高考英語單項選擇題的解題方法

1、高考英語單項選擇題的解題方法單項填空題所考察的語言知識點多，覆蓋面廣，且突出語境化因素，旨在考查考生記憶、理解、掌握中學階段所學基礎語法、基本詞匯以及習語的熟練程度和靈活運用語言的能力?？忌吮仨毦邆湓鷮嵉幕A外，還要有科學的解題方法。1.句子結(jié)構(gòu)還原法英語中的許多句子會以各種結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)，如倒裝句，強調(diào)句等。試題還常以變化句型的方式來增加語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復雜性。因此考生平時就留意它們的特征，透過復雜的語言環(huán)境，結(jié)合語法分析看透題目的意圖。正確的方法有：1）將疑問句、感嘆句還原為陳述句(1) What great difficulty we had_ her!A. persuadeB. to p

2、ersuade C. persuading D. persuaded分析：C。易選D。此句考查感嘆句式。可先將此句還原為陳述句式：We had great difficulty_ her.由have difficulty(in) doing sth.知C項符合條件。(2) Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002上海春招)A. he explained B. what he explainedC. how he explained D. why he explained分析：A。易選D，

3、考生依據(jù)常見搭配the reason why ；處理此題首先應該將句子還原為正常語序，即：this is the reason_ at the meeting .。he explained前省略了一個that，that引導的是一個定語從句。(3) Who would you rather have_the report instead of you?A. to write B. writeC. writing D. written2）將倒裝句、強調(diào)句還原為正常語序(3) Mary thought that it was_ that Jane did her to lend her the be

4、autiful car.A. possibleB. kindC. necessaryD. a favor分析：D。句中的賓語從句是一個強調(diào)句式。將其轉(zhuǎn)換為非強調(diào)句式: Mary thought that Jane did her_ to lend her the beautiful car. do sb a favor是習慣搭配,意為“幫某人一個忙”,由此可以確定D為正確答案?(4)_ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. （2008江蘇卷）A. only if; will you B. Only i

5、f; you will C. Unless; will youD. Unless; you will分析：A。本題考查倒裝句式。先將其轉(zhuǎn)換為正常語序：You will be able to keep fit and stay healthy only if you eat the correct foods.由于是對主句進行倒裝，所以選A。 3）將省略句還原為完整句省略句可用于簡單句及復合句，它的使用雖然能使句子更加簡潔，但有時使人理解困難。在近年來的高考題中已多次出現(xiàn)省略句的考點。條件狀語從句、時間狀語從句等常用省略形式。解題時應根據(jù)語境邏輯需要將被省略的內(nèi)容補齊，從而達到正確理解的目的。(

6、1)Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society. A. has joined B. joinsC. had joined D. joined分析：D。該題考查since時間狀語從句中的動詞時態(tài)。將第二句補充完整為：Yes, I have known since she _ the Chinese Society.主句為現(xiàn)在完成時，since的從句常用一般過去時。(2) One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,

7、and _.(2000春季招生) A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white分析：C。易選A或D兩項。C項補充完整應是the other should be painted white。A項中少了painted，B及D項中不能用another，因為木板只有兩面，兩面中的另一面只能用the other。(3) When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004全國卷)A. introducing

8、 B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced分析：B。將從句補充完整應為：When they were first introduced to the market。D項為進行時的被動語態(tài)，表示正在進行，與題意不符。(4)-What should I do with this passage?-_the main idea of each paragraph.A. Find out B. Finding outC. To find outD. Having find out(5)-What made her so sad?-_.A. She l

9、ost her moneyB. Losing her moneyC. She had lost her money D. Because she lost her money(6)Many volunteers are taking part in the construction of the library, which, when _,will open to the public.A. to be finishedB. finishedC. finishingD. having been finished4）將冗長題干還原為簡單題干命題者往往有意設置一些無效附加信息，使題干復雜化。在解

10、決這類題時，不妨將這些無效附加信息大膽合理地舍去，這樣有利于抓住試題主干 ，為準確求解掃除障礙。(1)The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海春招)A. as B. which C. what D. that分析：C。該題考查名詞性從句連接詞的選用。插入語I thought可以舍去不看，at后面的賓語從句中缺少主語，因而填what。What在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語或表語；D項that在名詞性從句總補充當任何成分。(2)The man

