英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句超級(jí)實(shí)用課件

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句(趙留強(qiáng))1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)的從句2. 功能：狀語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞，或整個(gè)主句3. 分類：按意義可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句。從句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時(shí)，從句后面常用一個(gè)逗號(hào)，放在句未時(shí)，從句前一般不用逗號(hào)4. 解題思路： 理清主句和從句（有連詞引導(dǎo)）之間的邏輯關(guān)系（原因，條件，方式，轉(zhuǎn)折，結(jié)果，目的等） 翻譯句子，找出意義上更適合的翻譯 選定連詞 5. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句A連詞：注意長(zhǎng)得不像連詞的連詞（連接一個(gè)句子的詞） As soon as, hardly/

2、scarcelywhen, no soonerthan，directly/ immediately( 一就)，the moment; by the time, next time, the first time, the last time, every time, any time, each timeB. when的四個(gè)句式（常用用法）與 時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用，具有突然性 be doing sth. when 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris Charles D

3、e Gaulle Airport when the whole roof fell down. be about to do sth. when 正要 做某事， 另一個(gè)動(dòng)作出現(xiàn)。1. I was about to cross the street when a car knocked me down.2. Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 3. I was about to leave my house when the telephone rang. had just done

4、 sth. when 當(dāng)一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束。1. She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. 2. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel when I heard the steps. hardly/ scarcely/ barely when 一 就注意：1. 當(dāng)hardly/ sca

5、rcely/ barely置于句首，主句（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）+ 部分倒裝（助動(dòng)詞提前）； 2.從句 過(guò)去時(shí)Hardly had he got to the railway station when the train left. (when 可以用before)The girl had hardly rung the bell when/ before the door was opened suddenly.注意：1. 有時(shí)when表示雖然，盡管的含義，相當(dāng)于although或since。 2. whenever是when的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ)，它描述的不是一次性動(dòng)作，而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句=

6、 no matter when）You are always welcome whenever you come.Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.He walks when he might take a taxi.How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none.B. while 的四個(gè)用法 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)時(shí)候”；while 從句中只能接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 表示前后兩個(gè)句子的對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折Li likes playing basketball whil

7、e He likes reading books. 表示讓步 “盡管”常用于句首 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 表示“趁” 可以和before 替換Strike the iron while it is hot. = Strike the iron before it gets cold. C. before的四個(gè)用法（提示：before 從句往往帶有否定的含義） 表示“還沒(méi) 就”1. He had been tired out before he ran 3 circles.2. Goods had been passed away many times before they finally reac

8、hed their destination.3. They hung up the phone before I could answer it. 表示“需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才”【It will be + 段時(shí) before 】1. It will be 16 years before Yang and Long meet again. 神雕俠侶The Condor Heroes2. How long it will be before China sends man to the moon. 表示“趁”Let the old man sign the Testament( 遺囑= will) bef

9、ore he dies. 句式 It will not be long before或 It was not long before 不久就D. as的用法（還可引導(dǎo) 原因/方式狀語(yǔ)從句） 表示“一邊一邊”The girl sang as she walked.E. till/ until/ not until用法A.注意：1. 肯定句 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（Verb）用 延V 2. 否定句 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（Verb）用 瞬V 3. till 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句不用于句首， until可以置于句首。 4. till在口語(yǔ)中更為常見(jiàn) B. Not until 的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和倒裝句的變換方法：四步走戰(zhàn)略”原句：

10、I didnt go to bed（主句） until I had finished my homework last night（從句）.第一步：劃分主從句（有連詞引導(dǎo)為從句）變倒裝：第二步：合并 notuntil 為 not until + 從句（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)詞，詞意為“直到” ）并置于句首。 Not until（直到） I had finished my homework last night（從句），+ 主句 第三步 ：因否定詞置于句首，其后的主句部分 要 部分倒裝（助動(dòng)詞 提前）Not until（直到） I had finished my homework last night（從句

11、），did I go to bed（主句）變強(qiáng)調(diào)句型第四步：否定詞沒(méi)有置于句首， 主句不再倒裝。同時(shí)變時(shí)態(tài)。It was Not until（直到） I had finished my homework last night（從句） that I went to bed（主句）。E. since和 ever since用法1. It is/has been + 時(shí)間段+since clause + V過(guò)2. Since + 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 表示 “否定” Since + 瞬間動(dòng)詞 表示 “肯定”3. ever since 從那時(shí)起直至現(xiàn)在，此后一直。表示說(shuō)話者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，語(yǔ)氣比s

