2016三級筆譯真題

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2016.05Section 1： English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Old people in Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldnt see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dri

2、ed animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is. 西格里老人們常說：“我們能記得那時的西格里，樹木繁盛、遮天蔽日?！比缃?，在塞內(nèi)加爾的西北部，綿延數(shù)里的紅棕色沙灘圍繞著村莊，散落著星星點點的灌木與樹叢。Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Saharas advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientist

3、s working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation cant regenerate itself.” 作為區(qū)域內(nèi)領導法塞兩國科學家、研究者共同工作的人類學家吉爾斯 布施說：“過度放牧與氣候變化是阻礙撒哈拉發(fā)展的主要原

4、因。“他在一次采訪中說道：”當?shù)氐母焕崛耸悄撩?，?jīng)常放牧，但滿是牧群的土地不堪重負，植被也無法再生。“Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the countrys segment of a major pan-African rege

5、neration project, the Great Green Wall.First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert. While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal

6、 has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall. 自2008年開始，塞內(nèi)加爾已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)反擊不斷侵襲的沙漠。每年，塞內(nèi)加爾會在沿途545公里或340英里的狹長帶種植200棵防沙樹，這也是泛非洲植再生工程在其境內(nèi)主要的組成部分。“綠色長城”植被再生工程于2005年提出，該項目聯(lián)結了塞內(nèi)加爾連同10個地處撒哈拉的盟國，7100公里的綠色防護帶低于沙漠的侵害。當許多國家仍處于構建其境內(nèi)綠色屏障的起步階段時，伴隨著“綠色長城”國家機構的成立，塞內(nèi)加爾已成為此領域的領導者?！癟his

7、 semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agencys technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr

8、. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology. “In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said. Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people

9、 are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root b

10、efore the long, dry season sets in. Pap Sarr上校作為此機構的技術專家在一次采訪中說到：“半干旱區(qū)已經(jīng)越來越不適宜人類居住。我們想盡一切可能讓人們繼續(xù)居住在這?！?Sarr上校組建了由塞內(nèi)加爾研究員與Boetsch領導的法國團隊的工作聯(lián)盟，涉及眾多領域，如土壤微生物學、生態(tài)學、藥學和人類學。這位上校說到:”在塞內(nèi)加爾，我們嘗試用不同的方法做事使他國受益，只要他們能變得更加積極?！?008年以來，每年的5月到6月，雇傭的400人在8個苗圃中挑選、看顧著發(fā)芽的種子并照料這些種子直到它們長成可以栽種的樹苗。八月，1000人被動員起來去種植一排排樹苗，大約兩百

11、萬株的樹苗要趕在長長的旱季到來之前趁著足足兩個月的雨季生根。After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted

12、, including 4,000 hectares this summer. 經(jīng)過第一年的旱季之后，樹苗看似死去，在廣袤的大地上，棕色的樹杈劃破蒼穹，但它們中的80%活了下來。6年過去了，2008年種下的樹已長到三米或10英尺高。截至目前，30000公頃或英畝的土地已被種滿植被，包括今夏種植的4000公頃。There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the Université Blaise Pasc

13、al in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,” Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a mi

14、croclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.” “The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,” he added. Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Mig

15、ratory birds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch said. 法國克萊蒙費朗布萊茲·帕斯卡大學的自然地理教授Jean-Luc Peiry說：“他們已經(jīng)能夠辨別小氣候帶來的影響并在種植區(qū)放置了30臺聲吶以記錄氣溫?！彼谝粰n訪談節(jié)目中說到：“先前的結果已表明4到8棵的小樹叢對氣溫有著重要的影響?！彼盅a充說到：“”The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from France

16、in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.Section 2： Chinese-English Translation (50 points)健康是促進人的全面發(fā)展的必然要求。提高人民健康水平，實現(xiàn)病有所醫(yī)的理想，是人類社會的共同追求。在中國這個有著億多人口的發(fā)展中大國，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生關系億萬人民健康，是一個重大民生問題。 中國高度重視保護和增進人民健康。憲法規(guī)定，國家發(fā)展醫(yī)療衛(wèi)

