04介詞學(xué)案四

1、高三專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)四 介詞介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。介詞分為三種，一種是簡(jiǎn)單介詞，如 at, in, on, beside, to , for 等；另 一種 是短語介詞，即由兩個(gè)以上的詞組組成的短語，如 in front of, because of, out of, instead of 等；還有 一種叫二 重介詞，如 until after, from behind 等。（-）介詞的句法功能 介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成份， 表 示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。1、作定語 : The book on the table

2、is mine.2、作狀語： We have breakfast at seven.（ 表時(shí)間）； They were late for meeting because of theheavy rain. （表原因）； They started the machine by pressing the button. （表方法）3、作表語： My dictionary is in the bag.4、作賓語補(bǔ)足語： I found him in the ofHce.（-）主要介詞區(qū)別1、表示時(shí)間的at, in, on ： at 表示片刻的時(shí)間，如： at 8 o'clock ,常用詞組有

3、： at noon, at night, atmidnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。 in 表示 一 段的時(shí)間，如： in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。 on , 總是足艮日子有關(guān)， on Monday, on Christmas mornin

4、g, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。2、表示時(shí)間的 since 和 from ： since 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。 from 表 示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。如： I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示時(shí)間的 in 和 after ： 兩者都表示“在（某個(gè)時(shí)間）之后，區(qū)別在于in 表示“在（一段時(shí)間） 之后”

5、，而 after 則表示“在（某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后）”， in 短語和將來時(shí)態(tài)連用， after 短語和過去時(shí)態(tài)或 將來 時(shí)態(tài)連用。如： We'll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意: after 有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后（常用在過去時(shí)里）。如： After two months he returned.4、表示地理位置的in, on, to ： in 表示在某范圍內(nèi)， on 指與什么毗鄰， to 指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如：C

6、hangchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.5、 表示"在上”的 on和in : on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。如：Thereis a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.6、表示 " 穿過 ” 的 throug

7、h 和 across： through 表示從內(nèi)部通過，與 in 有關(guān)； across 則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過，與 on 有關(guān)。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.7>in the corner, on the corner, at the corner ： in the corner 表示在角落里 ,in 指角的內(nèi)面 ;on the corner 表 示“在角上”， on 指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面，而含內(nèi)外兼有之意； at the corner 指“在拐角處”， at

8、指的是 拐角外附近的外面。如： The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of ： in the end 作"最后" 、 “終于”解，可單獨(dú)使用 ,后不接介 詞of ； at the end of表示"在 末梢"，”到 盡頭"，既可指時(shí)間，也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨(dú)使bythe

9、 end of作“在 結(jié)束時(shí)”， "到 末為止”解，只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。如：In the end they reacheda place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.9、表示“關(guān)于 " 的 about 和 on： 兩者都有“關(guān)于”的意思，不過

10、前者為一般用詞，而后者為較正 式 的" 論述”。女口： He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.10、between, among ： 一般說來， between 表示兩者之間， among 用于三者或三者以上的中間。如： You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.法意：但有時(shí)說的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系，適用于 betwe

11、eno 如： Agreements were made between the different countries.在談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分 居兩邊時(shí)用 betweeno 如： The little valley lies between high mountains. o 在談事物間的差別時(shí)，總是用 betweeno 如 : They don't know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.11、besides, except, but, except for ： besides 指“除了 還有，再加上 &

12、quot; 。如： All went out besides me. ； except 指"除了，減去什么 " ，不能放在句首。如： All went out except me. ； but 與 except 意思近似，表 示“除 了 外”經(jīng)常用在 no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything 等和其他疑問詞后面。如： I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. ； except for 表示 "如無 . 就，只是”表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如： His diaryis good ex

13、cept for a few spelling mistakes. o12、表示“用”的 in 和 with ： 表示工具的“用” ， 用 with, 而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等的 " 用”，用 in 。如： He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.13> in charge of 和 i

14、n the charge of ： 兩者都表示“由誰負(fù)責(zé)、照顧、管理”。區(qū)別在于：in charge of 后接被照管的人或物，而 in the charge of 后面則跟照管的人。如： Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer. o14> as, like ： as 作"作為 " 、" 以 地位或身份”解。如： Let me speak to you as a father. （事實(shí)是 父親）； like 作" 象 . 樣"

15、;解。如： Let me speak to you like a father. （事實(shí)上不是父親）。15、in front of 和 in the front of ： in front of = before, 是“在 前面”的意思（不在某物內(nèi)）； in the front of 則是“在 前部”的意思（在某物內(nèi)）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy satin the front of the car.o 16> in, into ： into 表示動(dòng)向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into