12、ince強(qiáng)。Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.3since還可以用作副詞或介詞。The big clock was damaged during the war and has been silent（ever）since.You have made great achievements in your work since graduation.F. 注意區(qū)分幾個(gè)句式：It is/has been + 時(shí)間段+since clause + V過(guò)It is + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) + when clauseIt is/

13、was that 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)（去掉結(jié)構(gòu)為完整句子）It will be + 時(shí)間段 + before clause 需要時(shí)間才It was not long before clause 不久就Eg.It is 10 years since I left Anyang No.1 Senior High School.It is 10 years since I was a teacher in Anyang No.1 Senior High school.（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示否定意思）It is 10 years since I got married.It is 10 years since I w

14、as married. It will be 10 years before I get married. （主將從現(xiàn)）It will not be long before I get married.It was 6: 00 when I left home to go to school.It was at 6: 00 that I left home to go to school.（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）G. when, while, as的區(qū)別1)when引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，主從句的動(dòng)作有先有后，也可以同時(shí)進(jìn)行,從句的動(dòng)作可以是持續(xù)性的，也可以是短暫的。如：When I got to the airpo

15、rt, the plane had already taken off. When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays. When the movie ended, the people went back. 2)while側(cè)重主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的時(shí)間之間，且從句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。While we were chatting ,she was looking at the time table on the wall3)as引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)側(cè)重主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)進(jìn)行，從句的動(dòng)作可以是持續(xù)性的，也可以是短暫的。as表示

16、 一邊一邊，強(qiáng)調(diào)從句和主句中兩個(gè)動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同步進(jìn)行。as表示隨著，此用法不用when或while替換。Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfastHe looked behind from time to time as he went.As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.As the days went on, the weather got worse.H“一 就”的表達(dá) 1. as soon asHe will come and see you as soon as

17、he gets home.He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.2.【必背】一 就還可以用on /upon doing 結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。On arriving home he called up Lester.=As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.3. immediately instantly directly 相當(dāng)于as soon as，從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。They phoned her immediately they reached home.I recognized he

18、r instantly I caught a glimpse of her.We came directly we got your telephone.4. the moment, the minute, the instant, the second這幾個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)也可用作連詞，直接引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示一就。Telephone me the moment (that) you get the results. I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant I closed my eyes. 5. scarcely/hardly when, no

19、 soonerthan這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都表示剛就，可以互換,主句通常用去完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.He had hardly started his speech when someone rose to refute his points.【注意】當(dāng)hardly（=scarcely）, no sooner位于句子的開(kāi)頭時(shí)，主句須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.No sooner had

20、I got home than it began to rain.6. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句通常由where, wherever（where的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ)）, anywhere和everywhere引導(dǎo)，是表示空間關(guān)系的狀語(yǔ)從句。A. where 在地方，去地方Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。（經(jīng)典句型）I found my books where I had left them.Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.Keep it where you can see

21、it. He lives where the climate is mild. B.【注意】在地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句之前，不要使用介詞?！菊`】You should put the book at where it was.【正】You should put the book where it was.【誤】We should go to where we are needed most.【正】We should go where we are needed most.C. 區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。Put the book where it was. （狀語(yǔ)從句）= Put the boo

22、k at the place where it was.（定語(yǔ)從句）I will go where I am needed most. （狀語(yǔ)從句）= I will go to the place where I am needed most. （定語(yǔ)從句）D. wherever在任何地方，無(wú)論哪里（讓步= no matter where）Wherever you go, you should do your work well.E. everywhereEverywhere they went, they were kindly received.F. anywhereIll take yo

23、u anywhere you like. 7. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句A. 連詞as, because, since, now (that), considering that, seeing that , given that , since表“既然”，也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。此時(shí)不得不提到可以表因果關(guān)系的并列連詞for（猜測(cè)）等BBecause用法because 除用于引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句外，還可引出表語(yǔ)從句。That is because youre eating too much. 漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)“之所以是因?yàn)椤?，說(shuō)成英語(yǔ)通常是The reason (why)is that 其中的that最好不用becau

24、se代替。The reason (why) Im late is that I missed the bus. （定語(yǔ)從句）because后接句子；介詞短語(yǔ)because of后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、what 從句等。We said nothing about it, because of his wifes being there. He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting. C. because = in that和for的區(qū)別。1 for 是并列連詞，只用于連接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。be

