英語教學法畢業(yè)論文1

1、分類號 UDC 單位代碼 10644 密 級 公開 學 號 2010031510 四川文理學院 學士學位論文論初中生英語自主學習能力的培養(yǎng)論文作者： 廖 練指導教師： 顧玉蘭 學科專業(yè)： 英 語 研究方向： 教學法 提交日期： 2012年 5 月10日 答辯日期： 2012年 5 月17日 學位授予： 四川文理學院中 國 · 達 州2012年5月School of Foreign Languages Sichuan University of Arts & ScienceCultivation of Middle School Students Autonomy in Eng

2、lish LearningbyLiao Lian A ThesisPresented to the School of Foreign LanguagesIn Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Degree of B. A. in English April 2012Thesis Supervisor: Gu Yulan ContentsAbstract.iAcknowledgements.iiI. Introduction.1II. Autonomy learning2A .Definition.2B. Characteristic

3、s.2 1. Setting goals and making plans before learning.2 2. Monitoring their learning.2 3. Commenting and improving their learning.3 C. The importance of autonomy learning ability.3 1. The needs of society development.3 2. The main aim of teaching reform.4 3. The needs of students individual developm

4、ent.4 4. The requirements of improving learning efficiency.5III. Methods of cultivating middle school students' autonomy learning ability.5A. Obstacles on cultivating activities51. Students' lack of motivation and interest in English learning.52. Bad influences on students of traditional tea

5、ching.73. False habits students had developed.7 B. Methods of cultivating middle school students' autonomy81. Cultivating students' learning interest.82. Organizing English extracurricular activities.10 3. Applying easy and new teaching methods.114. Developing students' culture knowledge

6、 .115. Releasing students' pressure13IV. Conclusion.14Notes.16Bibliography.17Integrity Undertaking .18Cultivation of Middle School Students' Autonomy in English LearningAbstractSince 1980s, with the rise of meta-congnition, self-autonomy becomes popular with the pedagogues. The autonomy lear

7、ner is the person who has the ability of supervising their learning behavior, setting up goals according to their practical conditions, making out learning plans, choosing learning strategies, monitoring learning process and making self-assessment and self-evaluation in time. Nowadays most of the st

8、udents are poor autonomy learners, which is one of the main obstacles in middle school English teaching. In order to know whether the ability of autonomy learning benefits to middle school learners on their English study, a recent experiment proved that students in experimental class made greater pr

9、ogress than those in the control class. Thus Students' autonomy learning ability is obviously the basic requirements of the latest education reform. Besides, autonomy learning ability is not only the requirements of the quality education, but the needs of students' individual development. It

10、 is believed that the autonomy learning ability has become the basic skills of the young generations to survive in the fierce competitive society.In this paper the writer mentioned totally five methods of cultivating middle school students autonomy learning ability of English study, cultivating stud

11、ents' interest in English study, organizing a variety of English extracurricular activities and developing students' knowledge of English and English speaking countries and so on. Key words: autonomy; middle school students; cultivation; abilityAcknowledgementsFirst and foremost, I would lik

12、e to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Ms GuYulan both for her intellectual guidance and for her warm and constant encouragement during the process of writing this thesis. With patience and prudence, she labored through drafts of this thesis and pointed out defects in my writing. Ther

13、efore, I owe all the merits in this thesis, if any, to her, though I am fully aware that the thesis might still contain some demerits for which I bear the whole responsibility.My cordial and sincere thanks go to all the teachers concerned in School of Foreign languages, whose interesting and informa

14、tive courses have benefited me a lot during my college years. The profit that I gained from their profound knowledge, remarkable expertise and intellectual ingenuity will be of everlasting significance to my future life and career.I am also very grateful to my classmates, who have given me a lot of

15、help and courage during my stay in the University and throughout the process of writing this thesis. Last but not the least, big thanks go to my family who have shared with me my worries, frustrations, and my ultimate happiness in eventually finishing this thesis.Cultivation of Middle School Student

16、s' Autonomy in English Learning I. IntroductionIn our traditional English teaching, the teachers were the central part, while the students play passive roles. The teachers' chief task is to transfer knowledge to students because they act as the possessor, the disseminator of the knowledge an

17、d the treasure house of information. Over time, students think that the teachers were the authority and they even do not know what they should do without teachers' help. As a result, the traditional teaching doesnt help with students development, but produces a lot of students of high score but

