動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種

1、動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種，它的一種，它沒有人稱沒有人稱和和數(shù)數(shù)的變化，在句子中的變化，在句子中不能獨(dú)立不能獨(dú)立作作謂語謂語，但它仍保，但它仍保持持動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，既可以有自己的的特點(diǎn)，既可以有自己的賓語賓語和和狀語狀語。 用法動(dòng)詞不定式具有動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞名詞、形容詞形容詞和和副詞副詞的特征。的特征。因此在句中可以做因此在句中可以做主語主語、表語表語、賓語賓語、賓語補(bǔ)賓語補(bǔ)足語足語、定語定語和和狀語狀語。定義定義基本形式基本形式一般形式一般形式to do not to doto be done一般式一般式表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，發(fā)生在謂語表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表

2、示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的同時(shí)或之后同時(shí)或之后否定形式否定形式被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式完成形式完成形式 完成式完成式表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前之前to have done進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，與謂語動(dòng)詞表表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生同時(shí)發(fā)生to be doing進(jìn)行形式進(jìn)行形式1、不定式做主語一般表示、不定式做主語一般表示具體具體的某次動(dòng)作。的某次動(dòng)作。e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult work. To do

3、 such things is foolish.注注: 1 不定式作主語時(shí)不定式作主語時(shí),謂語用謂語用單數(shù)單數(shù)2、當(dāng)主語較長(zhǎng)，謂語較短時(shí)，常用、當(dāng)主語較長(zhǎng)，謂語較短時(shí)，常用it做形式主語，做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。而將不定式放到謂語的后面。 一、不定式做一、不定式做主語主語：it做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：中：(1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do注意：注意：在此句型中，在此句型中，adj. 只能用可以修飾只能用可以修飾 人物人物的形容詞。的形容詞。例如例如: kind nice go

4、od brave clever wise stupid foolish honest careless cruel generous eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water. (2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do注意：注意：這里的這里的adj. 不能表示人的性質(zhì)，只能表示不能表示人的性質(zhì)，只能表示某事或某事或 某物某物的性質(zhì)。的性質(zhì)。例如：例如：difficult, wonderful, meaningful, painful, usefulEg: It is not difficult for us to

5、 learn English well. It is right for him to work here. (3) it is +a +名詞名詞+ to doEg : What fun it is to jump into a lake in summer! How long did it take you to finish the work?例如例如: pleasure pity duty shame crime 等等注注: 在在感嘆句感嘆句和疑問句中只能用和疑問句中只能用it作形式主語作形式主語Eg : It is a duty to plant trees every day .不定

6、式作表語常表示將來的動(dòng)作不定式作表語常表示將來的動(dòng)作一、不定式做一、不定式做表語表語： eg : My idea is . Your mistake was . What I would suggest is . 3 不定式常用在系動(dòng)詞不定式常用在系動(dòng)詞 be, seem, appear, get, remain become , look , sound , taste , smell , feel , 等后作表語等后作表語All you have to do is (to )press the button.The only thing I can do is (to) give you

7、as much help as I can.Eg : The plan seems to have been changed . “”，三三 動(dòng)詞不定式作動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語賓語常用動(dòng)詞有常用動(dòng)詞有: like wish hope want try begin start mean agree refuse promise pretend ask choose decide forget hope learn want would like intend demand expect fail offer help hate attempt determine try manage remember

8、 prepare plan 等等Eg : We hope to get there before dark. The girl decided to do it herself. 2 不定式即可作動(dòng)詞的賓語也可作不定式即可作動(dòng)詞的賓語也可作介詞的賓語介詞的賓語.不定式作介詞的賓語時(shí)不定式作介詞的賓語時(shí),介詞之后一般不直接接不定式，介詞之后一般不直接接不定式，一般都是一般都是:疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式作賓語作賓語.Eg : Im worrying about what to do next. Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign lan

