OPC客戶端的自動(dòng)化實(shí)現(xiàn)

1、OPC客戶端的自動(dòng)化實(shí)現(xiàn)OPC是建立在COM，DCOM的基礎(chǔ)商的，因此絕大多數(shù)語言都可以很好的進(jìn)行開發(fā)。在Net中開發(fā)客戶端有以下幾種方式：（1）       使用OPCNetAPI，需要用到OPCNetAPI.dll，（2）       使用自動(dòng)化接口，需要用到OPCDAAuto.dll（3）       使用自定義接口，需要用到多個(gè)Wrapper：，以上開發(fā)方式所需的動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接庫可以從OPC基金會(huì)（）的網(wǎng)站上下載，

2、一些下載項(xiàng)目可能需要注冊(cè)，或成為基金會(huì)的成員。不同的方式有各自的有缺點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)參見本文使用自動(dòng)化接口，VB.Net語言進(jìn)行開發(fā)，開發(fā)項(xiàng)目是無線射頻（RFID）卡方面的應(yīng)用，典型的如公交車，或公司考勤使用的刷卡機(jī)。需要注意的是自動(dòng)化接口存在一個(gè)“不是問題”的問題，數(shù)組下標(biāo)是以1開始的，而不是傳統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)開發(fā)上的以0開始。不知道設(shè)計(jì)者頭腦是怎么想（有人知道嗎？）；這可能會(huì)給一些語言的開發(fā)造成問題（有人碰到嗎，沒有你就是幸運(yùn)的）需求：OPCDAAuto.dll或該Dll的Interop(一)  ：客戶端開發(fā)流程OPC客戶端的開發(fā)主要遵循下圖所示的開發(fā)流程，下面就從以下幾個(gè)開發(fā)步驟進(jìn)行說明

3、0;(二)  ：枚舉OPC服務(wù)器列表枚舉服務(wù)器主要是通過OPCServer接口的GetOPCServers方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，該方法會(huì)返回OPC服務(wù)器數(shù)組（以1為下界，上面已有說明），以下是代碼段 '枚舉OPC服務(wù)器列表 Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load Try GlobalOPCServer = New OPCAutomation.OPCServerClass() Dim ServerList As Objec

4、t = GlobalOPCServer.GetOPCServers For index As Short = LBound(ServerList) To UBound(ServerList) '加入控件列表中，注意這里使用LBound和UBound cbbServerList.Items.Add(ServerList(index) Next If cbbServerList.Items.Count > 0 Then cbbServerList.SelectedIndex = 0 End If ResetControlStatus() '設(shè)置控件狀態(tài) GlobalOPCSe

5、rver = Nothing Catch Ex As Exception MessageBox.Show("List OPC servers failed: " + Ex.Message, "OPCSample", MessageBoxButtons.OK) End TryEnd Sub(三)  ：連接OPC服務(wù)器自動(dòng)化接口中連接到服務(wù)器是使用connect方法Public Overridable Sub Connect(ByVal ProgID As String, Optional ByVal Node As Object = Nothin

6、g)ProgID指服務(wù)器的ProgID，Node代表網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)，如果是本機(jī)則放空即可。連接到服務(wù)器后，以下屬性需要特別注意：OPCServer.StartTime：服務(wù)器的啟動(dòng)時(shí)間OPCServer.CurrentTime：服務(wù)器的當(dāng)前時(shí)間，各個(gè)客戶端可以通過這個(gè)屬性值完成一些同步的操作OPCGroups.DefaultGroupIsActive：以后添加的Group是否默認(rèn)激活OPCGroups.DefaultGroupDeadBand：Group的默認(rèn)死區(qū)，變化量超過死區(qū)后將會(huì)觸發(fā)DataChange事件，合理的設(shè)置該值可以提高程序性能OPCGroups.Count：下屬組（Group）的數(shù)

7、量OPCGroups.DefaultGroupLocalID：組（Group）的默認(rèn)通信區(qū)域編號(hào)，如1024OPCGroups.DefaultGroupUpdateRate：組（Group）的默認(rèn)刷新率，該屬性也比較重要OPCGroups.DefaultGroupTimeBias：組（Group）的默認(rèn)時(shí)間偏差(四)  ：添加組（Group）和項(xiàng) （Item）添加組和項(xiàng)需要用到Groups.Add和Items.AddItem方法，以下是原型：Function Add(Optional ByVal Name As Object = Nothing) As OPCAutomation.O