17、生事業(yè)，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥和傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥，保護人民健康。多年來，中國堅持“以農(nóng)村為重點，預防為主，中西醫(yī)并重，依靠科技與教育，動員全社會參與，為人民健康服務，為社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設服務”的衛(wèi)生工作方針，努力發(fā)展具有中國特色的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)。經(jīng)過不懈努力，覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務體系基本形成，疾病防治能力不斷增強，醫(yī)療保障覆蓋人口逐步擴大，衛(wèi)生科技水平日益提高，居民健康水平明顯改善。 隨著中國工業(yè)化、城市化進程和人口老齡化趨勢的加快，居民健康面臨著傳染病和慢性病的雙重威脅，公眾對醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務的需求日益提高。與此同時，中國衛(wèi)生資源特別是優(yōu)質(zhì)資源短缺、分布不均衡的矛盾依然存在，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革與發(fā)展的任務十分艱巨。

18、Section 1：英譯漢參考譯文司恩高利村的老人們常說，他們記得曾經(jīng)該村周邊樹木多得遮天蔽日。如今，司恩高利這個塞內(nèi)加爾西北小村已被綿延數(shù)英里的紅棕色沙子包圍，沙子上零星散布著灌木叢和樹叢。干結的動物糞便到處都是，但干枯的草卻很難到處可見。 過度放牧和氣候變化是導致撒哈拉沙漠擴張的主要原因，人類學家吉勒思·波特舍這樣說道，他帶領的一隊法國科學家正和塞內(nèi)加爾研究員一道在此開展研究工作?！爱?shù)氐念H耳族人以放牧為生，且常常是流動放牧。但是畜群對草地帶來的壓力太大以致于植被無法復生，”波特舍先生在一次采訪中說道。 不過，塞內(nèi)加爾自2008年起就一直抗擊不斷擴張的沙漠的侵襲。每年，該國將約2

19、00萬株樹苗沿545千米（約340英里）長的狹長地帶栽種，這塊狹長地帶是“綠色長城”這一泛非洲植被再生工程在塞內(nèi)加爾境內(nèi)的部分?！熬G色長城”這一工程在2005年被提出，它將塞內(nèi)加爾和其他10個地處撒哈拉的國家聯(lián)接成同盟來通過植樹創(chuàng)建一個15千米寬、7100千米長的綠化帶，以此阻擋沙漠的擴張。隨著主管其境內(nèi)的“綠色長城”工程的一個國家級機構的成立，塞內(nèi)加爾在植樹治沙方面已經(jīng)走在了前列，而許多國家甚至都還沒有著手建設它們境內(nèi)的綠化帶屏障。 “這個半干燥地區(qū)正變得越來越不適宜居住。我們想讓人們還能夠繼續(xù)在此居住，”帕薩上校在一次采訪中說道，他是這個新成立的機構的技術主任。薩上校已促成塞內(nèi)加爾研究人員

20、和波特舍領導的法國科學家團隊在土壤微生物學、生態(tài)學、藥學和人類學方面組成研究聯(lián)盟。薩上校說：“隨著其他國家變得更積極起來，我們希望塞內(nèi)加爾嘗試的不同治沙方式能讓這些國家受益”。自2008年起，每年4月到6月，約400名工人會受雇于8個苗圃室，他們要挑選種子、照看種子的發(fā)芽，然后修剪幼苗直到這些幼苗能用于載種。到了8月，1000多人將被調(diào)動來栽種一排排樹苗，約200萬株，這就使得這些樹苗在漫長而干燥的旱季到來前能有足足兩個月的雨季來扎根。在經(jīng)歷了第一個旱季之后，這些小樹苗看上去都枯死了，只剩棕色的枝條從地上的洞中凸出來，但 80%的樹苗都會存活。6 年之后，這些 2008 年栽下的樹苗已經(jīng)長到了

21、 3 米之高（約 10 英寸）。迄今已有 30000公頃，約 75000 英畝的地帶已經(jīng)栽上了樹木，其中 4000 畝是今年夏天栽種的。 “植樹對微氣候的影響已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)，”法國克萊蒙費朗市布萊斯帕斯卡大學物理地理學教授讓呂克派瑞說道，他在一些已經(jīng)栽種了樹木的地帶放置了 30 個傳感器來記錄溫度變化?！俺醪降慕Y果顯示 4 至 8 棵 樹組成的樹叢能對溫度產(chǎn)生重要影響，”派瑞教授在一次采訪中說道。“樹木體表的水分蒸發(fā)能創(chuàng)造一個微 氣候，這個微氣候能降低每日溫度的上限。”“同時，這些樹木在減輕大風造成的土壤流失、減少沙塵以及 起到粗糙的地墊作用方面功不可沒，從而阻斷從撒哈拉刮來的滿是沙子的大風”他補充

