初中英語音標發(fā)音規(guī)則_第1頁
初中英語音標發(fā)音規(guī)則_第2頁
初中英語音標發(fā)音規(guī)則_第3頁
初中英語音標發(fā)音規(guī)則_第4頁
初中英語音標發(fā)音規(guī)則_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩19頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領

文檔簡介

1、一、元音和輔音英語共有48個音素,其中元音20個,輔音28個。輔音和元音在英語中的作用,就相當于漢語中的聲母和韻母。記錄英語音素的符號叫做音標。元音:元音: 發(fā)音響亮,是樂音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節(jié)的主要組成部分.英語中有20個元音. (A)單元音a. 前元音:/ i: /, / i /, / e /, / / b. 中元音: / : /, / / c. 后元音:/ :/, / /, / u /, / u: /, /: /, / /(B) 雙元音 (8個): a.合口雙元音:/ ei /, / u /, / ai /, / au /, /Ri/ b. 集中雙元音:/ i /, / /, /

2、 u /B. 輔音: 發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節(jié)的重要組成部分,英語中有28個輔音. 輔音的分類:按其發(fā)音的方法分,有: a.爆破音 / p /, / b /, / t, / d /, / k /, / / b.摩擦音 / f /,/ v /,/,/ /,/ s /,/ z / c.破擦音 / t/,/ d /,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/ d.鼻音 / m / , / n /, / / e.旁流音(舌側音) / l / 巧記48個國際音標單元音共十二,四二六前中后。雙元音也好背,合口集中八個整。輔音共計二十八,八對一清又七濁,四個連對也包括。有氣無聲清輔音,有

3、聲無氣濁輔音,發(fā)音特點應掌握。單元音/ i: /-Ee /i:/i: 舌抵下齒,雙唇扁平作微笑狀,發(fā)“一”之長音。 此音是長元音,一定注意把音發(fā)足。Bb/bi:/、Cc/si:/、Dd/di:/ 、Gg/di:/、Tt/ti:/、Vv/vi:/i:是字母e、 ea、 ee、 ie、 ei在單詞中的發(fā)音(1) e we me he she be fever meter evening(2) ea eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean (3) ee three tree green sheep meet beef see see

4、k (4) ie piece (5) ei receive ceilingi -big /big/舌抵下齒,雙唇扁平分開,牙床近于全舌,發(fā)短促之“一”音, 發(fā)此音要短促而輕快。i是字母e、i、y在單詞中的發(fā)音, (1) e begin English pretty cinema decide delicious (2) i sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss(3)y boy city very sorry many twenty happy dictionarye -egg /eg/舌近硬鄂,舌尖頂下齒,牙床半開半

5、合,作微笑狀。 Ffef、Mmem、Nnen、Ssese是字母e、ea、a在單詞中的發(fā)音(1)e bed red let get leg pen elephant desk better (2)ea head bread pleasure(3)a many any / / -bag / bg / 雙唇扁平,舌前微升,舌尖抵住下齦,牙床開,軟鄂升起,唇自然開放。 是字母a在閉音節(jié)或重讀閉音節(jié)中的發(fā)音。bad am and at sad hand happy hat map mad black back glad flag man / : /-bird /b:d /: 舌上抬,唇成自然狀態(tài),口半開

6、半閉,發(fā)“厄”之長音。 是字母er、ir、or或ur在單詞中的發(fā)音(1) er her term (2) ir girl bird first third thirty shirt skirt birthday(3) or work word world(4) ur nurse turn hurt Thursday -today / tdei / 舌上抬,唇成自然狀態(tài),口半開半閉,發(fā)“厄”之短音。 是字母a、o、u、e、or、er、ur 或ar在單詞中的發(fā)音(1) a about above along America around banana Canada china(2) o toget

