中考動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)復習

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上專題復習七 動詞的時態(tài)基礎知識梳理（一） 初中階段需要掌握的8種時態(tài)時態(tài)構成一般現(xiàn)在時主語+動詞原形+其他主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動詞的單數(shù)形式+其他一般過去時主語+動詞過去式+其他一般將來時主語+will+動詞原形+其他主語+be going to+動詞原形+其他主語（第一人稱 I /we）+shall + 動詞原形+其他現(xiàn)在進行時主語+am/is/are +v. ing + 其他過去進行時主語+was/ were +v. ing + 其他現(xiàn)在完成時主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他過去完成時主語 + had + 過去分詞+其他過去將來時主語 + would +

2、動詞原形+其他主語 + was/were going to + 動詞原形注意：現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)在課文中出現(xiàn)過，學生可作基本了解?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時的構成： 主語+ have/ has + been + 現(xiàn)在分詞+其他（二）時態(tài)的應用及動詞變化形式考點1：一般現(xiàn)在時1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法用法例句表示習慣性、經常性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與always，often，sometimes，usually, never, twice a month, every day等頻率副詞或時間狀語連用。I often go to school at seven. 我經常在七點鐘去上學。We visit Uncle L

3、iu every month. 我們每月都去看望劉叔叔。表示客觀事實或 普遍真理。The sun rises in the east. 太陽在東方升起。在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中，表示將要發(fā)生的動作。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will leave. 如果明天不下雨我將離開。go，come，leave，arrive等瞬間動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示計劃、安排好的將要發(fā)生的動作。The train for Beijing leaves at 5: 30. 開往北京的火車5: 30離開。2. 句式變換含有be動詞實義動詞肯定句式主語+am/is/are +其他主語+動詞

4、一般現(xiàn)在時+其他否定句主語+am/is/are +not +其他主語+dont/doesnt +動詞原形+其他疑問句Am /Is / Are+主語+其他？Do/Does+主語+其他？考點2：一般過去時1. 用法: 表示過去的動作或狀態(tài) 2. 構成： was/were+表語； 實義動詞的過去式3. 標志詞： a moment ago, just now, ago, last night/week/month/year., yesterday例如：I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。 His uncle went to Beijing las

5、t week. 上周他的叔叔去了北京。4. 句式變換含有be動詞實義動詞肯定句式主語+was/were +其他主語+動詞過去式+其他否定句主語+was/were +其他主語+didnt +動詞原形+其他疑問句Was/Were +主語+其他Did+主語+其他？注：在時間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般過去時代替過去將來時。 例如： He said he would not go if it rained. 他說如果下雨他就不去了?？键c3：現(xiàn)在進行時1. 用法：（1）表示現(xiàn)在（說話瞬間）正在發(fā)生的動作。例：They are watching TV now. 他們現(xiàn)在正在看電視。Listen! The b

6、ird is singing in the tree. 聽！鳥兒正在樹上唱歌（2）表示當前一段時間內的活動或現(xiàn)階段一直進行的動作。例：She is working in a factory. 她正在一家工廠工作。（3）表示位置移動的動詞，如come，go，leave，arrive等常用現(xiàn)在進行時表示最近即將發(fā)生的動作。 例：Im coming. 我這就來。 We are leaving tomorrow. 我們將明天離開。（4）現(xiàn)在進行時與always，all the time等副詞或短語連用常表示某種強烈的感情。例：Alice is always thinking of others. 艾麗

7、斯總是想著別人。2. 構成及句式變換構成be(am/is/are) +動詞-ing肯定句主語+be+動詞-ing+其他否定句主語+be+not+動詞-ing+其他疑問句Be +主語+動詞-ing+其他3. 常用時間標志詞：now, Look! Listen! These days, at this moment, what are you doing,?考點4：過去進行時構成肯定句：S+ was (were) + v. -ing+其他否定句：S+ was (were) + not + v. -ing+其他一般疑問句：Was (Were) + S + v. -ing+其他用法表示過去某一時刻或某