18、poor ability.Thus, an idea of learning and teaching come up as the times require. It is the conception of autonomous learning which was put forward in the 1960s. But not untill recent years were the new methods put into practice which gives new requirements to English teaching and changes the positi

19、on of both the teacher and the student. Teachers are no longer the host of knowledge but the learners are the main body of learning. Only when the students have developed autonomous learning abilities can they do well in their future whole-life learning. Though it is a problem to make the learners a

20、dapt autonomy learning within a very short time, teacher can help them to understand how important a tool the autonomous learning is.In this paper, the writer manages to analyze the vital role of the autonomy learning, the characteristics and the methods of cultivating middle school students autonom

21、y learning with the hope of helping English teachers and learners to change their traditional belief in learning and teaching.II. Autonomy LearningA. Definition Since the 1860s, many western famous educators have put forward the autonomy learning theory. They were the pioneers of education career, a

22、nd their theory has played a pivotal role in our education field. Jean Piaget stated that all truth should be gained or rediscovered by students rather than simply handed to them. Holec regarded autonomy as the ability to take charge of one's own learning. Kenny stated that autonomy is not only

23、the freedom to learn but also the opportunity to become a person. Dickingson held that autonomy is a situation in which the learner is completely responsible for all of the decisions concerned with their learning and the implementation of these decisions. The writer in this paper does not agree Hole

24、c any more, autonomy learning ability is a kind of ability that one can take charge of one's own learning process independently, including making study goals, being clear about the study content, adapting to the learning environment and overcoming psychological problems.B. Characteristics 1. Set

25、ting goals and making plans before learning Drawing up learning plans can improve ones learning. Based on their own reality, every student should have his own learning objectives, learning to arrange self-learning time and learning task. Besides, a good learning plan makes the students clink their l

26、earning achievement to the goals of learning, which makes learning process a clear purpose, so as to promote the realization of the target of the learning.2. Monitoring their learning In the traditional education mode, teachers play the chief role, while students accept knowledge passively. But in t

27、he autonomy learning mode students explore independently under the guidance of teachers. Students change from passive knowledge receivers into active knowledge obtainers, and teaching means has also been changed from the simple knowledge transferring to arousing students' inner learning motivati

28、on.3. Commenting and improving their learning Constructivism pays special attention to students' subject status, which confirms that knowledge is scholars' subjective construction. That is to say, the independent learning does not mean teachers should directly tell students how to solve the

29、problems they face, but provide students relevant clues to help them solve the problems, make them analyze and think about it in order to develop their autonomy learning ability. Autonomy learning is not a kind of learning that restricted by time, place and material, but a set of learning methods al

30、lowing students to choose their learning time, place, the methods and content of learning independently, making a plan, learning feedback and evaluation. By the way, it is different from self-learning. Self-learning is the same as individual enclosed learning, while in autonomy learning, according t

31、o their own learning situation, students can choose learning companions, to learn from others, make up their shortcomes in a mutual relationship of communication and help during the learning process. Einstein pointed out that it is more important to put a question than to solve it. Because the probl

32、em solving is probably just a mathematical or experimental skills, but putting forward the new problems needs to have creative imagination. Thus, creation marks the real progress of science. Autonomy learning does not mean students simply learn to copy the contents, but means students should learn a

33、nd complete the activity of recreation according to their own needs. Under creative learning and creative problem solving, students complete the entire learning process by themselves, sometimes with the help of teachers and classmates. C. The Importance of Autonomy Learning Ability 1. The needs of s

34、ociety development With the development of science and increasingly fierce competition from the society, knowledge learned in the school is not enough at all. Everyone needs a lifelong learning. In the future, whether we are competitive and promising with great potential. And whether we are able to

35、grasp the knowledge in the information age, basically depends on whether we have lifelong learning ability. However, learning after leaving school is often processed without any teachers, but relies on our own autonomy learning ability. Thus it is believed that the autonomy learning ability has beco

36、me the basic skills of the young generations to survive in the fierce competitive society.2. The main aim of teaching reformThe cultivation of the students' autonomy learning ability is also the basic requirement of the latest education reform whose essential point is to change the tendency of f

37、ocusing too much on direct teaching methods and to emphasize developing students positive learning attitude to obtain knowledge independently as well as the basically essential skills. Such reform highlights the necessity of students' autonomy learning.The traditional learning methods completely