7、her tomorrow today police(3) u autumn(4) or doctor actor work homework housework vistor mirror forget (5) er father mother brother sister ruler water dinner driver farmer(6) ur surprise Saturday(8)ar dollar : -all :l雙唇界于開閉、圓唇之間,牙床半開漸至全開,舌尖卷上再過渡為卷后。 是字母o、al、ar、or、oar、our或oor在單詞中的發(fā)音(1) o story off(2)

8、al small wall talk tall hall ball call walk (3) ar warm quarter (4) au August autumn daughter(5) or for short sport more horse(6) oar board blackboard cardboard(7) our four your(8) oor door floor -box /bks/雙唇稍微向外突出圓形,舌后升起,舌尖不觸下齒,發(fā)“奧”音 是字母a、o在單詞中的發(fā)音(1)(w)a want wash watch what(2)o hot lot not on sorr

9、y u:-dodu: 雙唇成圓形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不觸下齒,自然而不用力,發(fā) “屋”之長音。 Uuju:Wwdblju:是字母o、u、oo或ou在單詞中的發(fā)音(1) o do to who two(2) u blue glue June(3) oo food room pool boot school too zoo(4) ou soup group through u -put/put/雙唇成圓形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不觸下齒,自然而不用力,發(fā)短促之“屋”音。 是字母u、oo或ou在單詞中的發(fā)音(1)o woman wolf(2)oo book look good foot wood (3)

10、oul could would should(4)u put sugar full push pull:-arm/:m/ Rr:雙唇張而不圓,牙床大開,舌后微升,舌尖向后升縮微離下齒,發(fā)阿之長音。(1)a fast class last glass plant (2)ar car farm card far garden party park - cup kp Wwdblju:雙唇平放,牙床半開,舌尖抵住下齦,舌后微微升起,發(fā)短促之“阿”音 是字母o或u在單詞中的發(fā)音(1)o come none love other son mother(2)oo blood flood(3)ou touch

11、 country enough young (4)u bus sun but cut up us run雙元音ei -Aaei舌類頂下齒,牙床半開半合,雙唇扁平,由發(fā)“哀”平穩(wěn)過渡到發(fā)“一”之長音。 Hhei、Jjdei、Kkkei是字母a在開音節(jié)中的讀音。a name cake game face late gate plane April ai rain train waitay day may okay play today say wayea great break ei(gh) eight eighteen eightyey they greyai -eye ai Yywai將口張開

12、略圓,舌后升起,舌尖向后收縮,由發(fā)“阿”音平穩(wěn)過渡到發(fā)“一”音。 是字母i或y在單詞中的讀音:(1)i bike fine find die nine light night high (2)y my try fly eyei-oil il 雙唇外突成圓形,發(fā)“奧”音逐漸過渡為雙唇扁平分開,發(fā)“一”之短音。 是字母oy和oi在單詞中的讀音(1)oy boy toy joy (2)oi soil voice choice point au -out aut將口張開略圓,漸漸合攏,雙唇成圓形,由發(fā)“阿”音平穩(wěn)過渡到發(fā)“屋”音。 是字母ou和ow在單詞中的發(fā)音(1)ou out about hous

13、e blouse loudow how now cow townu-old uld Oou口半開半合,舌后微升,過渡成雙唇成圓形,發(fā)“歐”之長音。 是字母o、oa和ow在單詞中的發(fā)音(1)o go no nose home open (2)oa goat boat coat(3)ow show know yellow window owner snowi-ear i 雙唇張開岈床由窄至半開舌抵下齒逐漸過渡至上卷,從“一”音過渡到“厄”音。 是字母ear、ere、ea、eer在單詞中的讀音(1)ea real idea (2)ear ear hear dear near clear(3)eer

14、deer cheer beer (4)ere here -air 雙唇張開后略圓,牙床張開相當寬,舌尖卷上漸至卷后。 是字母air、are、ear、ere在單詞中的讀音air air hair chair fairare care hare parentear pear wear bearere there whereu-hour 雙唇成圓形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不觸下齒,發(fā)“屋”之長音,然后從“屋”音過渡到“厄”音。 是字母our、oor、ure、eer在單詞中的讀ure sure oor poor our tour元音/i:/ fee feed feet tea sea seek/ fit

