初三九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)中考?xì)w納復(fù)習(xí)專題：形容詞與副詞

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語(yǔ)中考?xì)w納復(fù)習(xí)專題：形容詞與副詞 【形容詞的用法】形容詞是描述人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)的詞類，主要用來(lái)修飾名詞或部分代詞。1.形容詞的用法功能位置例句定語(yǔ)名詞前或不定代詞后作定語(yǔ)Sheisabeautifulgirl.她是一個(gè)漂亮的女孩。Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.我有重要的事情要說(shuō)。表語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)Itsverycoldtoday.今天非常冷。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)keep,make,leave等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Youmustkeeptheclassroomclean.你必須保持教室干凈。2. 名詞變形容詞名詞構(gòu)成方法意義例詞表示天氣

2、的名詞-y充滿的多的cloud-cloudysun-sunny表示方位的名詞-ern方位的朝方的west-westernsouth-southern表示稱謂的名詞-Ly般的friend-friendly表示時(shí)間的名詞-ly每的week-weeklyday-daily表示物質(zhì)的名詞-en/-y制成的般的wood-woodensand-sandy表示情感的名詞-ful的有的care-carefulbeauty-beautiful-y的luck-luckyhealth-healthy-less不的無(wú)的home-homelesshope-hopeless表示大洲與國(guó)家的名詞-n的人的America-A

3、mericanRussia-Russian要點(diǎn)提醒：如:a nice large square old brown wooden table一張又大又漂亮的古老的棕色方木桌2.ed與ing形容詞（考點(diǎn)講解詳見P8考點(diǎn)3）3.在英語(yǔ)中有些形容詞通常只用作表語(yǔ)，不可作（前置）定語(yǔ)。這類形容詞主要有：表示健康狀況的形容詞,如ill，well;以a開頭的表狀態(tài)的形容詞，如：afraid，asleep，awake等。4.在構(gòu)詞法中，以ly結(jié)尾的詞并不都是副詞，也有形容詞。常見的有：friendly（友好的），lovely（可愛的），lively（生動(dòng)的），daily（日常的）等。5. enough既可作

4、形容詞，也可作副詞?！究键c(diǎn)訓(xùn)練1】1.The Bruce family had to give up camping on such a _ (rain) day.2.In _ (west) countries,people usually go to church on weekends.3.The little boy is so _ (care) that he often leaves his homework at home.4.Mountain climbing is a _ (danger) sport.5.Keep all the windows _ .Its too hot

5、in the room. （ ）A.opened B.open C.closed D.close6.Robert is so _ that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends. （ ）A.busy B.smartC.serious D.pleased答案：rainy western careless dangerous B A【副詞的用法】副詞是指在句中表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的詞，常用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或句子等，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等。1.副詞的分類分類定義例詞時(shí)間副詞表示時(shí)間的副詞now，then，t

6、oday，tomorrow，ago，lately，soon，recently，rightnow，before等地點(diǎn)副詞表示地點(diǎn)的副詞here，there，home，in，out，inside，outside，down，up，upstairs，downstairs,above，back,over方式副詞描繪動(dòng)作發(fā)生方式的副詞carefully，easily，fast，happily，loudly，quickly，slowly，suddenly程度副詞描繪行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的程度的副詞much，alittle，very，enough，quite，rather，too，nearly，so，really

7、頻度副詞描繪一定時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作發(fā)生次數(shù)的副詞usually，often，sometimes，never，always，hardly（ever），seldom疑問(wèn)副詞（詞組）構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句where，when，why，how，howlong，howoften，howfar，howsoon,howold，howmuch連接副詞連接句子however,therefore引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句how,when,where,why關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句where，when，why句子副詞對(duì)句子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開fortunately,unfortunately，luckily，unluckily，firstof

8、all2.副詞的構(gòu)成副詞一般由形容詞變化而來(lái)，常見變化規(guī)則如下：形容詞構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況-lyquick-quicklyslow-slowly以y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞變y為i再加-lyhappy-happilyheavy-heavily以y結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞-lyshy-shylydry-dryly以e結(jié)尾開音節(jié)詞-lywide-widelypolite-politely去e加-lytrue-truly元音字母+e結(jié)尾以le結(jié)尾去e加-ypossible-possibly特殊變化good-well注意：有些副詞與形容詞同形。如:fast，late，early，hard等。3. 副詞的用法功能位置例句狀