8、PCGroupFunction AddItem(ByVal ItemID As String, ByVal ClientHandle As Integer) As OPCAutomation.OPCItem組也有兩個(gè)重要的屬性Group.UpdateRate：刷新率，該屬性通Groups的UpdateRate意義一樣，如果這個(gè)值有設(shè)置，則以這個(gè)值為準(zhǔn)Group. IsSubscribed：是否使用訂閱功能以下是代碼段 '連接到指定的OPC服務(wù)器 Private Sub btnConnectServer_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal

9、 e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnConnectServer.Click If cbbServerList.Text <> "" Then ConnectedOPCServer = New OPCAutomation.OPCServerClass() Try ConnectedOPCServer.Connect(cbbServerList.Text) '設(shè)置組集合的默認(rèn)屬性 ConnectedOPCServer.OPCGroups.DefaultGroupIsActive = True ConnectedOPCServ

10、er.OPCGroups.DefaultGroupDeadband = 0 '添加組 ConnectedGroup = ConnectedOPCServer.OPCGroups.Add() ConnectedGroup.UpdateRate = 3 * 1000 '刷新慮，用于下面的DataChange事件 ConnectedGroup.IsSubscribed = True '使用訂閱功能 '添加項(xiàng) GlobalOPCItems(0) = ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device.OpenCard&

11、quot;, 0) GlobalOPCItems(1) = ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device.CloseCard", 1) GlobalOPCItems(2) = ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device.CardNO", 2) RefreshServerStatus() '刷新服務(wù)器狀態(tài) Catch ex As Exception ConnectedOPCServer = Nothing MessageBox.Show("O

12、PC server connect failed : " + ex.Message, "OPCSample", MessageBoxButtons.OK) End Try ResetControlStatus() End If End Sub(五)  ：讀寫操作與事件控制讀寫操作包括同步和異步兩種操作方式，以下是這幾個(gè)方法的原型：Group的同步讀事件Sub SyncRead(ByVal Source As Short, ByVal NumItems As Integer, ByRef ServerHandles As System.Array, ByR

13、ef Values As System.Array, ByRef Errors As System.Array, Optional ByRef Qualities As Object = Nothing, Optional ByRef TimeStamps As Object = Nothing) Group的同步寫事件Sub SyncWrite(ByVal NumItems As Integer, ByRef ServerHandles As System.Array, ByRef Values As System.Array, ByRef Errors As System.Arr

14、ay) Group的異步讀事件Sub AsyncRead(ByVal NumItems As Integer, ByRef ServerHandles As System.Array, ByRef Errors As System.Array, ByVal TransactionID As Integer, ByRef CancelID As Integer) Group的異步寫事件Sub AsyncWrite(ByVal NumItems As Integer, ByRef ServerHandles As System.Array, ByRef Values As Sy

15、stem.Array, ByRef Errors As System.Array, ByVal TransactionID As Integer, ByRef CancelID As Integer)如果使用異步的讀寫操作，那么還需要實(shí)現(xiàn)Group中的ReadComplete和WriteComplete兩個(gè)事件Public Event AsyncReadComplete(ByVal TransactionID As Integer, ByVal NumItems As Integer, ByRef ClientHandles As System.Array, ByRef ItemValues

16、As System.Array, ByRef Qualities As System.Array, ByRef TimeStamps As System.Array, ByRef Errors As System.Array) Public Event AsyncWriteComplete(ByVal TransactionID As Integer, ByVal NumItems As Integer, ByRef ClientHandles As System.Array, ByRef Errors As System.Array)其他相關(guān)的重要事件包括：Group數(shù)據(jù)變化時(shí)的通

17、知事件Public Event DataChange(ByVal TransactionID As Integer, ByVal NumItems As Integer, ByRef ClientHandles As System.Array, ByRef ItemValues As System.Array, ByRef Qualities As System.Array, ByRef TimeStamps As System.Array) Group的異步取消事件Public Event AsyncCancelComplete(ByVal CancelID As Integer)

18、 Server（服務(wù)器）關(guān)閉通知事件Public Event ServerShutDown(ByVal Reason As String) 以下是這些實(shí)現(xiàn)的代碼段 '讀取卡片指定的塊號(hào)的值 Private Sub btnReadCard_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) If Not (ConnectedGroup Is Nothing) Then Try '獲取塊號(hào) Dim BlockNo As Short = CByte(ReadBlockNo.Text)