22、說道。野生動物因 這些變化而改變了行為。波特舍先生說：“遷徙的鳥類重現(xiàn)此地?！痹摴こ趟玫?8 個地下水泵站建于 1954 年，即在塞內(nèi)加爾 1960 年脫離法國統(tǒng)治取得獨立之前。這些 水泵抽取地下水灌滿巨型蓄水盆，而這些蓄水盆為動物、苗圃室和種植有果樹的花園供水。英譯漢網(wǎng)友點評: 2016年5月英語三級筆譯英譯漢來自紐約時報，英語二級筆譯英譯漢第一篇也是出自該報紙。原文標題為塞內(nèi)加爾參與構筑綠色長城抵御沙漠侵襲。本文講述的是塞內(nèi)加爾在植樹治沙方面的努力。由于過度放牧和氣候變化導致撒哈拉沙漠不斷在非洲擴張，為抵御沙漠擴張，一個“綠色長城”工程誕生。作為塞內(nèi)加爾治沙的一部分，該國每年種植大量樹苗

23、來構建防護屏障。本文字數(shù)為610詞，難度略高于2015年11月和5月以及2014年的真題難度。第一段中“there were so many trees that you couldnt see the sky”直譯為“樹木多得看不見填空”，漢語中的成語“遮天蔽日”用在此處最為恰當，即“樹木多得遮天蔽日”。最后一句“Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is”實際上是省略，即“. but hardly any dried grass is scattered everywhere”，翻譯為“但

24、干枯的草卻很難到處可見”。 第二段中“the major causes of the Saharas advance”翻譯稍有難度，關鍵在于單詞“advance”，該詞的意思是“前進”，可以譯為“撒哈拉沙漠的擴張的原因”。 第三段中“Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert”稍有難度，單詞“encroach”為“侵犯，侵蝕”，翻譯為“不斷侵襲的沙漠”。本段最后一句中短語“take the lead”為“領先，走在前列”。 第四段最后一句“allowing them a full two months of the

25、 rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in”中短語“take root”為“生根，扎根”，“set in”為“（不好事物）扎根”。 第五段第一句“.the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive”翻譯稍有難度。本句中含有一個獨立主格的結構，根據(jù)上下文的語境，本句可以譯為“在經(jīng)歷了第一個旱季之后，這些小樹苗看上去都枯死了，只剩棕色的枝條從地上的洞中凸出來，但80%的樹苗都會

26、存活”。 第六段中“The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara”翻譯難度較大。其中“act like”與“play an important role”意思相近，需要把其中之一翻譯成其他表達?！癮cting like a large rough doormat”翻譯

27、為“起到粗糙的地墊作用”，而“play an important role”可翻譯為“在方面功不可沒”。最后的從句是現(xiàn)在分詞做結果狀語。Section 2 參考譯文(官方譯文)Good health is a prerequisite for promoting all-round development of the person. And it is a common pursuit of human societies to improve people's health and ensure their right to medical care. For China, a l

28、arge developing country, medical and healthcare is of vital importance to its population of over 1.3 billion, and is a major issue concerning its people's well being. China pays great attention to protecting and improving its people's health. As the Constitution stipulates, "The state d

29、evelops medical and health services, promotes modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine., all for the protection of the people's health." Over the years, China has worked hard to develop its medical and health services with Chinese characteristics in accordance with the policy of &qu

30、ot;making rural areas the focus of our work, putting disease prevention first, supporting both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, relying on science, technology and education, and mobilizing the whole of society to join the efforts, improving the people's health and serving socia

31、list modernization." Thanks to unremitting efforts that have been made, medical and healthcare systems covering both urban and rural residents have taken shape, the capabilities of disease prevention and control have been enhanced, the coverage of medical insurance has expanded, continuous prog

32、ress has been made in medical science and technology, and the people's health has been remarkably improved. With the quickened pace of the country's industrialization and urbanization, as well as its increasingly aging population, the Chinese people are facing the dual health threats of infectious and chronic diseases, and the public needs better medical and health services. In the meantime, problems still exist regarding China's health resources, especially the shortage of high-quality resources and the unbalanced distribution of those