透析中考英語語法賓語從句考點(diǎn)

1、透析中考英語語法賓語從句考點(diǎn)【語法概說】 【賓語從句命題趨勢(shì)】中考對(duì)賓語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：1. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；2. 賓語從句的語序；3. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)?！究键c(diǎn)詮釋】       賓語從句在初中英語語法中有著相當(dāng)重要的地位，幾乎每年的中考都有對(duì)賓語從句不同角度的考查。筆者認(rèn)真研讀了近年來有關(guān)賓語從句的中考題，發(fā)現(xiàn)其考查的重點(diǎn)一般都集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：一、連接詞賓語從句的連接詞分為三類：1. 引導(dǎo)陳述句用that（在口語或非正式文體中常常省略）。2. 引導(dǎo)一般疑問句用if或whether。注意：下列幾種情

2、況通常使用whether：（1）在具有選擇意義又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether；（2）在介詞之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。3. 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞。一Excuse me，could you tell me_?There's a bank on the second floorYou can make it there黃岡市A where I can change money B how I can get to the bankC if there's a bank near here

3、 Dwhere the bank is答案A解析考查賓語從句的連詞用法。根據(jù)上下問可知應(yīng)選A。 二、語序       在含賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，不管主句是陳述句還是疑問句，從句一律是用“連接詞陳述句語序”，其標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)由主句來決定。 1-Do you know _now? 一In the People's Hotel北京市A where is Tom working B where did Tom workCwhere Tom is working Dwhere Tom worked答案C解析考查賓語從句要用陳述句語序。

4、賓語從句要注意兩點(diǎn)：從句用陳述句語序；前后時(shí)態(tài)要一致。故排除A、B，D時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，故選C。三、時(shí)態(tài)1. 如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可視情況使用任何一種相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。2. 如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語從句必須使用過去相應(yīng)的某一種時(shí)態(tài)。3. 如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句是用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)習(xí)慣上都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could / would用于“請(qǐng)求”，表示委婉、客氣的語氣時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的約束。 Excuse me, could you tell me when _the new Olympi

5、c Center? 沈陽市 A are we visited B will we visit C we are visited D we will visit答案D。 解析考查賓語從句的用法。從句要用陳述句語序，而且時(shí)態(tài)要與主句一致。從句意看本句不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故排除A、c。本題考查的是以when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。B沒用陳述句語序，故排除，此處could只表委婉的語氣，并不表過去。-Could you tell me whom the radio _by? 一Sorry，I have no idea福州市A invents B invented C is invented Dwas invent

6、ed答案D。解析考查賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。從句中的主語是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這樣A、B兩項(xiàng)可以排除。我們還應(yīng)考慮到，收音機(jī)的“發(fā)明”一定是過去的事情，所以該句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)是一般過去時(shí)，謂語的構(gòu)成為“waswere+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。（年河北）I didnt understand _, so I raised my hand to ask. A. what my teacher says   B. what does my teacher say C. what my teacher said   D. what

7、 did my teacher say 答案為C。本題為賓語從句，由于需要用陳述語序可排除B、D；另外，主句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，則從句也要用對(duì)應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，故還可排除A。四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移       當(dāng)賓語從句表示否定的意義時(shí)，若主句主語為第一人稱且謂語動(dòng)詞是think / believe / suppose / expect等時(shí)，應(yīng)在主句上加以否定。五、簡(jiǎn)化       賓語從句在一定條件下，可以簡(jiǎn)化為“特殊疑問詞+不定式”、“it +形容詞+不定式短語”、復(fù)合賓語、動(dòng)

8、詞不定式（名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞或副詞、過去分詞）短語、名詞和過去分詞等。I dont know what I should do with the letter. （改為簡(jiǎn)單句）（年山東煙臺(tái)）I dont know what _ _ with the letter.       答案與解析：答案為to do。當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是know，learn，forget，remember等，其后接疑問詞（連接代詞副詞）引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，且該從句的主語與主句的主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化成“疑問詞（連接代詞副詞+不定式（短語）”結(jié)構(gòu)，故空白處填to d

