牛津上海版中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)-3-介詞感嘆句閱讀D_學(xué)案

1、. 學(xué)科老師輔導(dǎo)學(xué)案 課程主題： 17-3-介詞感慨句閱讀D 學(xué)習(xí)目的1.注意介詞固定搭配與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式的差異；2.掌握常用介詞的固定搭配及各種不同用法考情解析。3.掌握感慨句的類型及考點(diǎn)。教學(xué)內(nèi)容1.名詞和冠詞的知識(shí)回憶一.介詞【知識(shí)梳理】1.介詞的用法介詞用于名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語(yǔ)或從句前，表示與其他成分的關(guān)系。介詞可以與名詞、形容詞和動(dòng)詞搭配表示不同的意義。2.表示時(shí)間段的介詞3.表示位置關(guān)系、運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞4.常用介詞的用法1about 1關(guān)于 例如：They had a discussion about the plan for the new term.他們討論了新

2、學(xué)期的方案。 2大約、差不多 例如：He will stay there for about four days.他要在那里大約待四天。2as 1作為 例如：He works as a captain on a ship.他在一艘船受騙船長(zhǎng)。 2與一樣 例如：He is the same age as my sister.他與我姐姐同歲.3表示價(jià)格、次數(shù)、速度等 例如：It was sold at that price.它是按這個(gè)價(jià)錢賣的。 You must do all this at a time.你們必須一次做好所有這一切。 He drove his car at 50 miles an

3、 hour.他開(kāi)車以每小時(shí)50英里的速度行駛。4by 1被、由用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 例如：Have you read any novel written by Lu Xun？你讀過(guò)魯迅寫的小說(shuō)嗎？ 2靠、用、通過(guò)手段、方法 例如：Do you want to send this letter by air mail or by ordinary mail？ 你是想航空郵寄還是普通郵寄這封信？ 3乘交通工具 例如：I will go there by bus,then on foot.我將乘公共汽車然后步行七那兒。5for 1表示目的 例如：Can you make a cake for me，mum？

4、媽媽，你能為我買個(gè)蛋糕嗎？ 2表示原因 例如：He did it for two reasons.他做出這件事出于兩個(gè)原因。 3對(duì)而言，表示對(duì)象 例如：It is necessary for the students to go to school on time.對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)按時(shí)到校是必要的。 4要求得到 例如：They often go to their teachers for advice.他們經(jīng)常去向老師請(qǐng)教。6from 1從，來(lái)自 例如：This present is from my friend.這份禮物是我朋友送我的。 2用制造組成看不出原材料 例如：Wine is made f

5、rom grapes.紅酒是由葡萄釀制的。7in 1用語(yǔ)言；用原材料 例如：We must write the essay in English我們必須用英語(yǔ)寫論文。 He likes signing his name in blue ink他喜歡用藍(lán)墨水簽名。 2表示穿著 例如：The lady in red is Miss Wang.穿紅衣服的這位女士是王老師。 3以形式；以方式 例如：In this way he has worked out two maths problems. 他用這種方式已經(jīng)做出兩道數(shù)學(xué)難題。8 like像、似一樣。 例如：You must never do th

6、ings like that你必須永遠(yuǎn)不再做那樣的事。9 of 1的 例如：Whats the population of China? 中國(guó)的人口有多少？ 2表示年齡 例如：When she wrote the book, she was only a girl of fifteen她寫這本書時(shí)年僅15歲。 3中最突出的 例如：Of all the subjects,I like maths best所有的學(xué)科中，我最喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。 4表示數(shù)量和種類 例如：A group of boys were playing football in the playground. 一群男孩正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。

7、 5用制造組成看得出原材料 例如：Our desks and chairs are made of wood我們的桌椅是木頭做的。10 on 1通過(guò) 例如：There will lie a tennis match on Channel 8 tonight今晚八頻道將有一場(chǎng)網(wǎng)球賽。 2去路上 例如：On his way home, he met his old friend在回家路上，他遇見(jiàn)了他的老朋友。 3處于情況狀態(tài)中 例如：The house is on fire這房子著火了。 4關(guān)于 例如：He will write a book on the history of Beijing他將

8、寫一本關(guān)于北京歷史的書。11 to 1表示對(duì)象 例如：I rose and passed the plate to him. 我起身把盤子給他。 2致使，表示結(jié)果 例如：To their joy, they won a prize in the contest. 在競(jìng)賽中獲獎(jiǎng)，使他們很快樂(lè)12 with 1表示共同關(guān)系：和；和一起 例如：I invited him to have dinner with me.我邀請(qǐng)他和我一起吃飯。 2表示工具、手段等；用；被 例如：The boy cut the wood with a knife.男孩用刀刻木頭。 3表示附屬關(guān)系：具有、帶有；在身邊 例如：