11、agers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (2000全國卷）A. carry outB. carrying outC. to carry outD. carried out分析：D。先將此句改變?yōu)閮蓚€簡單句: The managers discussed the plan. 和They would like to see the plan_ the next year. 這樣我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)空白處應該用過去分詞作賓語補足語,表示被動意義,從而可以判斷出C項為正確答案?(3) The farm as we

12、ll as its neighbouring hills we once spent so much time _on a new look as rencently as last year.A. on has taken B. has takenC. on having takenD. having taken(4)Its dangerous to let children who are _go swimming in the river.A. too young toB. so young C. not old enough toD. so old(5)The old man insi

13、sted that the book Mr. Thompson talked about_.A. was worth readingB. was worth to be read C. being worth reading D. be worth reading(6)Is _48 hours _that man-made satellite_is made in our country to orbit the planet around?A. it ; that; where B. it; when ; thatC. it for; that it takes; thatD. it ; t

14、hat it takes; which5) 將被動式題干還原為主動式題干The teacher said time should be made good use of _ our lessons well.A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. being learned分析：C?？忌走xA，受介詞后接動名詞短語形式影響。題干可以還原為：The teacher said we should make good use of time _ our lessons well.很明顯空白處所填應表示目的。2.語境分析法語境即一定的語言環(huán)境。近年的高考題往往自然、巧妙

15、地設置一定的語言情景或故意隱蔽某些有效的信息?？忌鷥H憑語法和詞匯知識來判斷某些單項填空題往往很難做出正確選擇，只有分析具體的語言情境，同時要注意中西文化的差異，才能找出答案。(1) Could I ask you a rather personal question?Sure, _. (2008全國卷II)A. pardon me B. go ahead C. good ideaD. forget it分析：B。由答語sure推知回答者答應對方的請求，go ahead這里意為“問吧”。(2) Good evening. Huangshan Hotel. Good evening. _? （20

16、08安徽卷） A. Do you still have a room for tonight B. What would you like, please C. Is there anything I can do for you D. Who is that speaking, please分析：該題考查情境交際。由語境知，這是一電話對話。Huangshan Hotel.是旅館前臺人員的回答，故應排除B、C兩項。由第一句可知，后者應試電話者，故只能是咨詢“是否有房間？”因而A項符合語境。D項與賓館無關。(3) A cook will be immediately fined if he is

17、 found _ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smoking C. to smokeD. smoked分析：B。動詞不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作,過去分詞表示完成?被動的動作,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作?從語境“倘若廚師被發(fā)現(xiàn) 在廚房里抽煙,他將馬上被開除”可知,選項B為正確答案?(4)-You were out when I dropped in on you this morning.-I _for the airport to see a friend off.A. have left B. left C. had left D. was leaving(5)I ag

18、ree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with_.A. everything B. anythingC. somethingD. nothing3. 標點暗示法標點符號在高考試題中占有一席之地。它在單選題干中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽視，特別是在定語從句或分詞作狀語等的結(jié)構(gòu)時。其中分號有并列連詞的功能。高中階段的并列連詞有and, but ,so for ,or .看到并列連詞說明兩個句子是并列的，如果沒有并列連詞，就要考慮用從句，非謂語動詞，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。破折號表示解釋說明。(1) _ to reach them on the

19、phone, we sent an email instead. （2008重慶卷）A. Fail B. FailedC. To fail D. Having failed分析：D該題考查非謂語動詞。由題中的逗號可知，前面應是一個非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)而非句子，we與fail形成主動關系，且“失敗”發(fā)生在“發(fā)email”之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時作狀語。(2) The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control.（2008湖南卷）A. most of them B. mo

20、st of which C. most of what D. most of that分析：B。該題考查非限制性定語從句。因為題干中逗號沒有連詞，所以不可能是個并列句，由此排除A項；又因為what, that不能引導非限制性定語從句，故選B。(3)Please do me a favour-_my roommate David that I am leaving for Shanghai and stay there for two days.A. to informB. informing C. informD. informed(4)Not far from the club there