19、'如果要獲取數(shù)據(jù)的塊所對(duì)應(yīng)的項(xiàng)還沒有創(chuàng)建，就創(chuàng)建它 If GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo) Is Nothing Then GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo) = ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device.Block" & CStr(BlockNo), 200 + BlockNo) End If '準(zhǔn)備參數(shù)數(shù)組 Dim ServerResults As System.Array Dim ServerErrors As System.Array Dim S

20、erverHandles(1) As Integer ServerHandles(1) = GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo).ServerHandle '讀取值 ConnectedGroup.SyncRead(OPCAutomation.OPCDataSource.OPCDevice, 1, ServerHandles, ServerResults, ServerErrors) If ServerErrors(1) <> 0 Then MsgBox("Read Card Failed:" & ServerErrors(1)

21、 Else txtReadBlockNo.Text = ServerResults(1) End If Catch ex As Exception MessageBox.Show("OPC server Read Card failed: " + ex.Message, "OPCSample", MessageBoxButtons.OK) End Try End IfEnd Sub  '寫卡片指定塊的值 Private Sub btnWriteCard_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal

22、 e As System.EventArgs) If Not (ConnectedGroup Is Nothing) Then Try '獲取塊號(hào) Dim BlockNo As Short = CByte(WriteBlockNo.Text) '如果要寫入數(shù)據(jù)的塊所對(duì)應(yīng)的項(xiàng)還沒有創(chuàng)建，就創(chuàng)建它 If GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo) Is Nothing Then GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo) = ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device.Block" &

23、amp; CStr(BlockNo), 200 + BlockNo) End If '準(zhǔn)備參數(shù)數(shù)組 Dim ServerValues(1) As Object Dim ServerErrors As Array Dim ServerHandles(1) As Integer ServerHandles(1) = GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo).ServerHandle ServerValues(1) = txtWriteBlockNo.Text '寫入值 ConnectedGroup.SyncWrite(1, ServerHandles, Server

24、Values, ServerErrors) If ServerErrors(1) <> 0 Then MsgBox("Write Card Failed:" & ServerErrors(1) Else MsgBox("Write Card Succeed") End If Catch ex As Exception MessageBox.Show("OPC server Write Card failed: " + ex.Message, "OPCSample", MessageBoxButt

25、ons.OK) End Try End IfEnd Sub(六)  ：斷開服務(wù)器斷開服務(wù)器只要使用OPCServer的Disconnect方法幾個(gè)，以下是代碼段： '斷開到指定OPC服務(wù)器的連接 Private Sub btnDisconnectServer_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnDisconnectServer.Click If Not (ConnectedOPCServer Is Nothing) Then Try ConnectedOPCS

26、erver.Disconnect() Catch ex As Exception MessageBox.Show("OPC server disconnect failed: " + ex.Message, "OPCSample", MessageBoxButtons.OK) Finally ConnectedOPCServer = Nothing ResetControlStatus() End Try End IfEnd Sub(七)  ：相關(guān)鏈接非常好的一個(gè)OPC技術(shù)網(wǎng)站OPC基金會(huì)網(wǎng)址國內(nèi)的一個(gè)比較好的OPC網(wǎng)站(八)：全部源碼

27、0; 1Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices  2Public Class Form1Class Form1  3  4    Dim GlobalOPCServer As OPCAutomation.OPCServerClass  5    Dim WithEvents ConnectedOPCS

28、erver As OPCAutomation.OPCServerClass  6    Dim WithEvents ConnectedGroup As OPCAutomation.OPCGroupClass  7  8    Dim GlobalOPCItems(4) As OPCAutomation.OPCItem  9  

29、  Dim GlobalOPCBlockItems(64) As OPCAutomation.OPCItem 10 11 12    '枚舉OPC服務(wù)器列表 13    Private Sub Form1_Load()Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As&

30、#160;System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load 14        Try 15            GlobalOPCServer = New OPCAutomation.OPCServerClass() 16     

31、0;      Dim ServerList As Object = GlobalOPCServer.GetOPCServers 17            For index As Short = LBound(ServerList) To UBound(ServerList) 

32、;'加入控件列表中，注意這里使用LBound和UBound 18                cbbServerList.Items.Add(ServerList(index) 19            Next 20     

33、       If cbbServerList.Items.Count > 0 Then 21                cbbServerList.SelectedIndex = 0 22       

34、60;    End If 23            ResetControlStatus() '設(shè)置控件狀態(tài) 24            GlobalOPCServer = Nothing 25   

35、0;    Catch Ex As Exception 26            MessageBox.Show("List OPC servers failed: " + Ex.Message, "OPCSample", MessageBoxButtons.OK) 