9、o。六、注意點(diǎn)       if / when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的意思和用法的不同。if / when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，意思分別為“是否”和“何時(shí)”，此時(shí)它們的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況而定。if和when引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，意思分別為“如果”和“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，此時(shí)如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句部分則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。七、綜合考查-Did Mr White tell you_-?-Yes. He said he went there in 2003. 福州市A. when he traveled to Tibet B

10、. how he goes to WuhanC. Where he spent his holidays D. why did he visit Kunming答案A。 解析考查賓語從句。when詢問時(shí)間，how詢問方式，where詢問地點(diǎn)，why詢問原因。由答語“He said he went here in 2003”可知，前面應(yīng)是詢問動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間?！菊Z法回顧】賓語從句賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以

11、省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他說他想呆在家里。She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.她不知道她病得很嚴(yán)重。I am sure (that) he will succeed.我確信他會(huì)成功。2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他們

12、在等誰嗎？He asked whose handwriting was the best.他問誰的書法最好。Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 你能告訴我3路公共汽車站在哪兒?jiǎn)?？I dont know why the train is late.我不知道火車為什么晚了。I can't imagine why he did that thing我不能想像他為什么做了那件事。Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month? 你知道我們?yōu)槭裁窗堰\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲到下個(gè)月

13、嗎? 以上兩個(gè)例句的賓語從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問句，分別為：why did he do that thing?和Why have you put off the sports meet till next month?由于賓語從句要求陳述句語序，故而在從句中它變成了陳述語序。請(qǐng)看下列兩組句子：How much does this coat cost? 這件衣服值多少錢? I want to know how much this coat costs我想知道這件衣服值多少錢。Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪兒了?Please tell me where you w

14、ent yesterday請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天去哪兒了。 當(dāng)疑問代詞what，who在特殊疑問句中做主語時(shí)，該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序，所以當(dāng)該句用來做賓語時(shí)，語序不需要調(diào)整。What's wrong with you? 怎么了?He asked the girl what was wrong with her他問這個(gè)女孩怎么回事了。What's the matter? 怎么了?He asked the girl what was the matter他問這個(gè)女孩怎么了。What has happened to him? 他發(fā)生什么事了?We want to know what

15、has happened to him我們想知道他發(fā)生了什么事。同類句式還有：Who broke the window? 誰打破的窗戶?Who is in the classroom? 誰在教室里?What made him so angry什么使得他如此生氣。3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。表示“是否”，二者通?？梢曰Q。例如： Lily asked if/whether she liked it.莉莉問她是否喜歡它。I want to know if (whether) he lives there.我想知道他是否住在這兒。He asked me whether (if) I

16、could help him.他問我是否可以幫助他。但語義有點(diǎn)區(qū)別：1）whether強(qiáng)調(diào)猶豫和選擇，多見于書面語中；if 只限于條件，常用于口語。例如：Write and tell me whether I'm to come. 請(qǐng)寫信告訴我，我是否該來。Write and tell me if I'm to come. 如果我該來，請(qǐng)寫信告訴我（相當(dāng)于說：若我不必來，那就不用費(fèi)心寫信給我了。）2）whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從名和讓步狀語從句，if 只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句和條件狀語從句。由if引導(dǎo)的從句，首先要弄清楚是賓語從句，還是條件狀語從句，然后再確定時(shí)態(tài)。若是引導(dǎo)條件狀語

17、從句，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在（過去）時(shí)代替一般將來（過去將來）時(shí)。例如：If you don't go soon, youll be late.如果你不馬上去就會(huì)遲到。當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去式（如果是be, 則不論主語的人稱和數(shù)，一律用were）,主句謂語動(dòng)詞用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每個(gè)國民都懂得急救（的知識(shí)），許多生命就會(huì)得以挽救。3）whether和if都可以與or no連用。但if與or not之間常需

18、要用詞語隔開，而whether與or not可連用，也可隔開。例如：Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=Can you tell me whether the train has left or not?)你能告訴我火車是否離開了嗎?I don't care if your car breaks down or not .我不在乎你的汽車是否壞了。4）下列情況，只用whether作引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句、讓步狀語從句。例如：Whether he comes or not doesn't co