21、was a garden, _owner seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon.Not far from the club there was a garden, _owner is seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon.Not far from the club there was a garden, and_owner is seated in it playing games with his childen every af

22、ternoon. A.whose B.its C.which D.that(5) He wrote f ive novels, two of _translated into English.He wrote five novels, two of _ weretranslated into English.He wrote five novels, and two of _ weretranslated into English.A. itB. themC. whichD. that4.突破思維定式法(防止有陷阱就往里跳)思維定式即以習慣的方式解決問題的思路。命題者常利用考生熟悉的句型結(jié)構(gòu)、

23、固定搭配或母語等巧設陷阱，給考生造成假象。解題中，注意正確理解句意，克服思維定勢才是解題的關鍵。(1) _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.（2008湖南卷）A. CompletingB. CompleteC. CompletedD. To complete分析：D。此題考生易選A。究其原因，他們認為complete和we形成主動關系，故而用現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，卻不知此處是表示目的。(2) _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will ta

24、ke place in Beijing.（2008福建A. ItB. What C. AsD. Which分析：B。該題考察名詞性從句?？忌走xA或C，誤把it當初形式主語，或?qū)㈩}目看成常見的as is known to 引導的非限制性定語從句，而沒有看清前面是個主語從句且主語從句中又少主語，這里只有what有這個功能。(3) The home improvements have taken what little there is_ my spare time. (NMET 2001)A. fromB. inC. ofD. at分析：C。很多考生誤選了B項?考生是受了in ones spar

25、e time這個習慣搭配的干擾而不知道此處的what little與my spare time構(gòu)成的是所有關系,即部分與整體的關系?(4)We should stop pollution_ longer.A.from livingB.to live C.living D will live（5）Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit ChongqingAwhereB.that C.whyD.when(6)We should do more such exercises in the fut

26、ure , I think, _those we did yesterday.A.asB.likeC.aboutD.than(9)-Where did you get the information of th e course?-It was on the Internet_different types of courses are advertised.A. thatB. whereC. whoseD. which(10)Mr. King, _car the little boy goes to kindergarten every day is his fellow friends f

27、ather.A. whose B. in whoseC. which D. in which(11)We could not afford to buy the books because _of us had _money on us.A. all ; noB. none ; anyC. any; noD. no one; any(12) Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires_the environment safer.A. makeB. to makin

28、gC, to make D. from making5.固定搭配法固定搭配法就是根據(jù)詞與詞的搭配關系來找某問題答案的方法。常見的是一些特定的句型、句式和某些固定的短語搭配等。(1) It is often said that the joy of traveling is _ in arriving at your destination _ in the journey itself. （2008江蘇卷） A. / butB. / orC. not orD. not but分析：D。本題考查的是固定搭配。not but 是固定詞組，意為“不是而是”。(2) You have no idea

29、how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.(2008福建) A. for B. whenC. withD. while分析：C。本題考查with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)用法。with+名詞+形容詞，with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做狀語，表示謂語動作發(fā)生的伴隨情況、時間、原因、方式等。其它三項均為連詞，應接句子。(3) I _ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for thei

30、r products. （2008江西卷） A. make B. lookC. take D. think分析：C。本題考查固定短語的用法。take as “把當作”，題中it 做形式賓語。(4) I wonder _got him the job, his fluency in English or his good looks .A. which was it that B. what this was thatC. which it was thatD. how it was(5)Mr .Wang made up his mind to devote all he could_his o

31、ral English before going abroad。A.improveB。toimprove C.improvingD.to improving(6)Before he went abroad , he spent as much time as he_English.A.could learningB.learnedC.to learnD.could learn(7)You can imagine what great difficulty I have _your house.A.foundB.finding C.to findD.for finding(8)Who is it

32、 up_decide whether to go or not. A.to toB.for forC.to forD.for to(9).Time should be made good use of_our lessons well.A.learning B.learned C.to learnD.having learned(10)It was _the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at homeA.repair B.repairing C.to repair D.in repair(11)_occurred to