36、27        End Try 28    End Sub 29 30    '連接到指定的OPC服務(wù)器 31    Private Sub btnConnectServer_Click()Sub btnConnectServer_Click(ByVal sender As&#

37、160;System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnConnectServer.Click 32        If cbbServerList.Text <> "" Then 33          

38、  ConnectedOPCServer = New OPCAutomation.OPCServerClass() 34            Try 35                ConnectedOPCServer.Connect(cbbS

39、erverList.Text) 36                '設(shè)置組集合的默認(rèn)屬性 37                ConnectedOPCServer.OPCGroups.DefaultGroupIsActive = 

40、True 38                ConnectedOPCServer.OPCGroups.DefaultGroupDeadband = 0 39                '添加組 40 

41、60;              ConnectedGroup = ConnectedOPCServer.OPCGroups.Add() 41                ConnectedGroup.UpdateRate = 3 *&#

42、160;1000 '刷新慮，用于下面的DataChange事件 42                ConnectedGroup.IsSubscribed = True '使用訂閱功能 43              

43、60; '添加項(xiàng) 44                GlobalOPCItems(0) = ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device.OpenCard", 0) 45           

44、     GlobalOPCItems(1) = ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device.CloseCard", 1) 46                GlobalOPCItems(2) = ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddIte

45、m("Reader_Device.CardNO", 2) 47                RefreshServerStatus() '刷新服務(wù)器狀態(tài) 48            Catch ex As Excepti

46、on 49                ConnectedOPCServer = Nothing 50                MessageBox.Show("OPC server connect&#

47、160;failed : " + ex.Message, "OPCSample", MessageBoxButtons.OK) 51            End Try 52            ResetControlStatus()

48、 53        End If 54    End Sub 55 56    '服務(wù)器斷開事件通知 57    Private Sub OnServerShutDown()Sub OnServerShutDown(ByVal Reason As String

49、) Handles ConnectedOPCServer.ServerShutDown 58        btnDisconnectServer_Click(Nothing, New EventArgs() 59    End Sub 60 61    Private Sub OnGroupDataChange()Sub

50、60;OnGroupDataChange(ByVal TransactionID As Integer, ByVal NumItems As Integer, ByRef ClientHandles As System.Array, ByRef ItemValues As System.Array, ByRef Qualities As System.Array, ByRef TimeS

51、tamps As System.Array) Handles ConnectedGroup.DataChange 62        For i As Integer = 1 To NumItems 63            If Qualities(i)&

52、#160;= OPCAutomation.OPCQuality.OPCQualityGood Then 64                Select Case ClientHandles(i) 65               

53、;     Case 2 66                        txtCardNo.Text = CStr(ItemValues(i) 67         

54、;           Case 200 '測(cè)試7張卡片 68                        txtValueBlock0.Text = CStr(ItemValues(i)&

55、#160;69                    Case 201 70                        txtValue

56、Block1.Text = CStr(ItemValues(i) 71                    Case 202 72                  &

57、#160;     txtValueBlock2.Text = CStr(ItemValues(i) 73                    Case 203 74           

58、             txtValueBlock3.Text = CStr(ItemValues(i) 75                    Case 204 76    

59、;                    txtValueBlock4.Text = CStr(ItemValues(i) 77                    C

60、ase 205 78                        txtValueBlock5.Text = CStr(ItemValues(i) 79             

61、       Case 206 80                        txtValueBlock6.Text = CStr(ItemValues(i) 81      

62、;              Case 207 82                        txtValueBlock7.Text = CStr(ItemValues(i)

63、 83                    Case Else 84 85                End Select 86 87  

64、60;         End If 88        Next 89    End Sub 90 91 92    '斷開到指定OPC服務(wù)器的連接 93    Private Sub btnDisc

65、onnectServer_Click()Sub btnDisconnectServer_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnDisconnectServer.Click 94        If Not (ConnectedOPCServer Is N

66、othing) Then 95            Try 96                ConnectedOPCServer.Disconnect() 97         

67、60;  Catch ex As Exception 98                MessageBox.Show("OPC server disconnect failed: " + ex.Message, "OPCSample", MessageBo

68、xButtons.OK) 99            Finally100                ConnectedOPCServer = Nothing101          &

69、#160;     ResetControlStatus()102            End Try103        End If104    End Sub105106    '開卡，并返回卡號(hào)107  

70、;  Private Sub btnOpenCard_Click()Sub btnOpenCard_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)108        If ConnectedGroup IsNot Nothing Then109  

71、60;         Try110                '準(zhǔn)備參數(shù)數(shù)組111                Dim ServerHandles(1) 

