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1、Basic Concepts We Need to UnderstandI. Words1、名詞(n):表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱。名詞可以分為專有名詞&普通名詞 專有名詞是表示人名、地名、特殊事物名稱等的特有名詞,它的第一個字母要大寫,如: _普通名詞又可分為下面四類:個體名詞(Individual Nouns):表示某類人或東西中的個體,如:_集體名詞(Collective Nouns):表示若干個個體組成的集合體, 如:_物質(zhì)名詞(Material Nouns):表示無法分為個體的實物,如:_抽象名詞(Abstract Nouns):表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念,

2、 如:_2、代詞(pro):主要用來代替名詞。主要分為幾類人稱代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱主格賓格主格賓格主格賓格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)物主代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)疑問代詞:_反身代詞:_不定代詞:_指示代詞:_3、動詞(v.):表示動作或狀態(tài)。一般分為以下幾類:*實義動詞,也叫“行為動詞”,顧名思義,就是有實際意義,表達(dá)實際動作的動詞,實義動詞又分為“及物動詞”和“不及物動詞”兩類?!凹拔飫釉~”表達(dá)的動作可以施加在別的人或事物身上,如:_而“不及物動詞”則正相反,它所表達(dá)的動作不能施加在別的人或事物身上,如:_*系動詞:亦稱聯(lián)系動詞(Link Verb

3、)。有些不具詞義;有些具有詞義,但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語,后邊必須跟表語,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。系動詞分類如下:A. be動詞,包括_等形式。B. 感官動詞The picture looks nice. (_) Your idea sounds great. (_)Roses smell good. (_) Ice feels cold. (_)Beijing Roast Duck tastes delicious. (_) C. 其他動詞(半系動詞, 后面直接加形容詞)Please keep quiet. Trees become green in spring. *情態(tài)動

4、詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,但要與動詞原形及其被動語態(tài)一起使用,給謂語動詞增添情態(tài)色彩,表示說話人對有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法,認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。情態(tài)動詞后面加動詞原形。如:我能進(jìn)來嗎?_我不會游泳。_*助動詞, 不能獨(dú)立作謂語,只能作主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語,表示否定、疑問、時態(tài)或其他語法形式。我不知道。_你有手表嗎?_I have done my homework. _ I will go to Beijing tomorrow. _4、形容詞(adj.):表示人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征。 我們的英語老師個子高。_ 我是個好學(xué)生。_5、副詞(adv.):修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞,說明時間、地

5、點、程度等。 他跑得快。_這湯很燙。_ 她英語說得非常好。_ 咱們回家吧。_6、數(shù)詞, 主要分為以下幾類*基數(shù)詞, dozen_, score_ ,百_, 千_,百萬_,十億_871365589824_注意:表示確切數(shù)目時不能加“s”,如:五萬人_但在表示不確切數(shù)目時,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:數(shù)十人_ 數(shù)百萬美元_*序數(shù)詞,是指表示順序的數(shù)詞,請從“第一”寫到“第二十四”:_*編號有兩種表示法: (1)名詞基數(shù): 第一課_ (2) 定冠詞序數(shù)詞名詞,第一課:_*分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞合成,分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于一時,分母的序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:1 (_), 3½ (_),

6、5¼ (_) *小數(shù)點讀_,零讀o或zero,小數(shù)點后的數(shù)字按個位基數(shù)詞依次讀出。0.6543 _*百分?jǐn)?shù)由_表示。7、冠詞(art.):用在名詞前,幫助說明名詞。只有三個:_.8、介詞(prep.):表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。如: 我們八點開始上課。_那本書在桌子下面。_9、連詞(conj.):連詞屬于虛詞之一,它不能在句子里獨(dú)立地?fù)?dān)任句子成分,而只能起連接作用-連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子。例如:數(shù)學(xué)和英語都很難。_語文課是在上午還是在下午?_我是初一的學(xué)生,我在學(xué)校上學(xué)。_*連詞主要可分成兩類:1) 并列連詞用來連接平行對等的詞、詞組、或分句。按其表示的