25、cause表示原因時(shí)，可位于句首。【誤】For he did not obey the rules, he was punished.【正】Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished.2for 表示的是推斷解釋（猜測(cè)），because強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的直接原因，推理性強(qiáng)可用于回答why的提問(wèn)，for不可以。The day breaks, for the birds are singing.(不可用because，因?yàn)轼B(niǎo)叫不是天亮的原因）He went to bed early, because he was tired(直接的理由）3固定句

26、型中宜用because1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is/was because+從句+that2. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞not because +從句+but because+從句，不是因?yàn)槎且驗(yàn)?. not only because+從句+ but because +從句引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句中 Its because he helped you that Im prepared to help him.He decided to give up the chance of going abroad, not because he did not want to but because his wife was i

27、ll.D. Since表原因= now that （that可以省略）1. 既然（已知的客觀事實(shí)，或分析后的推理）。引導(dǎo)的原因從句多置于句首，主從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般相同，不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.Now you mention it again, I do remember.Eas 由于（又方都已知的原因理由最弱），不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中。As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain.H. considering that, seeing

28、that, given (that) 這三個(gè)詞和since, now that意思相近，都有鑒于（事實(shí)），考慮到的意思。Seeing that quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.(seeing 后面的that可以省略)Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quitegood job.Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the rig

29、ht career for her. 【注意】considering 和 given 還可用作介詞，意為“考慮到”Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 。Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 4not thatbut that不是因?yàn)槎且驗(yàn)镹ot that I dont like the film, but that I have no time for it.8. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句A. so that，in

30、 order that表示為了，以便，所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)需要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞修飾一般放在主句之后。so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后，而in order that前后均可Man does not live that he may eat, but eats that he may live.They hurried so that they might not miss the train.In order that everyone present might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again.【注意】當(dāng)主從句的主語(yǔ)一

31、致時(shí)，so that和in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。They hurried so that they might not miss the train. They hurried so as not to miss the train.Betty saved money in order that she could uy a portable computer. Betty saved money in order to buy a portable computer.Bin case, lest, for fear that幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)都表示“

32、萬(wàn)一，惟恐”，含有否定的意義。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.Take an umbrella in case it rains.9. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句Aso (that), sothat, suchthat等。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句通常置于主句之后。so, that, so that這三個(gè)詞都可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。so that最為常用,so或that常用于口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中。What has happened that you look so worried?I didnt plan the work well, so that/

33、so I didnt finish it in time.（so that從句常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)）Bsothat Sothat 如此以致。其引導(dǎo)的果狀語(yǔ)從句有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：1 so + 形容詞副詞 + that-從句The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.2 so + 形容詞 + a/ an + 單數(shù)名詞 + that-從句He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited.3so + many/few/ +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ that-從句I have had so

34、 many falls that I am black and blue all over.4so + much/little +不可數(shù)名詞 + that-從句I had so little money then that I couldnt even afford a used car.【注意】little表示小的時(shí)候，前面用suchHe is such a little boy that he cant lift the box. 5.在so + 形容詞/副詞 + that-從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，如將so + 形容詞副詞位于句首，主句謂語(yǔ)要倒裝。So loudly did he speak that

35、 even the people in the next room could hear him.So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day. Csuchthat such.that 如此以致。其引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果語(yǔ)從句有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：1such + a/an + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that-從句Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.2such + 形容詞 +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ that-從句They are such interes

36、ting novels that all of us want to read them.3such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that-從句He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.提示：such+ a /an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以和so +形容詞+a an+單數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)互換。He told us such a funny story that we all laughed. He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.The story he told us

37、 was so funny that we all laughed.【區(qū)別】such/ sothat引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句和such/ soas引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。He is such a clever boy that we everyone likes him. (狀語(yǔ)從句)He is so clever a boy that we everyone likes him (狀語(yǔ)從句)He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. ( 定語(yǔ)從句)He is so clever a boy as everyone likes. ( 定語(yǔ)從句)Luckily such

38、earthquakes as can cause a lot of damage do no happen very often.(關(guān)系代詞as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)）Dsuch thatsuch that可以連用，意思是（是）這樣.以致。Mothers answer was such that she didnt say yes and she didnt say no.His anger was such that he lost control of himself.10. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句是表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的前提或條件的從句。條件狀語(yǔ)從句分為真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句和非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。引

39、導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的有 if, unless (=if not), so（as）long as, as（so）far as, on condition that, in case, providing， provided (that)， supposing， suppose (that)等。值得一提的是，條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常用一般時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。真實(shí)條件句表示的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。A. if，unless (=if not)，only ifIf he doesnt come at 8:00, we wont wait for him. He is sure to