19、ncern me.他來不來與我無關(guān)。I am in doubt whether I ought to give this plan my approval.我決定不了是否該同意這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。What I want to know is whether you can help me.我想知道的是你是否能幫助我。Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.不管我們是走還是留，其結(jié)果是一樣的。5）與不定式連用：例如：I don't know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是該接受還是該拒絕。6）在介詞后作介賓。例

20、如：I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。4think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等表示“認(rèn)為”、“猜想”等的動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句1）否定轉(zhuǎn)移 在以上動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句中，有時(shí)謂語盡管是否定含義，卻不用否定形式，而把主句中的上述動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?，這就叫否定轉(zhuǎn)移。I don't think the book is worth buying我認(rèn)為這本書不值得買。I don't believe they have finished their work我相

21、信他們并未完成他們的工作。I don't suppose he cares我猜想他們不會(huì)介意的。We don't expect they will have everything done我們希望他們沒有把事全做完。2）存在這種否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象的句了在作反意疑問句時(shí)，具有如下特點(diǎn)： 在賓語從句中，如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等，主句主語是第一人稱以外的人稱時(shí)，反意疑問句應(yīng)針對(duì)主句。You don't think he can finish his work, do you? 你認(rèn)為他不能完成他的工作，是嗎?He

22、doesn't believe that we have come back，does he? 他認(rèn)為我們還沒回來呢，是嗎? 但是如果主句主語是第一人稱時(shí)，反意疑問詞部分的主語和時(shí)態(tài)要與賓語從句保持一致，并注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。I don't think you are an actor，are you? 我認(rèn)為你不是一個(gè)演員，是嗎?I suppose you have been to Beijing，haven't you ?我想你去過北京。是嗎? 另外，當(dāng)think ，suppose，believe，imaging，guess這類表示“認(rèn)為”、“猜想”的動(dòng)詞作主句謂語時(shí)，常

23、會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種以疑問詞起頭的雙重疑問句。What do you think he is? 你認(rèn)為他是做什么的?How much time do you suppose I must spend on it? 你認(rèn)為我得花多少時(shí)間來做這件事?二. 賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.我聽說物理不容易。I think (that) you will like this school soon.我認(rèn)為你不久會(huì)喜歡這所學(xué)校。Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 你能告訴我怎么到動(dòng)物園嗎？P

24、lease tell me when well have the meeting.請(qǐng)告訴我我們什么時(shí)候開會(huì)。三. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)1若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，則從句的時(shí)態(tài)不限可視句子意義使用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。例如：We all know chicken can't swim.我們都知道雞不會(huì)游泳。Don't you think Jim is speaking too quick.難道你不認(rèn)為吉姆講的太快了嗎？He says he will come back.他說他會(huì)回來。2若主句是祈使句，從句謂語動(dòng)詞也可用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。例如：Show me which picture

25、 is yours.讓我看看哪張照片是你的。Please tell us where we will go.請(qǐng)告訴我要去哪里。3若主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句必須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某一種。例如：I knew she had swept the floor already.我知道她已經(jīng)掃過地了。He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.他問我昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候是否在做作業(yè)。4若從句敘述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或永恒不變的規(guī)律時(shí)，則不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Our teacher told us light travels much

26、 faster than sound.老師告訴我們光傳播的速度比聲音快得多。They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.他們那時(shí)就知道太陽比地球大得多，He said that one and one makes two.他說一加一等于二。 【語法過關(guān)】1- Could you tell us how long _?  - About three days. A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last C. will the sports meeti

27、ng last D. the sports meeting will last2I want to know_, A. what is his name B what's his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 3Parents are taught to understand_important education is to their childrens future.(2004廣東卷)A. that B. how C. such D. so 4I wonder _ they will come here with tom

28、orrow. A. whether B. when C. who D. how 5-Could you tell me _? -I'm not sure. A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 6. - Can I help you? - Yes. I'd like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me_ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 7.-Could you let me know _ yesterday? -Because the traffic was heavy. A. why did you come late B. why you came late C. why do you come late D. why you come l