定語(yǔ)從句(精)

1、 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句Which one is Harry Porter? The boy _ is Harry Porter .who wears glasses定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句Which one is Harry Porter? He once worked as a volunteer. the story (that / which) you told just nowthat / which , which helped him a lot in finding the job. He once worked as a volunteer . 定語(yǔ)從句就是限定本身指代不明的名詞定語(yǔ)從句就

2、是限定本身指代不明的名詞或代詞且含有引導(dǎo)詞的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)?；虼~且含有引導(dǎo)詞的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞which, who, whom whose, that; aswhere, when, why 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 The boy who / that is standing there is my brother. 先行詞本身指代不明時(shí)，用來限定先行先行詞本身指代不明時(shí)，用來限定先行詞以明確其所

3、指的從句，稱詞以明確其所指的從句，稱限定性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句。 Beijing, where the 28th Olympics were held, is the capital of China. 先行詞本身是專有名詞或其它指代已明確先行詞本身是專有名詞或其它指代已明確的詞語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)(通常表示獨(dú)一無二的人通常表示獨(dú)一無二的人/物物)，從句只，從句只起附加說明的作用，前面加逗號(hào)，可省略。起附加說明的作用，前面加逗號(hào)，可省略。二、用法二、用法: : These are the trees which / that were planted last year.先先行行詞詞是是人人關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系

4、代詞: who whom whose that which先行詞先行詞是非人是非人 These are the students who / that won the first place last year.that限定性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān) 系 代 詞 用 法 表 解 先行詞先行詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)人who / that(whom / that)thatwhose非人(物、事、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因)which / that(which / that)thatwhose人 / 物 that(that)thatwhosesuch / the same + n.asasaswhose 先行詞被t

5、he / this / that these / those same修飾時(shí)若指的就是同一人或物，則用that：e. g. Youve made the same mistakes that you made last time.which指人的特殊用法指人的特殊用法 當(dāng)先行詞指一種職業(yè)或表示性格、身份、地位、品德素質(zhì)或嬰兒時(shí)或先行詞是集合名詞且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)而從句動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)時(shí)用which。e. g. He is a writer, which is respectable. Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be.(

6、05湖北） Pat is quite different from the man which I thought him to be. He is the man which he was. He talked like a scholar which he hardly was. Mr. Smith pretended to be a professor which helped him much. He is a gentleman which his brother isnt. She is a successful actress which gets her high fame.

7、Yesterday her sister had a baby which was a girl. I take great pride in the Chinese people which has a long history, a rich culture and glorious revolutionary tradition. Do you know the family which lives upstairs?關(guān) 系 副 詞 用 法 表 解 先行詞先行詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 間whenwhen at / in / on which 地 點(diǎn) wherewhere at / i

8、n / on which 原 因 whywhy for which注意：where的先行詞可以是以物表地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)；先行 詞被the same修飾且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用 where。e. g. His wallet is on the chair where he sat. We will start at the point where we left off. He went to the very same place where he found the tiger. (= at which) where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句除用于表地點(diǎn)的先引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句除用于表地點(diǎn)的先行詞外，還用于其它先行

9、詞行詞外，還用于其它先行詞activity, case, , job, occasion, point, position, stage, state, situation甚至表示甚至表示 “物物”的先行詞，的先行詞，但引導(dǎo)詞但引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在從句中必須作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)代替先行詞在從句中必須作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。where引導(dǎo)的從句的特殊用法引導(dǎo)的從句的特殊用法e. g. English is a language where each word has a fixed position. Is this the library where you borrowed the book? We have re

10、ached a point where a change is needed. The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. Youve put me in a position where Ill achieve nothing. Whatever is left over may be put into the fridge, where it

11、will keep for two or three weeks.舞蹈是一種視覺比聽覺更重要的活動(dòng)。舞蹈是一種視覺比聽覺更重要的活動(dòng)。今天我們將討論初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人不能恰當(dāng)使用英語(yǔ)的情況。今天我們將討論初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人不能恰當(dāng)使用英語(yǔ)的情況。所有鄰居都羨慕這家人，這家人家里的小孩和父母建立起了友所有鄰居都羨慕這家人，這家人家里的小孩和父母建立起了友好的關(guān)系。好的關(guān)系。這是一種可以很好地使用你的技能的工作。這是一種可以很好地使用你的技能的工作。Thats a job where your skills can be put to good use.Dancing is an activity where

12、 sight matters more than hearing. Today, well discuss cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. All the neighbours admire this family, where the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.1. 指人的引導(dǎo)詞的用法指人的引導(dǎo)詞的用法 who 作定語(yǔ)從句的作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(非正式非正式) Do you know the fa