40、 come unless he has some urgent business.Only if you heat ice, it turns to water.【注意】if.not和unless通常是可以換用的。但在下列情況下，兩者是有區(qū)別的：1 unless多引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句，ifnot可以引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句或非真實(shí)條件句。He wont be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard.He wont be able to pass the final exams if he doesnt work hard.He would pass

41、the final exams if he worked hard.（非真實(shí)條件句。含義是He doesnt work hard.）2如果主句描述的是情感或情緒活動(dòng)方面的內(nèi)容，ifnot結(jié)構(gòu)不能換成unless。Ill be quite glad if she doesnt come this evening.2 unless能作為介詞使用，相當(dāng)于except，而ifnot不可以。Nothing will come out of it unless disaster.Bso long as, as long as, on condition that這幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)意思差不多，都表示只要，條件是As

42、 /So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.I shall give you my dictionary on condition that you return it tomorrow.Cin case 既引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，等于if it happens thatIn case I forget, please remind me of my promise.Send s a message in case you have any difficulty.Dpr

43、oviding, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given that這幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)意思相近，有如果，只要，假如等意思。Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.(that可以省略)I will go, providing/provided (that) my expenses are paid.Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do? （僅用于疑問(wèn)句）11. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句由althou

44、gh, though, as, even if, even though, no matter +疑問(wèn)詞， whether（是否）, 等詞引導(dǎo)。Aalthough, though這兩個(gè)詞意思一樣，都解釋雖然，盡管。although比though正式。1. although多用于句首。多數(shù)情況下可與though換用。Although his illness had prevented him from studying, he managed to pas the exam.2though可用于句首、句中或句末。Though he is poor, he is happy.I havent ch

45、ecked the information yet, though I think it is correct.My house, though it is large, is also made of stone and wood.【提示】有時(shí)though= and yet=however但是，然而，放在句子末尾，前面用逗號(hào)。It was hard work; I enjoyed it, though.（= It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.）3. though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法比較特殊，它可以倒裝，也可以不倒裝， 具體用法參見(jiàn)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

46、的用法。4.【注意】although, though不能與but連用，但是可以與yet, still, nevertheless連用。Although/Though he blames me, yet I will trust him.Though he was hungry, still he would not eat.B. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示“雖然、 即使、 盡管”，必須采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)， “提前原形”Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. （表語(yǔ)）Child as he is, he can tell black from wh

47、ite. (倒裝時(shí)要省去單個(gè)名詞前的冠詞)Brave man as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes. Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic. Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.Ceven if, even though這兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)氣比though, although強(qiáng)，解釋即使，兩者可以通用。We wont be discouraged even if/though w

48、e fail ten times.Even if/though you fail, you will have gained experience.Dwhile, whereas這兩個(gè)詞也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，突出主句和從句的對(duì)比。While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.。Eno matter (who, what, where, when, etc)這幾個(gè)詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)氣十分強(qiáng)烈。This is not true, n

49、o matter who says so.Do it no matter what others say.No matter how bus he was, he studied English every day.Fhowever, whatever, whenever, wherever這些詞在意思上和用法上都等于no matter how /whatWhatever happens , we shall never lose hope.However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, Ill take it.Dont let them in, w

50、hoever (=no matter who) they are.【注意】no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。 【誤】No matter what you say is of no use now. 【正】Whatever you say is of no use now. （Whatever you say是主語(yǔ)從句） 【誤】Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, 【正】Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.Gwhether.or (not) .意思是不管還是。Whet

51、her you believe it or not, its true. Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as planned.【提示】也可直接用or來(lái)連接兩個(gè)相同結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示讓步。Walking or sleeping, she always has the question in her mind.Hwhen表示雖然，盡管的含義，相當(dāng)于although或sinceHow can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none？He refuses help when he

52、 has many friends. I. granting that, granted that, admitting (that), for all (that), in spite of the fact, despite the fact that等Granted this is true, you are still in the wrong. Admitting that he is naturally clever, we do not think he will make much improvement. They are good people, for all that

53、their ways are not the same as ours. 12. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句 常由as, as if，as though等詞引導(dǎo)。Aas, （just）asso通常位于主句后，但在（just）asso結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文體。這兩個(gè)連詞的意思是如，正如一樣。just as 比as 語(yǔ)氣要強(qiáng)一些。As water is to fish, so air is to man. = water is to fish what air is to man. Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. Do in Rome as the Romans do.Please do as you are told.（也可說(shuō)Please do as told.）Balloons float in the air just as boats do on the sea.Bas if, as though漢譯作仿佛似的，好像似的It lo