9、guage.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式 注注2 ：注注1 ： . do nothing but / except 后的不定式不帶后的不定式不帶to.需要注意的是需要注意的是,此句型中此句型中but/ except 前必須要有前必須要有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，時(shí)，but / except后的不定式后的不定式to才能才能省略省略，否則，否則to則不省則不省.我們用一句話概括就是我們用一句話概括就是： 有有do無無to，有，有 to無無 doEg : She has no choice but to wait for the news. He could do nothing but wa

10、it. . 注注3 有些動(dòng)詞既可跟有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式不定式作賓語，也可跟作賓語，也可跟動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞作作賓語，但賓語，但含義不同含義不同記住要做某事；記住要做某事；記得曾經(jīng)做過某事記得曾經(jīng)做過某事忘記要做某事忘記要做某事 忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事停下來去做某事停下來去做某事 停止做某事停止做某事繼續(xù)做另一件事繼續(xù)做另一件事 繼續(xù)做原來在做的事繼續(xù)做原來在做的事remember to doremember doing forget to do forget doingstop to dostop doinggo on to dogo on doingEg : I remember see

11、ing you somewhere before. Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 離開時(shí)請(qǐng)記得關(guān)好燈。離開時(shí)請(qǐng)記得關(guān)好燈。 我記得以前在哪兒見過你。我記得以前在哪兒見過你。 . . . . . . . .Eg : Did you see anyone ? Dont imagine yourself . We find him . He saw his father talking with his teacher. She heard Mr. White singing in the next room.“看看”：

12、see, look at, observe, watch, notice“聽聽”：hear, listen to“感覺感覺”：feel使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞：have, make, let不定式在下列動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要省略不定式在下列動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要省略to但當(dāng)以上的動(dòng)詞用于但當(dāng)以上的動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式，toto要還原要還原：They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.Eg : I wont have him cheat me.I have a

13、 lot of work to do.His story made us laugh. Father made a kite for his son to fly.have表示表示“有有”，make表示表示“制造制造”，“做做”等意義，等意義，且后面的不定式作目的狀語，定語等時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)且后面的不定式作目的狀語，定語等時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to不能省不能省需要注意需要注意have, make的用法的用法：have, make表表“讓，使，允許讓，使，允許”等意，其后的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，才等意，其后的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，才可可省省to用作一般實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用作一般實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用做使役動(dòng)詞用做使役動(dòng)詞“允許允許”“有有

14、”“使使”“做做”五五.作定語作定語:(常常表示常常表示將來將來的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作)（不定式作定語須放在（不定式作定語須放在被修飾的名詞被修飾的名詞 或代詞或代詞的的后面后面）1.不定式與被修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系不定式與被修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系e.g: Have you got anything to do this evening I have some fiends to invite.Eg : He is the only person to know the truth. She is always the first to come and the last to leave.當(dāng)名詞被當(dāng)名詞被 t

15、he first , the last, the only 等序數(shù)詞等序數(shù)詞 以及形容詞最高級(jí)以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，常用修飾時(shí)，常用不定式不定式 作定作定 語，而不管動(dòng)作是否已完成語，而不管動(dòng)作是否已完成2.不定式用于說明被修飾的名詞或代詞的不定式用于說明被修飾的名詞或代詞的內(nèi)容內(nèi)容，相當(dāng)于，相當(dāng)于同同位語位語，可轉(zhuǎn)換成，可轉(zhuǎn)換成同位語同位語從句。從句。e.g: I have no chance to go abroad. = I have no chance that I will go abroad.Eg : Alice is always the first student to co

16、me to school. The teacher gave me some English books to read. The meeting to take place here tomorrow is going to discuss the problem of pollution.Mr. Brown has a large family tosupport3作定語的作定語的不定式不定式與被修飾的與被修飾的名詞或代詞名詞或代詞存在著存在著兩種兩種 邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系，即被修飾的名詞和代詞是不定式的，即被修飾的名詞和代詞是不定式的 邏輯主語邏輯主語 或或邏輯賓語邏輯賓語當(dāng)被修飾的名詞或代