7、不同意思有下面幾種:*表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思 _*表示因果關(guān)系_*表示并列關(guān)系_ 2) 從屬連詞(Subordinating Conjunctions) 從屬連詞是用來引起從句的,它在主句和從句中間起連接作用。10、感嘆詞(int.):表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情。如:oh well hi .單詞有十類,口訣要記牢:“名代形數(shù)冠,動副介連感”。II. Sentence Components 1、主語,是句子所要說的人或事物,通常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如:He is not our teacher. 2、謂語,動詞是說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)的,主要由動詞擔(dān)任。如:Jack cleans the room. 3、賓語,

8、表示及物動詞的對象或結(jié)果,常用名詞或代詞。如:He can spell the word.4、定語,修飾名詞或代詞,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任。如:Shanghai is a big city.5、狀語,用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,通常由副詞擔(dān)任, 一般有時間、地點、原因、條件、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、方式、伴隨狀語。如:He works hard. You look much better.6、補(bǔ)語,一般用于主語或賓語后,對其起補(bǔ)充說明作用。The good news makes me happy.We call him Mr. Wang.7、表語,在系動詞之后,說明主語的身份或特征,常由名詞

9、、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任,如:My name is Pingping. The weather today is good. 8、 同位語,通常緊跟在名詞或代詞后面,進(jìn)一步說明這個名詞或代詞的情況。如:Where is your classmate Tom? The famous pop star, Jay Chou, will come to Tianjin. III. Basic Sentence Structures1. +(vi.) (主謂結(jié)構(gòu))我每天起床很早。_.2. + (主系表結(jié)構(gòu)) 表語總是放在系動詞后,并與系動詞共同構(gòu)成謂語。 這幅畫很漂亮。_我是學(xué)生。_ 大家都在這里了嗎?_你媽

10、媽看起來很年輕。_3. +(vt.) + (主謂賓)我喜歡流行音樂。_ 我通常晚上寫作業(yè)。_4. +(vt.)+ (主謂間賓直賓) 有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語,一個指物,一個指人。指物的叫直接賓語,指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如:我爸爸給我買了一份生日禮物。_ 喬老師教我們英語。_你能告訴我去郵局的路嗎?_有時也可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前,如:Please give me that book. = Please give that book to meMy father bought me a birthday gift. = _5. +(vt.)+ (主謂賓賓補(bǔ))

11、我們都叫她高老師。_我媽媽想讓我將來當(dāng)醫(yī)生._The teacher tells us not to cheat on test. _Dont leave the door open. _We made her monitor of the class. _IV. Exercises 分析下列各句的句子成分。1. The traffic accident killed 2 people.2. Mary goes to Shanghai to see a friend.3. She started crying4. That movie will come out this September.

12、 5. We gave our congratulations( _) to him. = _6. I knowfrom her look(表情) that she is unhappy.7. He wasadopted(收養(yǎng)) when he was 13.8. His hand feels cold.9. We will visit Britain this summer.10. She told methatshe had seen that film.11. By now, I have got all the books I need.12. She told me that she

13、 would go on a trip to Europe next year.13The story you told me yesterday was very interesting.14. The famous writer, Yu Qiuyu, will come to our school tomorrowExercises for Starter II. Multiple Choices( ) 1. Mr. Green is _ teacher. He is _English teacher. A. a; a B. a; an C. an; a D. an; an ( ) 2.-

14、Whats this in English? -_A.Its a desk. B. Its desk. C. It a desk. D. Is a desk.( ) 3. -Is this a picture? -_A.Yes, it isnt. B. Yes, it is. C. No, it is. D. No, isnt.( ) 4. This is a girl. _name is Lily. A. His B. She C. Her D. Its( ) 5. I _ a girl. My name _ Wang Hong. A. am; is B. is; am C. is; is

15、D. am; am( ) 6.- Can you swim? -_A.Yes, I can. B. Yes, I cant. C. No, I can. D. No, cant.( ) 7.- Which class are you in? -I am in _.A. Class 1 B. class 1 C. class One D. Class one( ) 8.-Where _ you from? -Im _Beijing.A. is, at B. are, from C. are, in D. am, to( ) 9.-Whose chair is this? -Its _chair.