8、一時間段內正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。（動作發(fā)生的特定時間常用一個短語或時間狀語從句來表明）常用的時間標志詞at 9: 00 a. m. yesterday; at this time last night；from seven to nine; when, while引導的時間狀語從句【注意】(1)在含有時間狀語從句的復合句中，延續(xù)時間較長的動作用過去進行時，另一個短暫性動作用一般過去時。例如：My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 在公園散步的時候，我的鋼筆掉到地上了。(2)表示兩個延續(xù)性動作在過去某一時刻同時進行

9、，不考慮動作的先后順序，主句和從句的謂語動詞都用過去進行時，連詞常用while。例如：The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework. 學生們在看書，而老師在批改他們的家庭作業(yè)。考點5： 一般將來時1. 一般將來時的構成：（1）will +動詞原形(主語是第一人稱時也可用shall +動詞原形)（2）be (am, is, are) going to +動詞原形2. 一般將來時的用法：（1）表示在將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與tomorrow, soon, later, next tim

10、e, in+一段時間等連用。例如： Ill start tomorrow. 我明天動身。（2）“be going to +動詞原形”用于表示主觀上打算將來要做某事，這種打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事情。例如：She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress. 她買了一些布，準備為自己做一件連衣裙?！咀⒁狻恳话銓頃r的其他表達方式(1)“be +doing”表示按計劃安排好的事情，常與少量表示位置移動的動詞，如go，come，start，move，leave等連用Im leaving fo

11、r Beijing tomorrow. 明天我就要動身去北京了。(2)在表示車、船、飛機等的進出時間時，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來My plane will take off/takes off at 6: 30 a. m. 我乘坐的飛機將在早上6: 30起飛?？键c6. 現(xiàn)在完成時1. 構成： have/has+動詞的過去分詞 2. 用法:（1）表示說話之前已經完成了的動作，而且這個動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，常與already，yet， in the past few years等時間狀語連用。 例：I have seen the film already. 我已經看過這部電影了。（已知電影內容）（2

12、）表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與by now，so far，since, for等時間狀語連用I have studied in the school since 2009. 自從2009年我就在這所學校學習。3. 用現(xiàn)在完成時來描述一個從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作時，其謂語動詞一定要用延續(xù)性動詞?，F(xiàn)在完成時中的時間狀語表示的是一段時間時，句中的動詞一定要用延續(xù)性動詞。常見非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉化對照表：非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞borrow/lendkeepdiebe deadopenbe openclosebe closedbuyhavejoinbe in

13、/a member ofleavebe away (from)finish/endbe overbegin/startbe onarrive/comebe here/ incatch/get a coldhave a coldmarrybe married4. 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別區(qū)別例句一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純的敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，強調過去，與具體的表示過去的時間連用Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 兩年前湯姆住在北京。（不知道現(xiàn)在是否還住在北京）現(xiàn)在完成時的動作雖然是發(fā)生在過去，但是對現(xiàn)在有影響Tom has lived in B

14、eijing for two years. 湯姆住在北京兩年了。（現(xiàn)在湯姆仍然還在北京）考點7. 過去完成時1. 構成：主語+had+過去分詞2. 用法：（1）表示過去某一時間或動作之前已經發(fā)生或完成了的動作（即“過去的過去”）。因此使用過去完成時必須以過去某一時間作為前提，通常用by, before短語或when, before, after, until等引導的從句來表示。例如： After the sun had set, we decided to return home. 太陽落山以后，我們決定回家。（2）用于賓語從句，從句表示在主句以前發(fā)生的動作。 She wondered who

15、 had left the door open. 她想知道是誰讓門開著的。（3）現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時的區(qū)別用法例句現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時的用法相同，只是作為衡量標準的時間不同；現(xiàn)在完成時是以現(xiàn)在這個時刻作衡量標準，而過去完成時是以過去某個時間作衡量標準He has travelled to most of the cities in China in the past five years. 五年來他已經游遍了中國的大多數(shù)城市。When we got there, the football match had already started. 當我們趕到那里時，足球比賽已經開始了?？键c8.

