試試每周5天教40個(gè)吵鬧的孩子!注：以lets開頭的祈使句通常表示建議。如：Lets go to the cinema tonight. 今晚咱們?nèi)タ措娪啊ets get down to work. 咱們干起來吧(from )。祈使句用法詳解：表請(qǐng)求典型例句Give me a hand, will you? 幫我一個(gè)忙，好嗎?Please help me for a few minutes. 請(qǐng)幫我?guī)追昼?。Please remember me t

45、o Mr. Smith. 請(qǐng)幫我向史密斯先生致意。Do forgive me I didnt mean to be rude. 務(wù)請(qǐng)?jiān)?，我無心對(duì)你粗魯無禮。Be an angel and fetch me my slippers please. 請(qǐng)行行好，把我的拖鞋拿來。Please dont telephone before 8 a. m. 早8點(diǎn)以前請(qǐng)不要打電話。Hand me the hammer, will you? 把錘子遞給我好嗎?Do be quiet, for Gods sake! 看在上帝的份上，安靜一會(huì)兒吧!Give me some bread as well, plea

46、se. 請(qǐng)你也給我一點(diǎn)兒面包吧。Bring the fruit up to the dining room, will you? 把水果送到樓上餐廳里來好嗎? Ill try on a few of these shirts. Please pass me that white one. 我要試穿幾件襯衣，請(qǐng)把那件白色的遞給我(from )。祈使句用法詳解：表命令典型例句Hands off! 不要摸!Go there right away. 馬上去那兒。Nobody move. 任何人都不許動(dòng)。Stand over there. 站到那邊去。Drop that gun, or Ill shoo

47、t you. 放下槍，不然我就打死你。如何引用祈使句祈使句如要引用，多使用一個(gè)不定式，前面的謂語形式根據(jù)語氣決定。如： “Wake him up,” she said.She told me to wake him up.“See a neurologist,” the doctor said.The doctor advised me to see a neurologist.“Stay where you are and dont move,” commanded the sergeant.The sergeant commanded the man to stay where he wa

48、s and not to move.“Carry the trunk upstairs,” Mr. Brown said.Mr. Brown ordered the men to carry the trunk upstairs.能跟這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：advise ask beg command forbid instruct invite orderpersuade remindteach tell urge warn沒有動(dòng)詞的祈使句祈使句除用謂語動(dòng)詞表示外，還可用名詞、形容詞、副詞等，如：Help! 救人喲!Fire! 失火了!Patience! 要有耐心!Careful! 小心!Quic

49、kly! 快!Hands up! 舉起手來！Good heavens! 天哪!“be+過去分詞”用于祈使句be可以和少數(shù)過去分詞連用，用于祈使句當(dāng)中。如：Be prepared! 準(zhǔn)備好!Please be seated! (請(qǐng))坐下!Be warned! 該小心了!試比較：Get washed! 去洗一洗!注：祈使句偶爾也用進(jìn)行式，即 be 后接現(xiàn)在分詞。如：Be listening to this station at the same time tomorrow night. 請(qǐng)于明晚同一時(shí)間聽本臺(tái)的廣播?！癰e+形容詞”用于祈使句只有表示一時(shí)的行為的形容詞才可用于be / dont b

50、e之后，如careful / careless, patient / impatient, quiet, silly等(be / dont be通常不可與指狀態(tài)的形容詞連用，如hungry / thirsty, pretty)。如：Be quiet! 安靜點(diǎn)！Dont be silly! 不要發(fā)傻！Do be patient. 一定要有耐心。Be careful about what you say. 說話要小心。Be more careful with your work. 你的工作要再細(xì)心一些。Be careful not to break anything. 當(dāng)心別打破什么了。Be su

51、re you dont break any of them. 千萬別把它們打破了。Be sure to write to ma as soon as you get there. 到了千萬給我來信。Be sure and come as soon as possible. 一定要盡快來。Be sure to send out all the invitations today. 一定要在今天把請(qǐng)?zhí)及l(fā)出去。注意有關(guān)的回答()：Be quiet! 別說話! 否定的回答：I wont! 我不嘛! Dont be so impatient! 別這么著急! 否定的回答：Im not! 我不著急! “b

52、e+名詞”用于祈使句許多“be (肯定式) +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)是習(xí)慣用法Be a man! 要做個(gè)男子漢!Be an angel and fetch me my slippers please. 請(qǐng)行行好，把我的拖鞋拿來。Go on! Have another slice! Be a devil! 繼續(xù)吃呀! 再來一片! 放開吃!否定式的“Dont be+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要常用得多，往往與(愚蠢的)行為有關(guān)。如：Dont be an ass / a clown / a fool / an idiot! 別當(dāng)傻瓜 / 小丑 / 笨蛋 / 白癡!請(qǐng)注意：“be+形容詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)：Be a good girl

53、 at sch001.Dont be a silly idiot! 在學(xué)校你要做個(gè)好姑娘。別當(dāng)個(gè)傻瓜!be可以表示“成為”之義，尤其在廣告中發(fā)。如：Be a better cook! Be the envy of your friends! 你可當(dāng)個(gè)好廚師! 你可成為你的朋友們羨慕的對(duì)象!否定式dont be (=dont become) 常用于勸告。如：Dont be a racing driver! Its So dangerous. 別當(dāng)賽車運(yùn)動(dòng)員!太危險(xiǎn)了。be還可以意謂“裝作”，特別是用在you后面。如：(You) be the fairy godmother and Ill be

54、Cinderella. 你裝仙姑，我裝灰姑娘。Be a monster, granddad! 爺爺，你裝個(gè)妖怪!要注意類似下面這樣的用法：Now be yourself again! 現(xiàn)在可再顯出你的本色了！對(duì)特定的人使用的祈使句祈使句如Wait here! (在這兒等著!) 可以是對(duì)一個(gè)人說，也可以是對(duì)幾個(gè)人說，其主語暗含you。但我們卻可以用下列方式引起我們說話的對(duì)象的注意：You+祈使語氣動(dòng)詞You wait here for a moment. 你在這兒等一會(huì)兒。語調(diào)和重音很重要。在上面這一句里，如果不重讀you, 那么句子的意思是this is where you wait (這就是你應(yīng)等著的地方)；如果重讀you, 那么句子的意思就是this is what I want you to do (這是我要你做的事)。此外，重讀you時(shí)還可以表示憤怒、敵意或不客氣。如：You mind your own business! 不關(guān)你什么事!(from )You try teaching 40 noisy children five days