16、A. She B. I C. my D. me( ) 10. -_is Tony? - He is ten years old. A. What B. Where C. How old D. Which( ) 11. - _ do you want to see the pandas?- Because they are cute. A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Who( ) 12. Will you please let us _ the animals? A. to have a lookB. have a lookC. to have a look atD. have

17、a look at( ) 13. The students are busy _ trees and flowers. A. to plantB. plantingC. plantedD. plant( ) 14. What day is today? - _ A. Its May 4thB. Its MondayC. Its a fine dayD. Fine day, isnt it? ( ) 15. - _ your name and _ you from? - My name is Tom and Im from China. A. What, where B. Whats, wher

18、e are C. What are, Where are D. What are, wheres II. Cloze In the universe, there is the earth, the moon the sun the stars and all other things too far away to see. The earth is one of the suns _1_, and the moon is our satellite. The moon is about three hundred and eighty thousand kilometers away 2

19、the earth, but its our 3_ neighbor in space. It 4 _more than three days to get there by spaceship. No man 5_ farther than the moon, but spaceships 6 people have reached other planets. Of_7 _the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 8 other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. They l

20、ook small only _9_ they are much farther away. You _10_ see them in the daytime. But if you go out at night, youll be able to see many of them.( ) 1. A. starsB. planetsC. satellitesD. planet( ) 2. A. over B. belowC. down D. from( ) 3. A. nearer B. the nearerC. nearestD. the nearest( ) 4. A. takesB.

21、tookC. takenD. taking( ) 5. A. travelB. travelledC. has travelledD. have travelled( ) 6. A. withB. withoutC. for D. to( ) 7. A. allB. someC. manyD. any( ) 8. A. Thousand of B. Hundred of C. Million of D. Millions of( ) 9. A. whenB. becauseC. if D. for( ) 10. A. mustB. mustntC. canD. cantIII. Reading

22、 ComprehensionsI. Lily and Li Tao are twin brothers. They look the same. Theyre Chinese. Jim is an English boy. Hes their classmate. Hes twelve. His sisters name is Joy. She is thirteen. They are in No. 12 Middle School. They are good friends. Oh, Jim has a cat. It name is Kitty. He likes it very mu

23、ch.( ) 1. Jim and Li Tao are _.A. brothers B. new students C. classmates D. twins( ) 2. Joy is _.A. a Chinese girl B. a Japanese girl C. English D. an American girl( ) 3.How old are the twins?A. I dont know. B. They are twelve. C. They are thirteen. D. They are Chinese.( ) 4. Jim has_.A. a cat named

24、 Mimi B. a cat named KittyC. a bird named Polly D. a dog II. At midnight on New Years Eve, people in Rome, Italy, throw out all the things they dont want to use any longer. The streets are filled with old chairs, beds, clothes and dishes. In Madrid, Spain, the New Year comes in more quickly. People

25、come together to the main square. Each holds a bag of grapes. As the clock strikes twelve, the people eat grapes one for each stroke. In Tokyo, people eat noodles on New Years Eve. This food is said to bring long life. Early the next morning, some Japanese families climb Mount Fuji. There they watch

26、 the first sunrise of the new year. ( ) 1. This story is about New Years Eve in _A. ItalyB. SpainC. JapanD. All over the world( ) 2. People in both Spain and Japan _ to bring in the new year.A. throw things away B. get together in the main squareC. eat some kinds of foodD. climb mountains( ) 3. Peop

27、le climb Mount Fuji to _. A. look at the starsB. look for new years flowersC. see the sunriseD. have some exercise( ) 4. The people who hope to get long life from their New Years food are _.A. JapaneseB. ChineseC. SpanishD. Italians( ) 5. People in Madrid welcome New Years Eve by eating at least _ g

28、rapes.A. oneB. twelveC. fourteenD. tenIV. Language Studies. I. 1.My names Daming. (劃線提問)_?2.Im eleven years old.(劃線提問)_?3.Shes from Shanghai(劃線提問)_?4.Is Mary in Class One? (作否定回答)_,_.5.Are Daming and Lingling Chinese? (肯定回答)_, _.6.Nice to meet you. (作回答)_,_.II. ( )1. Good afternoon! A.Theres only on

29、e .( )2. Is your father a doctor ? B.Thank you .( )3. Whose book is this ? C.Its red.( )4Thanks very much . D. Theres a dog.( )5.What color is her bike ? E.How do you do ?( )6.Please sit down. F.Good afternoon!( )7.Which is Jims shirt ? G.Youre welcome .( )8.How many boats are there on the river? H.