15、did dick pig pill pity/e/ bed better beg bell best said/ lab lack bag back banner flag/:/ car card bar bath far father/ bus sum supper run rush rubber/:/ door four form saw sought sorter/ / song sock sorry long loss dog/ u:/ two tool soon blue school goose/ u/ good book stood fool cook put/:/ sir se

16、rve surface stir turn were/ again above arrive reader editor/e/ pay pain pace say save rain/a/ why wide eye ice lie line/ joy join boy point coin choice/ beer fear hear here real theatre/e/ air care dare bear there dairy/ u/ tour tourist poor sure during/u / low load hoe home hope know/au / now mous

17、e loud mouth allow 輔音/p/ park pig path lamp sleep cap/b/ bed lab book bit best job/t/ tea tell meet hat spite waiter/d/ desk date dice and find red/k/ key kiss keep cake ink week/g/ gate game get egg ago leg/f/ fat fast feel first leaf wife/v/ very vast verb believe have brave/s/ see seek son snow b

18、us less/z/ zoo zero zeal lays size eyes/ think thank thing cloth breath/ this that then breathe with bathe/ sheep share shave push crash/ measure pleasure treasure occasion/t/ chair cheap rich reach catch/d/ jeep joke Jane large orange/tr/ tree trip try train trade translate/dr/ dress dry drive drop

19、 dream draw/ts/ treats streets waits gets meets/dz/ words birds kinds aids leads/h/ head heart how high hand/r/ rose rice read river rain pretty/m/ make much month member same/n/ nice north name need soon/ ink think thank angry thing sing/j/ yard yes yet year your yellow/ w/ word would world wake wi

20、ndow/ let life lake bell silk fool音節(jié)音素: 音的最小單位,英語中有48個音素. 音節(jié): 由元音和輔音構成的發(fā)音單位.開音節(jié): 1)輔音+元音+輔音+不發(fā)音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2) 輔音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 閉音節(jié): 1)輔音+元音+輔音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2) 元音+輔音 如: it is of in on up out ant A chicken is

21、 in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house. A mouse is in the cats mouth. A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea 1 元音: 1) i: 字母組合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling 2) 發(fā)音字母 i y e sit ture it is li

22、st six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) 發(fā)音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) e 字母組合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) : 字母

23、組合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) 字母組合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gra

24、cious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7) a: 字母組合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) : 發(fā)音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch f

25、un gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood 9) 字母組合 al or au our ar small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10) 發(fā)音字母 o a hot lost l

26、ot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch 11) u: 字母組合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude 12) 字母組合 oo ou u o look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf 13) ei 發(fā)音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane Apr

27、il play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey 14) ai 發(fā)音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye 15) au 字母組合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16) u 發(fā)音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low

28、below grow blow show flow boat coat goal 17) 字母組合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) i 字母組合 eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea 19) 字母組合ear air ere pear bear chair air fair there where care 20) u 字母組合our ower hour tour flower shower 2 容易混淆的元音 A e bad bed hand head man men land lend p

29、an pen sad said i: ei real rail greet great mean main read raid e ai bet bite red write said side head hide aU R: house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn aU Q found fond down done gown gone town ton AQ fan fun tan tun san son tank tun 3輔音 1) pen pear play pig pour pull push

30、 2) book big boot bike bread break 3) t tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) d door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) k king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (發(fā)音字母k) card cat cream correct climb come account accept (發(fā)音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (發(fā)音字母x) school schedule schema (字母組合ch) 6) g girl g

31、ood goal goat grade long language 7) m man make moon morning move come comb 8) n pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) N uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening 10) l long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) r read red right run room write 12) f fi