33、me that the murder happened_a rainy day.A. What; inB. What ; onC. It; inD. It; on(12)Its high time that we _our work and _supper now.A. stop; have B. stopped; had C. stop; should haveD. stopped; have6.邏輯推理法有時考生需要將選項放入句中看前后的意思是否通順，是否符合上下文邏輯，通過邏輯來選出正確答案。(1) Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening? Excel

34、lent! Ales and Andy performed _ and they won the first prize.（2008安徽卷）A. skillfullyB. commonly C. willingly D. nervously分析：A。由excellent以及后半句的won the first prize推知空白處的詞應該是贊揚Ales 和Andy的表現(xiàn)，具有迷惑性的C項表示“自愿地”，不符合題意。A項skillfull y意為“技術(shù)高超地”，符合題意。(2) In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work a

35、t home and raise their children. (2008四川卷) A. but B. while C. because D. though分析：B。本句前半句意思是“某些地方女人被期待去掙錢”，后半句意為“男人在家工作并撫養(yǎng)孩子”，可見兩部分意思形成對比，此處while相當于and at the same time。7.語法分析法對基本語法的靈活運用是高考單項填空考查的一個主要內(nèi)容。解題時必須仔細分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)后，注意句子前后的一致性，如主謂一致、時態(tài)一致、代詞一致等，并且快速劃分出意群，弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找出所缺句子的成分，這樣才有利于問題的解決。(1)_wants to st

36、ay in a hotel has to pay their own way. （2008浙江卷）A. Anyo ne B. The one C. Whoever D. Who分析：C。本題考查名詞性從句。分析語法成分可知has to pay their own way中缺少主語。該主語由主語從句充當，再分析主語從句，知從句缺少主語，而這里只有whoever能既引導從句，又在從句中作主語，相當于anyone who。(2) Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have r

37、esulted in changes in the law.（2008江西卷）A. whereB. when C. whoD. which分析：A。該句考查定語從句。劃分意群知主句是：Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers.后半部分是個分割式定語從句，先行詞是cases。因為定語從句只缺少地點狀語，故選where。8.比較、排除法比較是對語法知識、詞義、相似結(jié)構(gòu)進行比較，最后選出正確答案。排除法不能單獨使用，它只是前幾種方法的補充，因為排除某一選項必須依據(jù)固定搭配和句子結(jié)構(gòu)才能進行。(1) Im sorry youve

38、 been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian get back. ( A. beforeB. sinceC. tillD. after分析：A?？疾檫B詞及相似句型的辨析。It is some time before 是一個句型，表示“在之前還有一段時間”。考生還要注意區(qū)別一下四個相似句型：1）It will be/was+一段時間+before表示“才”或“就”；2)It has been/is+時間段+since表示“自以來已有多長時間”；3)It is/was +時間點+when表示“當時，時間是”，when引導時間狀

39、語從句；4)It is/was +強調(diào)部分+that/who為強調(diào)句式。(2) This is such a wonderful film _ we have never seenA. thatB. asC. whichD. what分析：B。易錯選A。注意區(qū)分suchthat和suchas的用法。在such. that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句中， that不充當句子成分， 而在such. as引導的定語從句中， as常作定語從句的主語或賓語。此題seen后缺少一個賓語， 故后面是一個定語從句。(3) _in thought， he almost ran into the car in front

40、of him.A. LosingB. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose分析：C?！癷n thought”意為“在思考中”，表狀態(tài)，所以所填的非謂語動詞不能是V-ing形式，排除A項和B項；D項To lose置于句首常表示目的，與題意不符；Lost為過去分詞相當于形容詞，與本題相符，故C項正確。9. 綜合分析法上述每一種解題方法絕不是唯一的，各種方法之間的關系是互補的，是相互滲透的。因此在解題過程中，靈活、巧妙地使用多種方法往往較只用一種方法效果更好，而命題人越來越傾向于從多角度、綜合地考查考生的知識水平。因此，解體時要瞻前顧后，通盤考慮。As we all know

41、, every minute, _ full use of_ our lessons, will do good to us students.A. which makes; studyingB. when made; to study C. that is made; studyD. that is made; studying分析:B。 此題題干很長,但分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,其主句應該為：As we all know, every minute will do good to us students. every minute后面又有一個由when引導的省略的狀語從句?若將其補全,則應為: W

42、hen every minute is made full use of to study our lessons.可以將被動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為主動語態(tài),即: When we students make full use of every minute to study our lessons . ，這樣就不難選出答案了。10. 口訣法（1）-Where is that _tie I boughtlast month? -Cant you remember giving it to Rachel as a wedding gift？A.silk new blackB. new silk blackC.