13、mily who always quarrel among themselves? Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南湖南) whom 作定語(yǔ)從句的作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)，指人，指人 Who is the person (whom) you admire most. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom

14、left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010浙江浙江) She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. (2009寧夏、海南寧夏、海南)whom在從句中可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)，指人。在從句中可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)，指人。 whose 作從句作從句定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ), 表示表示物主物主，用于人或物，用于人或物 The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imag

15、ination. (2011新課標(biāo)新課標(biāo)) The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. (2011四川四川) Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (2010北京北京) Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen. (2010山東山東) The old temple whose

16、 roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. (2010陜西陜西) In China, the number of cities is increasing whose development is recognized across the world. (2010重重慶慶) that 可作從句的可作從句的主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和和賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ), 指人或指人或物物 The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.可省略可省略 The man who / that is speaking at

17、the meeting is a worker.2. 指物的引導(dǎo)詞的用法指物的引導(dǎo)詞的用法 which 同同that一樣一樣, 作從句的作從句的主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)但不用但不用于人于人 。I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.This is a truck which / that is made in China. 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)可省略可省略 We are about to meet the delegation which is to arrive at the air port on time. In our s

18、chool, ours is a major class which consists of forty-five members. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other(2011福建福建) Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time. (2009陜西陜西)3. 只能用只能用that的情況的情況 序數(shù)

19、詞序數(shù)詞或或形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)修飾先行詞時(shí) Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等指事物等指事物不定代詞不定代詞作先行詞時(shí)作先行詞時(shí) I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault. (2

20、010全國(guó)全國(guó)) 先行詞被先行詞被every, some, no, all, any, little, much 等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。 My mother was so proud of all that I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) (2010湖湖北北) 先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時(shí)。修飾時(shí)。This is the very book that belongs to him. 句首已有句首已有who或或which時(shí)時(shí) Who is

21、 the girl that is standing under the tree? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday. 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人人和和物物時(shí)時(shí) Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books that were popular then. There are four desks in the middle of the

22、 office that are used for the teachers. 主句是主句是there be句型時(shí)句型時(shí)China isnt the country that it used to be. He is not the man that he used to be. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí) This is the dictionary that was bought in the bookstore yesterday. 先行詞是先行詞是“be”后的表語(yǔ)時(shí)后的表語(yǔ)時(shí)不用不用thatthat的情況的情況 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 緊接在

23、介詞后不能用緊接在介詞后不能用e. g. We depend on the land from which we get our food. 先行詞部分有先行詞部分有that或或those時(shí)時(shí)作定語(yǔ)的作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞的辨析的辨析引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞在 從 句 中 用 法which 代替代替指代前面已明確的特定的物指代前面已明確的特定的物 (含時(shí)間、含時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)等等) 對(duì)其進(jìn)行說明對(duì)其進(jìn)行說明, 并表示并表示“這這”而而非物主非物主。whose 代替特定的人或物代替特定的人或物 (指物或抽象概念時(shí)可以指物或抽象概念時(shí)可以同同of which互換互換), 對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行限定或補(bǔ)充說明，對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)

24、行限定或補(bǔ)充說明，表示表示物主物主。“介詞介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的定定 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 從從 句句4. “介詞介詞 +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞” (介詞提前介詞提前) 指人指人 用用whom, 指物用指物用whiche. g. Is this the car for which you paid a high price? Have you finished the book on which youve been working? The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the

25、 idioms. The only subject of which he is fond is maths. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the army. Ill never forget the year in which I went abroad. Where is the boy for whom you bought a camera? Where is the boy with whom you are working? Where is the boy by whom your son was saved? “介詞介詞

26、 + 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”中的介詞的判定依據(jù)中的介詞的判定依據(jù)1：與從句中的與從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配的搭配 “介詞介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞” 中的介詞的判定依據(jù)中的介詞的判定依據(jù)2：與從句中的與從句中的形容詞形容詞的搭配的搭配 “介詞介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”中的介詞的判定依據(jù)中的介詞的判定依據(jù)3：與從句限定的與從句限定的先行詞先行詞的搭配的搭配 Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. (2010山東山東) The newly built caf, the

27、 walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江蘇江蘇) Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently. (2011湖南湖南) She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which had taken more than three y

28、ears. (2011江西江西) “介詞介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”限定性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句“介詞介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞” 能能引導(dǎo)限定性引導(dǎo)限定性和和非限定性從句非限定性從句。引 導(dǎo) 詞 用 法 表 解引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞指 代充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩朔侨司渥又髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) whowhomwhichthatwhoseas I went to bed at 10, before when I was reading for an hour. That was in 1929, since when things have been better. 當(dāng)先行詞是指時(shí)間的介詞短語(yǔ)而引導(dǎo)詞當(dāng)先行詞是指時(shí)間