9、The Wright brothers invented the first plane with an engine. 萊特兄弟創(chuàng)造了第一架帶發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的飛機(jī)。 4表示原因：因?yàn)?、由?例如：With his help, I passed the test.在他的幫助下，我通過(guò)了測(cè)驗(yàn)。13without沒(méi)有、不 例如：You cant go in without a ticket.沒(méi)有票你不能進(jìn)去。5.形容詞與介詞的搭配 be famous for以知名 be pleased with對(duì)滿意 be interested in對(duì)感興趣 be angry with對(duì)生氣 be late for遲到

10、be ready for對(duì)做好了準(zhǔn)備 be good at擅長(zhǎng)于 be proud of為感到自豪 be busy with忙于 be surprised at對(duì)感到驚訝6.動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配 agree with同意某人意見(jiàn) enter for報(bào)名參加 help sb. with幫助某人 operate on給某人動(dòng)手術(shù) worry about為擔(dān)憂 point at指著 clearfrom去除 run after追趕 pay for付錢買 belong to屬于 protectfrom保護(hù) preferto寧可；更喜歡7.慣用詞組中的介詞 notat all一點(diǎn)也不 in fact事實(shí)上 i

11、n all總共 allby oneself單獨(dú) by the way順便 at the moment此刻 in a hurry匆忙地 in charge of負(fù)責(zé) in no time很快 from time to time不時(shí)地 in time及時(shí) on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)8.學(xué)習(xí)建議：1介詞的用法龐雜，學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要抓住其要害：弄清句子意思、句子構(gòu)造，分析介詞在句子中的成分；2掌握大量介詞短語(yǔ)與固定搭配對(duì)解題是非常有好處的；3巧用圖例如法：對(duì)于一些表示方位的介詞，可以借助圖例如進(jìn)展學(xué)習(xí)；4巧計(jì)時(shí)間名詞前介詞的用法，如下順口溜：年月周前要用in，日子前面卻不行；遇到幾號(hào)要用on，上午下午又是in；要說(shuō)某

12、日上下午，用on換in才能行；正午夜晚用at，黎明用它也不錯(cuò)；at也在鐘點(diǎn)前，說(shuō)“差用to，past表示“過(guò)；多說(shuō)多練牢牢記，莫讓歲月空蹉跎?！纠}精講】例1.The giraffe is a tall animal a long neck.A. onB. ofC. withD. around例2.Many students ask the Language Doctor _some advice and it is really helpful.A. onB. forC. toD. with例3.Dalian is in the north of China_5.9 million peop

13、le.A. orB. soC. andD. with例4.The students have about twenty days _ for Spring Festival every year.A. onB. outC. inD. off【課堂練習(xí)】1.-Do you know the girl over there _?-It is said that its selfish _her to think only_ herself.A. much, for, ofB. well, for, aboutC. nice, of, overD. well, of, of2.-Would you

14、like some coffee or milk?-No,thanks. I would rather drink tea _milk in itA. thatB. asC. thanD. with3.Mr. James wasnt competitive at all, and it was not long_Ms firm went bankrupt.A. afterB. when C. untilD. before4. Many women in China would like to be dressed _ red_ their wedding day.A. in;in B. in;

15、on C. on;on D. on;in5.-Who would you choose as your best friend?-Id choose Simon.Hes willing to help others_ need_their Maths.A. for;withB. in;withC. with;forD. to;/二.感慨句【知識(shí)梳理】1.感慨句的概念感慨句是表示喜怒哀樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。感慨句句末通常用感慨號(hào)，讀時(shí)一般用降調(diào)。2.感慨句的根本句型【句型一】What + a / an + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)！What a clever boy he is! 他是

16、個(gè)多么聰明的男孩啊！What an interesting story it is! 這是個(gè)多么有趣的故事?。hat fine weather it is! 多好的天氣??！What beautiful flowers they are! 它們是多么漂亮的花??！【說(shuō)明】在感慨句中，What a / an 常用來(lái)修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，假設(shè)其前面的形容詞為元音開(kāi)頭，那么用 an。what 是用來(lái)修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，當(dāng)前面有形容詞修飾，使抽象名詞詳細(xì)化時(shí)，那么要用 what a / an，如：What

17、a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場(chǎng)雨?。hat a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇??！What a rich breakfast it is! 多么豐富的一頓早餐?。　揪湫投縃ow + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)！How well you look! 你氣色真好!How kind you are! 你心腸真好!How beatifully you sing! 你唱得真好聽(tīng)!Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!How clever the boy is! 這個(gè)男孩多么聰明??！How fast he runs!