72、As Integer112                Dim ServerValues(1) As Object113                Dim ServerErrors As System.A

73、rray114                ServerHandles(1) = GlobalOPCItems(0).ServerHandle115                ServerValues(1) = 1116 &

74、#160;              '寫入值，用于執(zhí)行OpenCard的操作117                ConnectedGroup.SyncWrite(1, ServerHandles, ServerValues, ServerErrors)118

75、                If ServerErrors(1) <> 0 Then119                    MsgBox("OpenCardError:

76、 " & ServerErrors(1)120                End If121122                ServerHandles(1) = GlobalOPCItems(

77、2).ServerHandle123                Dim ServerResult As System.Array124                '讀取卡號(hào)125    

78、0;           ConnectedGroup.SyncRead(OPCAutomation.OPCDataSource.OPCDevice, 1, ServerHandles, ServerResult, ServerErrors)126                If

79、60;ServerErrors(1) <> 0 Then127                    MsgBox("ReadCardNoError: " & ServerErrors(1)128        

80、0;       Else129                    txtCardNo.Text = ServerResult(1)130              

81、  End If131            Catch ex As Exception132                MessageBox.Show("OPC server Open Card fail

82、ed: " + ex.Message, "OPCSample", MessageBoxButtons.OK)133            End Try134            ResetControlStatus()135   

83、60;    End If136    End Sub137138    '讀取卡片指定的塊號(hào)的值139    Private Sub btnReadCard_Click()Sub btnReadCard_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As Syste

84、m.EventArgs)140        If Not (ConnectedGroup Is Nothing) Then141            Try142               &#

85、160;'獲取塊號(hào)143                Dim BlockNo As Short = CByte(ReadBlockNo.Text)144                '如果要獲取數(shù)據(jù)的塊所對(duì)應(yīng)的

86、項(xiàng)還沒有創(chuàng)建，就創(chuàng)建它145                If GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo) Is Nothing Then146                    

87、GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo) = ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device.Block" & CStr(BlockNo), 200 + BlockNo)147                End If148   

88、0;            '準(zhǔn)備參數(shù)數(shù)組149                Dim ServerResults As System.Array150           

89、;     Dim ServerErrors As System.Array151                Dim ServerHandles(1) As Integer152            &#

90、160;   ServerHandles(1) = GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo).ServerHandle153                '讀取值154                Co

91、nnectedGroup.SyncRead(OPCAutomation.OPCDataSource.OPCDevice, 1, ServerHandles, ServerResults, ServerErrors)155                If ServerErrors(1) <> 0 Then156   

92、;                 MsgBox("Read Card Failed:" & ServerErrors(1)157                Else158  &

93、#160;                 txtReadBlockNo.Text = ServerResults(1)159                End If160     &#

94、160;      Catch ex As Exception161                MessageBox.Show("OPC server Read Card failed: " + ex.Message, "OPCSamp

95、le", MessageBoxButtons.OK)162            End Try163        End If164    End Sub165166    '寫卡片指定塊的值167    Privat

96、e Sub btnWriteCard_Click()Sub btnWriteCard_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)168        If Not (ConnectedGroup Is Nothing) Then169    

97、        Try170                '獲取塊號(hào)171                Dim BlockNo As Short =

98、 CByte(WriteBlockNo.Text)172                '如果要寫入數(shù)據(jù)的塊所對(duì)應(yīng)的項(xiàng)還沒有創(chuàng)建，就創(chuàng)建它173                If GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo) I

99、s Nothing Then174                    GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo) = ConnectedGroup.OPCItems.AddItem("Reader_Device.Block" & CStr(BlockNo), 200 +&#

100、160;BlockNo)175                End If176                '準(zhǔn)備參數(shù)數(shù)組177           

101、;     Dim ServerValues(1) As Object178                Dim ServerErrors As Array179              

102、;  Dim ServerHandles(1) As Integer180                ServerHandles(1) = GlobalOPCBlockItems(BlockNo).ServerHandle181           

103、60;    ServerValues(1) = txtWriteBlockNo.Text182                '寫入值183                ConnectedGroup.Sync

104、Write(1, ServerHandles, ServerValues, ServerErrors)184                If ServerErrors(1) <> 0 Then185             

105、       MsgBox("Write Card Failed:" & ServerErrors(1)186                Else187            &

106、#160;       MsgBox("Write Card Succeed")188                End If189            Catch ex As Exception190                MessageBox.Show("OPC server Write Card failed: " + ex.Message, "OPCSample",