16、the park. ； in 通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park ； in 和 drop, fall, put, throw, break 等終止性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí) , 也可以表示動(dòng)向。如 : I have put the coin in （into ） my pocket. 我把硬幣放進(jìn)衣袋。練習(xí)（一）、介詞1. The teacher is writing a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing ink inexercise books.A. with, inB. in, wit

17、hC. in, inD. with, with2. The worker can make chairs wood, and also can make paper wood.A. from, ofB. of, fromC. of. ofD. from, from3. Mary dropped in _ Mr Smith, but he wasn* t at home, so she went to drop in Mr Smith*s office.A. on, on B. at, at C. on. atD. at. on4. The teacher is not only strict

18、his pupils but also strict his own work.A. with, with B.in,inC. in, with D. with, in5. His grandfather died the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grandmother died hungry and cold. A. from, of B. of, from C. from, from D. of. of6. If you run _ two hares you will catch neither.

19、A.intoB.after C.off D. out of7. This is a common mistake students. A. between B.over C. among D. about8. My father began to work a bus driver when he was twenty years old.A.for B.to C.at D.as9. hearing the news, I was wild joy. A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over10.1 don* t think Xiao Li i

20、s the other students mathematics.A. after, on B. after, withC. behind,in D. behind,at11.Nobody knowsA.B.exceptC. besidesD. butifermhe win dow is never ope nediexGmPfer. A. butthat b. exceptC. except for D.but for13.It happened the Long March. A. duringB.inC.atD.for14.We go to school a bike. A.i n B.

21、onC.byD.ove15.It's very ki nd you to repair the bikeme.A.for.forB.of,ofC.of,forD.for,ofFresh air is good your health. A.atB.forC.of D.toThe boy is wait inghis sister and they will go to the hospital to wait their sick17. mother.D.o n.on18.A.for,o nB.o n,forC.for,forThe group is made up five stud

22、ents. And they are studying hard to make up the lost time.A.of,ofB.for,forC.of,forD.for,of29.30.19 The PIA man saved the boy death.A. ofthree days.A.before20. He will comeB.fromB.afterC.toC. inD.o nD. later21. He went to Beiji ng and retur nedthree days.22. He will returnthree o'clock.

23、一 A.afterB.inC.o nD.23. He wrote the articlethreedays.A.atB.inC.o nD.by24.1 agreewhat you said.A.toB. onC.withD.atC. laterA. inB. beforeD. afterA.at B.with25. Do you agree this pla n (arra ngeme nt)?Fin ally they agreed the terms of the con tract. A.o nDo you ofte n hear your brother? A. of B. fromB

24、.to 吐曲 D.to DCout of D.aboutC.of D.withA. outheard the booBlonomgo, but I have n ever read it.The plane flew the city. A. across B.past C. through D.overWe walked the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.A. across31.1 was wan deri ng一 A. across32. Our bus droveB. throughC.by_ the stre

25、ets whe n I caught sight of i B. throughC.by_the_Great_Hall_of the People.D.pasti tailor*s sh(»pas tB. through33.the sun, no thi ng would grow.A. acrossC. pastD.overA. For34. The teacher isbusy A.withB.WithC. Un derteach ing.B.forD.WithoutC.onD.of35. The teacher isbusy A. forcorrect ing papers.

26、B.inC.onD.of36. We left Xi* ana very hot summer after noon.37.C. duri ngD.byShe felt disappo in ted whe n she found out they had gone swim ming her.A. butB. exceptC. except for D. without38.A. onB.inHis teacher was angryA.at,withB.at,forhimhis being late. C.with,forD.with,about39. My father was disa

27、ppo in ted the n ews.A. by B. aboutC. atD. on40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing October,1998 and came back home the morning of Nov. 5. A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from41 .My uncle lives 105 Huanghe Street. His room is the fifth floor.A.at;onB.td;atC.on;in42.1 don*t think you can work out the maths problem

28、A. sinceB. unlessC. becauseD.of;to the teacher*s help.D. without43.44.He is running the wind towards the east of the station Tom is running the right.A. down; and; on B. against; while; on C.for;with;in D. with; while; toIn Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck the beauty of nature that he stayed another

29、night. A.at;onB.with;atC.for;inD.by;for45.Many people are still the habit of writing silly things public places.A.at;at B.in;in C.into;of D.during;at46.- Do you go there bus?A. in; on B.on;on 47.1 made the coat-No, we go there a train.C.by;inD.by; withA. in; inmy own hands. It was made hand, not with a machine. B.in; with C. with; by D. with; with front of the house are the48. The treescharge of Old Li.A. in; inB. at; incold B.ofC;in. in; by49. The old man died cold a cold night.A. from; atB.of;in