30、Its mine.( )9. How do you do ? I No, hes a worker.( )10.Whatunder the big tree ? J.The white one.III. Fill in the blanks with the right forms of “Be”1Who _your parents?2Our English teachers _at school. They _at home.3What _that over there? I think it _ a cat.4There _a kite in the sky.5_you Han Mei?

31、No, I _, I _Ma Lili.6These _my pencils. Where _your pencil?7. What_under the desk? There_some boxes ,but there _any rulers under it.8There _any trees in the factory, but there_ a building in it.9_there a bag and a table in your home? No, there_.10. This _an American teacher and she _from England.Exe

32、rcises for Starter III. Multiple Choices1. Tom is in _.A. Class One B.Class one C. class one D. the Class One2. His name is John Smith. We can call him _. A. Mr. John B. Mr. Smith C. Mr. John White D. Miss Smith3. Thank _ me to your party.A. you for askingB. for your askingC. you to askD. you for as

33、k4. _ delicious they are!A. whatB. howC. how a D. what a5. Lingling can play _ basketball and play _ piano.A. the, the B. /, the C. /, / D. the, /6. What are your _ jobs?A. parents B. parents' C. parent D. parents7. Mary with her sister _ in Beijing.A. are B. am C. is D. be8. I can _, but he _.A

34、. type, cans B. typing, cannot C. types, cant D. type, cant9. She _ she can _ English.A. say, speak B. speak, say C. says, speak D. say, speaks10.- My mother is ill in hospital. - _.A. Thats all right B. Its nothing C. Im sorry to hear that D. You are welcome11.Daming, please _ your book and _ it.A.

35、 look at, read B. look, see C. read, look at D. see, read12. -_ ? - He is a fat boy. A. What does he likeB. What is he likeC. How is heD. How does he like13. Can you fix it?-_.A. I think I canB. I think yesC. I think noD. I think I cant14. They want _ the number 7 bus. A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. t

36、ook15. - _ is your school?- Only 5 minutes walk.A. How farB. How longC. How muchD. How manyII. Cloze An old friend from the USA whom I was looking forward to staying with telephoned from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was still at the 1 at that time,but I had got everything ready for

37、his arrival After letting him know where my house was,I told him that I had left the _2 under the doormat(門墊). _3_ I was likely to be home rather 1ateI told him to go to the 4 and help himself to food and drink. Two hours later my friend 5 me from the houseAt the moment,he said,he was listening to s

38、ome of my records after having just had a truly wonderful 6 He had found a cooker and 7 two eggs and had helped himself to some cold chicken from the ice box. Now,he said,he was drinking a glass of orange juice and he hoped I would 8 him. When I asked him if he had reached the house without difficul

39、ty,he answered,“I was not able to find the key, 9 luckily the livingroom windows just by the apple tree were left open and you know what I could do” I listened to all this in 10 In front of my livingroom there was no apple tree at all. ( ) 1. A. livingroom B. officeC. airport D. house( ) 2. A. addre

40、ssB. phone number C. key D travelling plan( ) 3. A. As B. WhenC. If D. Though( ) 4. A. store B. restaurantC. fridge D. kitchen( ) 5. A. invited B. askedC. answeredD. telephoned( ) 6. A. meal B. restC. time D. picnic( ) 7. A. gotB. brokeC. fried D. bought( ) 8. A. visit B. join C. thank D. remember(

41、) 9. A. butB. soC. orD. and( ) 10. A. interestB. angerC. surpriseD. excitement III. Reading ComprehensionI. Dear Lily,How are you? Im writing to tell you something about our trip in China. I want to send you some pictures. In the first picture, my family are visiting the Great Wall. In the second pi

42、cture, Im learning Chinese from some Chinese friends. In the third picture, my mum is doing some shopping. In the fourth picture, my dad is writing a postcard. In the fifth picture, Tom is drinking a cup of tea. In the sixth picture, Mike is enjoying the sun. In the last picture, Neg is taking photos. We are having a good time.Love, Becky()1 How many pictures can Lily get? A Four.B Five.C Six.D Seven.()2 In the first picture, my family are_.A visiting the Great WallB writing a postcardC enjoying the sunD doing some shopping(

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