18、他跑得多么快??！【說(shuō)明】how還可以修飾動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成感慨句，但動(dòng)詞不提早。如：How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成為一名醫(yī)生??！How she dances! 她跳得多好啊！3.感慨句解題方法一一找，二斷，三辨，四確定構(gòu)成感慨句的感慨詞有兩個(gè)：what和how，其根本構(gòu)造是：1What名詞陳述肯定式：2How形容詞或副詞陳述肯定式很多初學(xué)者常常對(duì)該用what還是該用how弄不清楚。如：_cold water this is！AHow BWhat_cold it is！AWhat BHow假如我們采取“一找二斷三辨四確定的方法很快就能確定該選哪個(gè)感慨詞?！耙徽壹聪日页鼍渲?/p>

19、的主語(yǔ)。“二斷就是在句中的名詞形容詞、副詞等與代詞或名詞之連續(xù)開(kāi)。例如上面第一句應(yīng)在water與this中斷開(kāi)因this是指示代詞，斷開(kāi)后區(qū)分?jǐn)嗑€前面的詞的詞性，也就是所謂“三辨，句中斷線前的詞是water，而water是名詞。第四步，就可迅速確定假如是名詞就選what。所以第一例句就選B。用這個(gè)方法我們會(huì)對(duì)上面第二個(gè)例句作出如下判斷：_coldit is！斷開(kāi)線，其前cold是形容詞，故應(yīng)填How。上面兩個(gè)例句是最根本最簡(jiǎn)單的填空題形式。但只要掌握這個(gè)方法，即使再?gòu)?fù)雜的填空題也會(huì)迎刃而解。不過(guò)還要注意，假如斷開(kāi)后，斷線前的那個(gè)中心詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，千萬(wàn)別忘了在感慨詞與名詞間加冠詞aan。例如

20、：_nice present it is！AHow BWhatCHow DWhat a用上述方法，從present與it之連續(xù)開(kāi)，斷線前present是名詞，且為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，nice又以輔音開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)選D。4.感慨句解題技巧二“斷找去添改五步法假設(shè)把一個(gè)陳述句變?yōu)楦锌洌梢圆扇∵@“五步法。如：The picture is very beautiful斷：在陳述句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后將句子斷開(kāi)：The picture isvery beautiful找：劃出斷線后的中心詞是何詞類。去：中心詞是形容詞或副詞時(shí)，要把修飾該形容詞或副詞的詞去掉。比方本句中心詞beautiful是形容詞，修飾該詞的是ver

21、y，變時(shí)應(yīng)去掉very。但須注意，線后假如是名詞，名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)是萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不能去掉的。添：就是添上感慨詞。假如線后的中心詞是名詞，就添What；是形容詞或副詞就添How。改：將陳述句句前的大寫改為小寫，將變?yōu)楦锌涞母锌~及其修飾的名詞部分放在句首，感慨詞首寫字母改為大寫。同時(shí)句尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)由陳述句的句號(hào)改為感慨句的感慨號(hào)。據(jù)此，上句就變成了：How beautiful the picture is！再如：要把“He is a good student變成感慨句，可如上法炮制：He isa good student中心詞是名詞student，a good為修飾student的修飾語(yǔ)，不能去掉，故變成感

22、慨句應(yīng)選感慨詞what，變成：What a good student he is！【例題精講】例1. exciting news report weve heard !Yes, team of our women teachers won the first place in the dancing competition.A. What, theB. How, theC. What an, aD. What, a例2._ interesting book the reporter named Chai Jing has written! I agree with you. Her artic

23、les are not only interesting, but also meaningful.A. What aB. What anC. HowD. How an例3._ lovely weather we are having these days!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an【課堂練習(xí)】1. it is to have a cold drink on such a hot day!A. What a funB. How funC. What funD. How a fun2. disappointed she will be if she know

24、s the result of the match!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an3. sunny day it is! Lets go to fly kites.A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a4.Look at the picture. beautiful Sanya is! Ill go there this summer holiday.A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a5. strong the wind is! We could hardly walk in the wind.A. WhatB.