43、 new black silkD. black new silk形容詞的排列順序口訣：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡與新老，顏色國籍出材料，作用類別往后靠1.在記憶介詞but，except后接不定式時帶不帶to這個知識點時，有同學編了一句話“Do與to不共戴天”，即“有do無to,無do 有to”,就徹底解決了這一問題。即在含介詞but的句型中，but前有do，則but后的不定式不能帶to；相反，but前若找不到do，則but后的不定式必定帶to.例如：She could do nothing but cry.她只好哭了。（她除了哭以外別的什么也不能做。）I have no choice but t

44、o accept the fact.我別無選擇，只好接受這個事實。 2.在記憶表“某國人”的名詞的單復數(shù)是否加“s”時，我們可記住這一句話：中日不變，英法不變，其他“s”加后邊。即Chinese，Japanese單復數(shù)同形；Englishman，F(xiàn)renchman的復數(shù)為Englishmen，F(xiàn)renchmen；其他像German，American，Australian等的復數(shù)形式是在后面加“s”。3）.lie lay lain躺lay laid laid放下；產(chǎn)蛋l(fā)ie lied lied撒謊，這幾個詞在拼寫上很容易混淆，有人編了這樣的口訣：規(guī)則的“撒謊”，不規(guī)則的“躺”，“躺”過就“下蛋”

45、，“下蛋”不規(guī)則。“規(guī)則”指規(guī)則變化，“不規(guī)則”即不規(guī)則變化，如lie作“撒謊”解時，是規(guī)則變化，即其過去式和過去分詞直接加d；“躺過”的“過”指的是過去式，即lie的過去式lay是“下蛋”的原形；“下蛋”是不規(guī)則變化。 He lay there lying that the hen laid an egg.4）. 感觀使役動詞記憶和使用口訣二聽四看一感覺，使役動詞有三個,或：一感二聽三使四看。一感；feel 二聽：hear,listen to 三使：make ,let ,have四看：look at,see,watch,notice使用口訣：感使動詞真奇怪，to在句中象妖怪。 主動句里它走開

46、，被動句里它回來。 動詞let要除外，to詞可來可不來。11.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法：有些試題本來十分簡單，但是命題者卻通過使用定語從句，或者將我們十分熟悉的固定詞組有意拆開，重新組合，使我們在結(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生錯覺。1.-Where do you think_he_the computer? -Sorry, I have no idea.A.had ; bought B.has ; boughtC.did; buyD./; bought注意：在do you think/believe/suppose/imagine 與特殊疑問詞連用時， 習慣把他們放在特殊疑問詞的后面， 句子語序用陳述語序。2.Everyt

47、hing he_away from him before he returned to his hometownA.tookB.had been takenC.had had been takenD.had taken3.Please tell me the way you thought of_the garden.A.take care ofB.to take care ofC.taking care of D.how to take care of4. It is said that the footballer is willing to play for _will pay him

48、three million dollars per year. A. whoeverB.whomever C.anyoneD.no matter who 5. The majority of people here agree that there_a bus stop near the house will be a great advantage. A. was B. have been C. having beenD. being6. This is the main use that the scientists make _natural resources.A . in B. up

49、 ofC, from D. of12.區(qū)分短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的正確使用（1）-How long have you been there?-_the end oflast month. A.In B.By C.At D.Since(2)until 用于肯定句， 主句用延續(xù)性動詞；用于否定句，主句用短暫性動詞I will wait until he comes back.I wont leave until he comes back.（3）since 與短暫性動詞連用，“自從做某事多長時間了”since 與延續(xù)性動詞連用，“自從不做某事多長時間了”It is three years since I began to smoke. It is three years since I smoked.(4)while 從句的動詞須用延續(xù)性動詞13.注意連詞的一詞多義的使用(連詞的一次多用法)（1）How can they learn so much _they spend such a