17、詞是不定式邏輯上的當(dāng)被修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式邏輯上的賓語賓語，而，而該不定式動(dòng)詞又是該不定式動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)在該動(dòng)詞后加時(shí)，應(yīng)在該動(dòng)詞后加上上一個(gè)介詞以形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系一個(gè)介詞以形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Eg : Please pass me some paper to write on. Theres nothing for us to worry about. She has a nice pen to write with. He bought a flat for the family to live in.An office to work in /A child

18、to look after A river to swim in六、不定式做六、不定式做狀語狀語1、表、表目的目的e.g:To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best.修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等表示表示等。等。He came here to attend an important meeting. eg : He opened the door for the children to come in. They sent a man to mend the window.Eg : He bought a

19、bicycle . He went home .不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示目的時(shí)，通常句子的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示目的時(shí)，通常句子的主語主語就是就是 它的它的邏輯主語邏輯主語例外的情況例外的情況為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表示目的的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是在不定式為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表示目的的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是在不定式結(jié)構(gòu)前有結(jié)構(gòu)前有否定詞否定詞 not 時(shí)，通常可以在不定式符號(hào)時(shí)，通?？梢栽诓欢ㄊ椒?hào) to 之前之前加上加上 in order 或或 so as Eg : He came here to see Charlie. He shouted and waved to be noticed. He went early not to miss

20、 the train. I turned the radio down not to disturb him表示表示目的的不定式目的的不定式可以置于可以置于句首句首，這也是，這也是區(qū)別區(qū)別于于 其他功能的標(biāo)志之一。其他功能的標(biāo)志之一。 但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上加上 in order，但卻不可以加上，但卻不可以加上so as ，Eg : To draw maps properly, you need a special pen. To get the best results, use clean water. Would you be s

21、o kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? Im not such a fool as to believe that. The boy is old enough to go to school. His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 2、表、表結(jié)果結(jié)果下列句子中的不表示結(jié)果，也無否定含義：下列句子中的不表示結(jié)果，也無否定含義： Im only too glad to go. = Im very glad to go. I shall be only too p

22、leased to get home.= I shall be very pleased to get home. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)還能表示一個(gè)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)還能表示一個(gè)隨后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作隨后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)一個(gè)并列限定動(dòng)詞詞組并列限定動(dòng)詞詞組，這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)也表示結(jié)果，這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)也表示結(jié)果 eg : She woke early . He got home . 這種表示結(jié)果的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)具有下列幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：這種表示結(jié)果的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)具有下列幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1 不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是隨后發(fā)生的，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)限定動(dòng)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是隨后發(fā)生的，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞詞組，如：詞詞組，如： He arrived

23、 late to find the others had gone home. .2 不定式所表示的結(jié)果往往含有不定式所表示的結(jié)果往往含有“令人意想不到令人意想不到”的意的意味，其中以味，其中以“使人不愉快的結(jié)果使人不愉快的結(jié)果”較為常見。較為常見。（有時(shí)也可以表示令人愉快、驚喜的結(jié)果）（有時(shí)也可以表示令人愉快、驚喜的結(jié)果）Eg : He went home .3 不定式之前有時(shí)可以加上不定式之前有時(shí)可以加上only或或but only，以加強(qiáng)語氣，以加強(qiáng)語氣 Eg : He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. They

24、 lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.注：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示注：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果結(jié)果或表示或表示目的目的，往往形式相似，往往形式相似， 這時(shí)，須根據(jù)詞匯意義認(rèn)真加以區(qū)別，這時(shí)，須根據(jù)詞匯意義認(rèn)真加以區(qū)別，試比較：試比較： He arrived late to find the others had gone home.( = He arrived late and found the others had gone home.) He arrived late to avoid meeting Robert. ( = He arrive

25、d late in order to avoid meeting Robert.) He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. He went to the station to inquire about the times of trains. ( = He went to the station in order to inquire about the times of trains.) eg :I wondered to hear her voice in the next room . = I wondered because I heard her voice in the next room . She cried to see him in that condition . = She cried because she saw him in that condition . 在在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，作定語用的不定式如修飾結(jié)構(gòu)中，作定語用的不定式如修飾