25、 HowC. What aD. How a三.答復(fù)以下問(wèn)題【知識(shí)梳理】1.題型概述答復(fù)以下問(wèn)題題型是 “閱讀理解的一種形式，考察學(xué)生信息查找才能、語(yǔ)篇理解才能和歸納概括才能。題目難度介于閱讀理解和寫作之間,要求學(xué)生在看懂文章的根底上給出的問(wèn)題答案。要求學(xué)生要有很好的閱讀理解和歸納總結(jié)的才能，并且可以根據(jù)所給題目準(zhǔn)確找出解題根據(jù)，給出答案，注意細(xì)節(jié)。文體主要還是以記敘文為主，其他文體為輔。其中，問(wèn)題類型的設(shè)置也是比較固定的。2.解題技巧1讀懂問(wèn)題通讀全文信息定位準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)防止答非所問(wèn)；2注意以材料為本。無(wú)論是單詞、詞組、句子，還是人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等，都要根據(jù)文章類型準(zhǔn)確填寫；3注意文章中的

26、人稱和時(shí)態(tài)，做到問(wèn)答一致?？荚嚂r(shí)最常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤就是時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)用錯(cuò)；4靈敏運(yùn)用同義詞語(yǔ)的交換和各種句型的不同表達(dá)；5對(duì)于開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題的答復(fù)，應(yīng)根據(jù)文章提供的素材，根據(jù)全文大意、中心思想和作者的情感、立場(chǎng)展開(kāi)合理的想象；6在對(duì)待生詞的處理上，要一分為二地對(duì)待。有些不影響理解的生詞如地名，人名可直接無(wú)視掉。有些生詞前后會(huì)出現(xiàn)破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)或者出現(xiàn)that is to say 或者that means等詞時(shí)，其實(shí)就是解釋說(shuō)明的作用?？梢宰⒁馔茰y(cè)出詞意；7態(tài)度要端正，目前每年的篇幅都是呈上升的趨勢(shì)，所以學(xué)生要有心理準(zhǔn)備，務(wù)必要把握好做閱讀題的節(jié)奏。【例題精講】例1. Isabel Allendes novels

27、 are enjoyed all over the world. She is famous for her creativity and imagination. And her own personal story is as amazing as any she has ever told in a novel. Born in 1942, Allendes family moved often during her childhood. She went to school in South America, Europe, and Asia. As a young woman, sh

28、e became a journalist in Santiago, Chiles智利capital city. Then, she got married and had two children. In 1970, everything began to change.Leaving home Isabel Allendes uncle was a political leader named Salvador Allende. In 1970, her uncle was elected president of Chile. In 1973, Augusto Pinochet led

29、a military takeover軍事接收of the Chilean government. President Allende was killed during the fighting. When Isabel Allende began to fear for her life, she and her family decided to move to Venezuela委內(nèi)瑞拉.From Newspaper to Novels It was really a painful experience for Isabel Allendo to flee her country.

30、Without this experience, however, Allende says she never would have begun writing novels. Then she got a phone call from Chile. Her grandfather was dying. She knew she could not return home to be with him, but she wanted to respect him in someway.“I decided to write a letter about all the things he

31、told us when we were young,Allende explains. Later, he wrote a long letter which became Allendes first novel, The House of the Spirits.The Writing Life“I spent ten, twelve hours a day in a room, writing, Allen says, “I dont talk to anybody; I dont answer the phone. When she finishes the first draft草

32、稿of a new novel, Allende mails a copy to her toughest critic最嚴(yán)厲的評(píng)論家.“I send it to my mother in Chile. She reads it and come here with a red pencil. We fight for a month at least.Allende then goes back to work until she feels the book is finished.“The storytelling is the fun part, she says.“The writi

33、ng can be a lot of work!1.Isabel Allendes own personal story is very amazing, isnt it?_ 2.What was Isabel Allende before she got married?_ 3.How did the military takeover influence影響Isabel Allendes life?_ 4.Why did Isabel Allende start writing her first novel?_ 5.How do you understand“We fight for a

34、 month at least in the last paragraph?_ 6.What kind of person do you think Isabel Allende is? Give your reasons._ 【課堂練習(xí)】1.Antarctica南極洲is the fifth-largest continent on Earth. It is also the coldest, windiest, driest and highest continent. It is an ice-covered place where no large plants grow, and n

35、o land animals live there. Antarctica covers an area of more than 13.6 million square kilometers. It is nearly twice the size of Australia, or one-and-a half times the size of the United States of America. Antarctica does not belong to one country, and it has no government. People visit Antarctica-u