32、ve fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) v very evening even every voice vest of 14) s six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (發(fā)音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (發(fā)音字母c) piece juice science lance space ace (字母組合ce) 15) z zoo zebra

33、 zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) W think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17) T that this those these though 18) F sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure 19) V pleasure 20) h hot hop home house horse how who 21) w when what where win

34、dow wind wood 22) j yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) tF child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24) dV age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) tr tree country try treat track trunk 26) dr dry dream drop drive drink 27) ts students boots boats goat

35、s nuts 28) dz goods woods moods hoods 1 字母q總是與u在一起,讀做/kw/, 此處u不作元音. 2 字母c在字母e, y, i前讀做/s/ (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前讀做/k/(cut, cap, cop). 3 字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以讀做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不讀做/j/(get, girl, give); 其它字母之前的g讀做/g/(gate, go, gust). 4 元音a, e, o, u在音節(jié)結尾(開音節(jié))一般讀做字母音(長音a, e, o, u),

36、有助于學生正確劃分并拼讀元音字母+輔音字母+元音字母的不熟悉單詞(re portrather than rep ort). 5 字母i和y經(jīng)常讀做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可讀做I(silent, my, type). 6 一個英語單詞用字母y而不是i的結尾(my, by). 7 有五種情況末尾的字母e不發(fā)音.(如me, she, 和 he的短單詞末尾的字母e讀做e, 較長的單詞末尾的e不發(fā)音) 尾字母e不發(fā)音應該被認為是”having a job” (承擔一項工作) 7.1 bake gene time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母發(fā)字母音. 7.2 love

37、give blue true 使我們不要以一個v和一個u結束一個單詞. 7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c讀軟音/j/和/s/. 7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一個音節(jié)沒有一個元音字母. 7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 這一條被Spalding女士叫做無工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并說前四條之外的不發(fā)音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e. 7.5.1 使一個不是復數(shù)形式的單詞不要以s結尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是

38、purs, false 不是 fals). 7.5.2 加長短的主意詞(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye 7.5.3 區(qū)分同音異形詞的含義. 如or/ore for/fore. 7.5.4 中英語和外來語中(那里的尾字母e是要發(fā)音的)留下來的, 現(xiàn)在不發(fā)音. 如treatise giraffe 8.有五種字母組合發(fā)/er/的音/, 記住下面的句子. Her nurse first works early. 這個句子是按英語用法中的降序排列的. 另外,or在w后業(yè)可以發(fā)/er/的音. 還要記住有些詞尾的ar和or也發(fā)/er/的音.如dollar, doctor. 9. 1-1

39、-1規(guī)則: 單音節(jié)單詞中, 結尾是單元音加單個輔音的, 在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化時, 需要將末尾的輔音字母再寫一次再加詞尾變化.(如hop-hop ped). 但是詞尾是x除外, 因為它由兩個音/ks/. 10. 2-1-1規(guī)則: 雙音節(jié)詞中, 結尾是單元音加單個輔音的, 在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化時, 需要將末尾的輔音字母再寫一次再加詞尾變化(be gin- be gin + ning). 第二個音節(jié)不重讀的不能雙寫末尾輔音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get). 11. 去e規(guī)則, 以不發(fā)音的e結尾的單詞在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化是需要去掉末尾不發(fā)音的e.(come-c

40、oming) 12. 是ie還是ei? 一般情況下, 應該是ie, 但是1) c之后用ei; 2)發(fā)字母a的音時, 用ei(neighbor, weigh, vein). 還有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either weird protein heifer: 13. 音素sh用在一個基本詞的開頭或是結尾(she, dish), 還用在一個音節(jié)的結尾(fin ish), 但絕對不會在后一個音節(jié)的開頭, 除非是以ship結尾(wor ship, friend ship). 14. 音素si, ti, ci最常用在一個基本詞的第二及以后的開頭, 發(fā)音/sh/. 常常可以通過考察詞根和根詞來確定發(fā)/sh/時用

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論