16、過去將來時(1)構成：would + 動詞原形 should + 動詞原形 was/were + going to + 動詞原形(2)過去將來時的用法：用法例句表示從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；這種時態(tài)常用于賓語從句或間接引語中；常用的時間狀語有two days later, the next week, the following day等Tom said he would come. 湯姆說他要來的。Linda said she was going to see her aunt. 琳達說她打算去看她的姑媽。Mr. Green told us we were going to

17、 have a party at the weekend. 格林先生告訴我們周末我們要辦一個晚會?！咀⒁狻吭谟蒳f引導的條件狀語從句中，主句是過去將來時，if從句只能用一般過去時代替過去將來時。例如：They said that they would go fishing if it didnt rain the next day. 【巧學妙記】should, would加原形，“過去將來”就構成。過去將來不獨立，經常用于“賓從句”。過去認為將發(fā)生，過去將來時態(tài)用。過去將來不單行，只可用于從句中?！眷柟叹毩暋?1. I saw Sam and David on the playground y

18、esterday afternoon. They _games with their classmates then. A. play B. will play C. are playing C. were playing2. John always _others when they are in trouble. A. help B. was helping C. helps D. helped3. Where is Mr Black? I have something important to tell him. You cant find him. He _ Hong Kong. A.

19、 will go to B. would go to C. has gone to D. has been to4.Have you ever been to Shanghai? Yes. I _ there a few months ago. A. have been B. went C. have gone D. go5. Shall we go shopping now? Sorry, I cant. I _my shirts. A. wash B. am washing C. washed D. have washed7. Bob _the plants while his fathe

20、r was cooking dinner. A. will water B. was watering C. is watering D. has watered8. I _ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it! A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from9. There _ some flowers on the teachers desk just now, but now there _ nothing on it. A. have; has B. we

21、re; was C. were; is D. has; has10. I called you at 4: 00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. Sorry, I _ with my friends at that time. A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. was swimming11. Do you have any plans for tonight? Yes, I _at the new Italian restaurant in town. A. eat B. have eaten C. ate D.

22、 am going to eat12. I dont know if Eric _this Sunday. If he _here, Ill call you at once.A. will come; will come B. come; comes C. comes; will come D. will come; comes13. John and I _to visit his grandparents last Sunday afternoon. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone14. I _football quite well, but

23、I havent had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play15. Look on the bright side of the life, and imagine that you _ a happy and successful future. A. had B. will have C. have D. have had16. We _all our money on the clothes, so lets walk home now.A. have spent B

24、. spend C. spent D. are spending17. Dont disturb Allen now. He _for the Spelling Bee competition.A. prepares B. prepared C. is preparing D. will prepare18. Stop smoking, Joe! You _(kill) yourself if you keep on doing it like that.19. They _ friends since they met in Shanghai.A. have madeB. have beco

25、meC. have beenD. have had20. We all know that ice _.A. feel coldB. is felt soldC. is feeling coldD. feels cold【鏈接中考】1. (2017.泰安) With the development of science and technology, robot cooks _in our families in the future.A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. is appearing2. (2017. 煙臺) Look at my new

26、 smart phone. Wow, its so cool. When and where _you _buy it.A. do; buy B. have; bought C. did; buy D. have; had3. （2017.菏澤）She _ ten years ago You mean she _ him for ten years？ A. married； has got married to B. got married； has got married with

27、C. got married； has been married with D. got married； has been married to4. (2017.萊蕪) I didnt see your father yesterday when I went to your house.Oh, he _strawberries on the farm.A. Picks B. picked C. was picking D. has picked5. (2017. 濰坊) A little effort every day, you _a big difference .A. makes B

28、. made C. have made D. will make6. (2017.日照) New media, like WeChat, _the way of communications nowadays.A. are changing B. will change C. changed D. were changing 7. (2017.東營) Since I came here, I _(discover) something else interesting. In the future, I _(go) to many other parts of China.、8. (2017.