9、語(yǔ)修飾形容詞、副詞，常位于被修飾詞的前面Billisverytall.比爾非常高。修飾動(dòng)詞，一般位于被修飾動(dòng)詞之后Hejumpshigh.他跳得高。位于句首，修飾整個(gè)句子Luckily,hewonthegame.幸運(yùn)的是，他贏得了比賽。表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞之后Classisover.下課。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)位于動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)后WefoundLiHuaoutwhenwearrived.當(dāng)我們到的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)李華出去了。后置定語(yǔ)一般位于被修飾詞之后Lifehereisrichandinteresting.這兒的生活富裕且有趣?！究键c(diǎn)訓(xùn)練2】1.Lily dances as _ (good) as you.2.Mobil

10、e phones are _ (wide) used in China.3.The children enjoy the life in the country and live _（happy） with their families.4. _ (lucky),the damage is not serious.5.We will have to set off _ to avoid the heavy traffic tomorrow morning. （ ）A.early B.quietly C.slowly D.politely6.We have to say goodbye,my d

11、ear friends! But I will _ forget the days we spent together. （ ）A.always B.often C.never D.usually答案：well widely happily Luckily A C【形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)】形容詞、副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之分，通常as.as是原級(jí)的標(biāo)志，than，much，a little等是比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志，the，in，all，among，one of 等是最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志。1.形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加-er或-es

12、tslowfastslowerfasterslowestfastest以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加-r或-stlargefinelatelargerfinerlaterlargestfinestlatest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-er或-estbigfathotthinbiggerfatterhotterthinnerbiggestfattesthottestthinnest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先把y改為i，再加-er或-esteasyhappyearlyeasierhappierearliereasiesthappiestea

13、rliest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或mostbeautifulcarefullymorebeautifulmorecarefullymostbeautifulmostcarefully(2)不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther（較遠(yuǎn)）further（進(jìn)一步）farthest（最遠(yuǎn)）furthest（最大限度）oldolder（年紀(jì)較大的）elder（較年長(zhǎng)的）oldest（年紀(jì)最大的）eldest（最年長(zhǎng)的）2.形容詞、副

14、詞原級(jí)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)意義例句as+原級(jí)+as與一樣Sheisastallashermother.她和她的媽媽一樣高。notas/so+原級(jí)+as不如Theweatherhereisnotas/sohotasthatinWuhan.這兒的天氣不如武漢熱。4. 形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)意義例句比較級(jí)+than兩者比較，表示一方超過(guò)另一方，意為“比”ChinaislargerthanItaly.中國(guó)比意大利大。less+原級(jí)+than（此結(jié)構(gòu)不用于單音節(jié)詞）兩者比較，表示一方不及另一方，意為“不如”HethinksEnglishislessimportantthanChinese.他認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)不如漢語(yǔ)

15、重要。比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)越來(lái)越Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.我們的國(guó)家正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)越，越Themore，thebetter.多多益善。the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞兩者中較的一個(gè)Johnistheclevererofthetwoboys.約翰是兩個(gè)男孩中較聰明的那一個(gè)。Which/Who.+比較級(jí),AorB?表示“兩者比較，哪個(gè)(人)更”Whorunsfaster,TomorJack?誰(shuí)跑得更快，湯姆還是杰克？5. 形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)意義例句the+最高級(jí)+范圍表示三者或三者以上人或

16、物的比較，意為“最”Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.春天是一年中最好的季節(jié)。the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+范圍第幾最Mikeisthesecondtallestboyinhisclass.邁克是他們班上第二高的男孩。oneofthe+最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+范圍最之一KobeisoneofthebestbasketballplayersintheNBA.科比是NBA最好的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員之一。Which/Who.+最高級(jí)，A，BorC.?表示“在三者或三者以上的人或物中，哪個(gè)(人)更”Whoisthetallest，Tom，JackorJim?誰(shuí)最高，湯姆，杰克還是吉姆？要點(diǎn)提醒：