36、sually as tourists, or to do scientific research- but no one lives there all the time. Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. It is not certain who first saw Antarctica, but sailors began to map Antarcticas coast from their ships in the 1800s. The first confirmed 證實(shí)landing was in the mi

37、d-1890s. Over the next few years, several men tried but failed to reach the South Pole, which is the Earths southernmost point. Finally, a team led by Norwegian Roald Amundsen reached the South Poe in 1911. By then, countries around the world were becoming more and more interested in the frozen cont

38、inent, and soon seven nations: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom, had laid claim to parts of Antarctica. As so many nations had made a claim to territory in Antarctica, it was clear that fighting might break out. Diplomats外交官from different countries want

39、ed to stop a war from starting, so they began talking about a treaty for Antarctica A treaty is a written agreement signed by tow or more nations. Several countries had already set up research stations in Antarctic where scientists could live and work. Most scientists worked during the summer months

40、 when it was not as cold as in winter. Scientist hoped a treaty would allow them to continue their work and to exchange information with scientists from countries.1.Antarctica is the largest continent on Earth, isnt it?_ 2.How big is Antarctic?_ 3.Who first saw Antarctica?_ 4.How many nations had la

41、id claim to parts of Antarctica ?_ 5.Why did diplomats from different countries begin talking about a treaty for Antarctica?_ 6.Would you like to work in Antarctica in the future? Why? Give 2-3 reasons_ 1.He will come here _5:00 _6:00 this afternoon.A. among; andB. between; andC. from; toD. among; o

42、r2.The key _ English well is to read more when _.A. to learn, possibleB. of learning, possiblyC. of learning, was possibleD. to learning, possible3.The journey to Beijing might _only a very short time _such cars that travel _such a speed.A. spend; in; atB. take; by; atC. cost; on;byD. take; in;at4.

43、good time we have had in the junior middle school!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a5.Aexpensive Bhand in Cready Dcomplete Elook upLast Sunday, I went to the post office to subscribe訂閱 some magazines. I was there for half an hour and there was still a long line in front of me. My turn came at last. I qu

44、ickly got everything done, and was 1_ to leave .Just then, someone came nearer to me. I stopped to 2_ and saw him ，old and thin, with a dirty coat on him which had been worn out. I could see easily that he was poor, from the far mountain area. I stepped backward. I was in my 3_ new coat. He told me

45、he wanted to send some money home but didnt know how to 4_ the table in the sheet. He asked me if I could help him. “But you can ask the clerk. After these words, I looked away and froze into silence.6.The twins_argue about what TV programmes to watch when I got home.7.Taizhou is developing quickly.

46、 A number of _ visit around the world come here every year.8.She likes talking to others while_wait for the bus.9.This problem is not as difficult as that one. 保持原句意思This problem is_ _ than that one.10.People will talk about the safety of girls during the next meeting.改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)The safety of girls_ _ ta

47、lked about during the next meeting.11.“Where can I buy some postcards? the tourist wondered. 賓語(yǔ)從句The tourist wondered_ he_ buy some postcards.12. In a book called Magnificent Obsession, by Lloyd C. Douglas, a description is given of people helping others but doing it secretly. When difficult problem

48、s worried a person, friends nearby would meet to discuss possible solution without the person knowing their actions. When a solution was agreed upon, one or two of the friends would carry out the plan and solve the problem secretly, to the great delight of the worried person. The helpers would stand

49、 by privately, content with their success. No reward was given to the problem solvers, not even a sincere “thank you, because they were never known. This idea is popular today but in a different way. The phrase “pay it forward is now used when one person helps another. However, the person helped may

50、 not be able to repay the person or group that helped them. So rather than return the favor to their helpers, they are supposed to help someone else in the future, which means they pay it forward. It is a sense of responsibility責(zé)任 which makes us want to give back in equal measure to the one who has

51、helped us. But, in this case, the responsibility turns to helping someone in the future. Suppose your elderly grandmother pays part of your schooling. She may tell you there is no need to repay her because it is a gift from someone who loves you very much. Nothing would please her more than to have

52、you use her money to get a good education. You may never be able to repay her for such a gift. However, she not only gave you some money, but she provided you with an example that you should also help other people who need it. People with serious needs are everywhere. Many are children who need better clothes, more books and even better schools. Some are elderly people who cant afford their medicine or a doctors care. Consider how you can “pay it forward rather than pay money back to your grandmother.1. The helpers in the book “Magnificent Obsession