38、 ignores students' creation and exploration, which in practice makes students' misunderstand the nature of learning and makes learning become a passive process of memorizing, destroying students' interest and enthusiasm of their learning. It seriously influences healthy growth of the new

39、 generations. New reform advocates students to participate in their learning actively, to explore new knowledge, to deal with the function of information, to practice problem solving skills and to gain the ability of communication and cooperation. Therefore, the ability of autonomy learning becomes

40、the first target of the educational reform.At present, with the deeper enforcement of the reform, students are expected to learn independently and creatively. There are a lot of requirements in teaching material, asking students to discuss, to obtain new knowledge independently. These also require s

41、tudents to have a strong ability of independent learning.3. The needs of students' individual development DuYanping mentioned that the cultivation of the students' autonomy learning ability is not only the requirements of the quality education, but the needs of students' individual devel

42、opment2. First of all, the autonomy learning ability improves students' learning in the school. After examination, students with high scores are those who mostly have autonomy learning ability because the independent learning ability can promote students' content understanding. Second, the a

43、utonomy learning ability is the basic quality of innovative talents. According to research, most of those who get prize in science and technology innovation competitions are strongly independent, self-disciplined ones. This proves that students' creativity is closely related to their autonomy le

44、arning ability. The famous mathematician Hua Luogeng once said that creative inventions do not depend on others' teaching, but by their own thoughts. They do by themselves, achieving and making progresses finally. So, the autonomy learning ability helps with students development.4. The requireme

45、nts of improving learning efficiency Learning efficiency is not only the key to the classroom teaching but also the key to the implementation of quality education. In the classroom the autonomy learning is not totally independent self-learning. Students should not blindly follow the teacher but prev

46、iew before classes, enthusiastically participate in the class, check leakage occurring in time after classes and give full play to their own initiative. Furthermore, teachers should try to change the conception of forcing students to learn into that of willingly to learn by students themselves which

47、 are the keys to improve the students' learning efficiency.III. Methods of Cultivating Middle School Students' Autonomy Learning Ability Though it is beneficial to cultivate students autonomy, it is difficult to cultivate middle school students' autonomous learning, for there were a few

48、obstacles during the process of cultivating autonomous learning ability. A. Obstacles on cultivating activities1. Students' lack of motivation and interest in English learningWhat is learning motivation? American psychologist Maslow once put The Self-fulfillment Theory of The People which is one

49、 of the major socialist psychology learning motivation theories. The theory figures that people have their own will, but they also have a lot of fear and anxiety. It is these factors that make the students' major obstacles of learning and fulfillment. So in the teaching process, the teacher shou

50、ld respect those who are lack of learning motivation, let them feel the love and the feeling of belonging to and help them understand the necessity of English learning, improve their understanding of the value of English learning by making them understand that English is an indispensable communicati

51、ve tool in the future work, learning and life. And this can also enhance their English-learning will, making them hopeful and confident, solving their problem and making progress. The United States chief humanistic psychologist, Rogers, states that people's cognitive activities are always accomp

52、anied by certain emotional factors. If the emotional factors are repressed or even killed, man's creating potential won't get developed and implemented either. Therefore, only with the sincerity can stimulate their learning enthusiasm, and strengthen their confidence.There are many factors t

53、hat influence students learning motivation. (a)Lack of confidence. Self-confidence is the basic condition of English learning. It even helps English learning proceed smoothly (b) Over-anxiety. Among psychological factors, anxiety, is a kind of psychological state of being uneasy, agitated, frustrate

54、d, and afraid to make mistakes, has been shown in the study that moderate anxiety inspires students' learning motivation. (c) Low self-image. The self-image is about the learners' study ability and the impression they leaving on others' mind. If students think their impressions leaving o

55、n their teachers are bad, they often have a negative attitude to their English learning. (d) Shy character. Some students may be more introverted, ashamed to show, being afraid of not speaking English fluently enough and laughed at by other students. Therefore, in the process of English teaching, te

56、achers should try to help students overcome such personality disadvantage. Moreover, David Hayes states that interest is a psychological tendency for children to understand something or engage in some activities. Learning interest refers to children positive attitude and preferable mood towards lear

57、ning. Learning interest seems like a guide who has original power for promoting children to seek knowledge actively, and it is the most dynamic and the most intense psychological factors which benefits learning. Interest makes students overcome hardship bravely. Interest makes men consuming; Interest makes human-beings persistent and willing to put in efforts. Once the child has learning interest, he would try their best to take part in learning act