17、1.修飾比較級(jí)常用的詞和短語(yǔ)主要有much,a little,even,still,a lot,far,a bit,any等。如：It is much colder than yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。My apple is a little bigger than yours.我的蘋果比你的大一點(diǎn)。注意：very,quite常用于修飾原級(jí)，不能修飾比較級(jí)。2.副詞最高級(jí)前的the可以省去。在運(yùn)用最高級(jí)的句子中，句末常用of/in/among等短語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)明比較的范圍。如：Kate is the youngest in her class.凱特是她班上最年輕的。Jenny sings

18、（the) most beautifully of the three.珍妮是三人之中唱得最動(dòng)聽的。3.倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式（1）A+be+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+B如：Our school is three times as big as theirs.我們的學(xué)校是他們的三倍大。（2）A+be+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+B如：The box is twice bigger than that one.這個(gè)箱子比那個(gè)大一倍。（3） A+be+倍數(shù)+the size(length/amount.)+of+B如：The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球的體

19、積是月球的49倍。4.用比較級(jí)時(shí)要避免與自身進(jìn)行比較，若比較的對(duì)象屬于同一范圍，要用以下句型表示“比其他任何都”。 any other+單數(shù)名詞 all the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 anyone/anything elseLin Tao is taller than any other student in his class.林濤比他班上其他任何學(xué)生都高。Lucy is taller than all the other girls in her class.露西比她班上所有其他的女孩都高。Jack studies harder than anyone else in his class.

20、杰克比班上其他的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都刻苦。注意：以上句型實(shí)際上用比較級(jí)形式表達(dá)了最高級(jí)的含義。如：Lin Tao is taller than any other student in his class.(Lin Tao is the tallest student in his class.)林濤比他班上其他任何學(xué)生都高。(=林濤是他班上最高的學(xué)生。)【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練3】1.The tea trade helped to spread the tea plant to _（many） places around the world.2.John speaks English as _ as Mike.Th

21、ey are both good at English. （ ）A.good B.wellC.better D.best3.We should go to school by bus instead of by car.Yeah,_ cars we use,_ pollution there will be. （ ）A.fewer;less B.less;fewerC.the less;the fewer D.the fewer;the less4.Soccer is one of _ sports in the world. （ ）A.more popular B.the more popu

22、larC.most popular D.the most popular5.Qomolangma is _ than any other mountain.I hope to climb it one day. （ ）A.high B.higherC.highest D.the highest6.The box was _ than I had expected.I was out of breath when I got home. （ ）A.more heavier B.much heavierC.little heavier D.very heavier答案：more B D D B B

23、【中考示例】(2017廣西)She closed the door _ in order not to make her grandpa awake. ( )A.angrily B.loudlyC.clearly D.quietly【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：為了不吵醒爺爺，她輕輕地關(guān)上了門。A項(xiàng)意為“憤怒地；生氣地”；B項(xiàng)意為“大聲地”；C項(xiàng)意為“清楚地”；D項(xiàng)意為“輕聲地”。由語(yǔ)境可知D項(xiàng)符合題意。【考題熱身】1.(2017云南)Its noisy outside.I cant hear you _（clear).2.(2017云南)All the people in the worl

24、d wish to enjoy a beautiful and _（peace) life.3.(2017甘肅)He was driving as _（fast) as possible.4.(2017長(zhǎng)春)In the school hallways,the students are supposed to speak and act _（quiet).5.(2017鄂州)Tom has invented a treeplanting machine.I think no one is _（create) than him.Hes a boy full of strange ideas.6.

25、(2017云南)There are _ sharing bikes in many cities.So there will be _ pollution. （ ）A.less and less;more and moreB.less and less;fewer and fewerC.more and more;less and lessD.fewer and fewer;less and less7.(2017安徽)My deskmate is really _ .She likes to attend different activities after school. （ ）A.active B.quiet C.lazy D.honest8.(2017蘇州)Millie,now go to have a nice bath and an early night,so that you will be _ for the journey tomorrow. （ ）A.safe B.patient C.fresh D.natural9.(2017呼和浩特)The pizza looks _.It is my favourite. （ ）A.lovely B.sweetlyC