29、的介詞短語(yǔ)而引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用when代替前面的先代替前面的先行詞。行詞。 先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，若引導(dǎo)詞代詞指地點(diǎn)的某個(gè)名先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，若引導(dǎo)詞代詞指地點(diǎn)的某個(gè)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)在從句中作狀語(yǔ)表示詞或名詞短語(yǔ)在從句中作狀語(yǔ)表示 “從從那里那里”時(shí)，時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用引導(dǎo)詞用from which；而當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞；而當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞代替代替前面的的表示地前面的的表示地點(diǎn)的點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞且表示且表示“從那里從那里”時(shí)，則用時(shí)，則用from where。whenwherewhy 在限定性從句中用于被在限定性從句中用于被such, the same等修飾的先行詞后。等修飾的先行

30、詞后。 The window from which prisoners can escape were blocked. Soon his head appeared out of one of the second-storey windows from where he could see nothing but trees. Alice stood in front of the window, from where she could watch her classmates playing basketball. Look over there! Some people are st

31、anding under the big tree, from where you can enjoy the whole view. The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. (2011天津) Because of the financial crisis, days are gone when local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (09江蘇) A bank is the place where they l

32、end you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually. (2010福建) The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for a

33、n hour. (2010江西) Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. (09福建) Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (09重慶)What do you think of teacher ,Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job where you are doing something

34、 serious but interesting. (09北京) As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather. (2010全國(guó)全國(guó)) Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009山東山東) Theyve won their last three matches, which I find a bit surprising. (09遼寧遼寧) My fr

35、iend showed me round the town, which was very kind of him. (09全國(guó)全國(guó)) Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset. (2011北京北京) After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision. (2010四川四川)

36、Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be.(05湖北）湖北）非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 which是引導(dǎo)非限定性從句的一個(gè)最常見也最?？嫉脑~，是引導(dǎo)非限定性從句的一個(gè)最常見也最?？嫉脑~，是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)甚至表語(yǔ)，代替先行詞、是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)甚至表語(yǔ)，代替先行詞、主句或主句的一部分。主句或主句的一部分。先行詞先行詞主句主句主句的一部分主句的一部分表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? The old man has a son, who is

37、in the army. Finally we visited to the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present. After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States du

38、ring World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany. He didnt win the championship, which I hadnt expected. As we have stressed many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress) (2010湖北湖北) As is reported in the newspaper, some artistic treasures (藝術(shù)珍品藝術(shù)珍品) will be on show at the ex

39、hibition on the weekend.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句特特 點(diǎn)：點(diǎn)：1 引導(dǎo)詞不用引導(dǎo)詞不用that和和why(用用for which代替代替)2 引導(dǎo)詞不能省略引導(dǎo)詞不能省略3 修飾的可以是詞語(yǔ)或主句或主句的一部分，對(duì)所修修飾的可以是詞語(yǔ)或主句或主句的一部分，對(duì)所修 飾的部分進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明飾的部分進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明4 先行詞是表示獨(dú)一無二的詞先行詞是表示獨(dú)一無二的詞(人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、 組織、機(jī)構(gòu)等等組織、機(jī)構(gòu)等等)5 which引導(dǎo)的非限定性從句不能放在句首引導(dǎo)的非限定性從句不能放在句首6 代替指人的先行詞在從句中作賓

40、語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用代替指人的先行詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用whom指人指人的的關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的非限定性非限定性的形容詞從句的形容詞從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞在 從 句 中 用 法who代替代替指代已明確的特定的指代已明確的特定的人或人或?qū)ο刃性~進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明說明，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) (不能省略不能省略)。whom代替代替指代已明確的特定的指代已明確的特定的人或人或?qū)ο刃性~進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明說明，作作 (動(dòng)詞或介詞動(dòng)詞或介詞)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) (不能省略不能省略)。whose代替代替指代已明確的特定的指代已明確的特定的人或物人或物(指物或抽象概念指物或抽象概念時(shí)可以同時(shí)可以同of

41、which互換互換)的先行詞的先行詞對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明充說明，作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)表示物主。表示物主。指物指物的的關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的非限定性非限定性的形容詞從句的形容詞從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞在 從 句 中 用 法which(?？键c(diǎn)) 代替代替指代已明確的特定的物指代已明確的特定的物 (特殊情況下可特殊情況下可以指人的職業(yè)、性格、身份、地位、品德等以指人的職業(yè)、性格、身份、地位、品德等) 或或?qū)η懊娴木渥又械牟糠只蛘w進(jìn)行說明對(duì)前面的句子中的部分或整體進(jìn)行說明, 作主語(yǔ)、作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)(用來指前面提及的事用來指前面提及的事/物并表示物并表示“這這”時(shí)在從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)在從句中作定語(yǔ))，不能置于句首。，不能置于句首