29、四川) Did you hear someone knocks at the door just now? Sorry, I _ to my friend on the phone.9. (2016.濱州) A truth friend r_ for your hands and touches your heart.10. (2015.東營) while he_ (prepare) for the race, he fell ill suddenly and was sent to the hospital.11. （2014.東營動詞填空）It was 7:30 in the evenin

30、g, she (1)_ still_(work) in the fields. She is much busier than my father. Every day she (2)_(get) up early at 4:00 in the morning, and keeps on working till evening. One day I (3)_(call) her at eight in the evening. She said, “Ive just got home from the vineyard and (4)_(not have) supper yet. I (5)

31、_(wash) the clothes now.”12. (2013.東營）The Dongying-Hainan airline for about 5 months. I have taken the flights three times. A. is open B. has openedC. has been openD. has been opened13. （2012.東營）There a football match and a concert this weekend. Which one would you like to go? A. is B. areC. will be

32、D. will have14. （2010.東營） “Ill pay him as soon as he the TV set to my home.” said the man. A. sendsB. sentC. is sendingD. will send15. （2014.聊城）May I speak to Ann? Sorry, she isnt in. She _France. A. has gone to B. has been to C. was going to D. goes to 16. (2011.東營) I_( wait) for the elevator when

33、I heard the man call.17. (2010.淄博) Peter usually w_ his clothes on weekends.18. (2013. 青島）An advertisement sometimes _(lead) customers to buy something they dont need at all.19. （2013.濱州）Shall I tell Tom the good news? No, you neednt. I _(tell) him already.20. (2016.北京) A new road _(built) near my s

34、chool next year. 專題復習八 語態(tài)縱觀近幾年東營的中考試題，語態(tài)題大多以動詞填空形式出現(xiàn)，很少出現(xiàn)在單選。動詞填空中幾乎每年都考察到被動語態(tài)的題，多涉及到一般過去時、一般將來時、一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)?！净A知識梳理】考點1 被動語態(tài)的構成 一、被動語態(tài)由“主語+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成，助動詞有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。常考被動語態(tài)的構成結構例句一般現(xiàn)在時：主語+am/is/are+過去分詞The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都打掃。一般過去時：主語+was/were+過去分詞Our school was built in 1998

35、. 我們的學校在1998年建造。一般將來時：主語+will+be+過去分詞The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 運動會明天舉行?，F(xiàn)在完成時：主語+has/have +been+過去分詞The bank has been built. 銀行已經建成了。過去將來時：主語+ would + be +過去分詞Ann told me she would be sent to America. 安告訴我她將被派往美國。含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞The bike cant be put here. 這輛自行車不能被放在這里。二、主動語

36、態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法 第一步：先確定主動句的主、謂、賓，找出其中的謂語動詞。 第二步：把主動句中謂語動詞后面的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，若賓語是人稱代詞，應把賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛?第三步：把主動句中的謂語動詞變?yōu)椤爸鷦釉~be + 及物動詞的過去分詞”，但時態(tài)不能改變。 第四步：把主動句中謂語動詞前面的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲薪樵~by的賓語（沒必要說出動作的執(zhí)行者時可省略），若主語是人稱代詞時，應把主格變?yōu)橘e格。考點2 被動語態(tài)的幾種特殊形式 1. 主動句中感官動詞see/hear/watch/feel等和使役動詞make/let/have等后跟省略to的動詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時應加上不定式符號to。例如We s

37、aw an alien get out of the UFO. An alien was seen to get out of the UFO. 【注意點】后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，賓補部分不變。對比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room. 2. 謂語動詞后接雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）時，（1）把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。例如： He gave me a new book. I was given a new book by

38、him. (2)把直接賓語變主語，間接賓語不變。例如： He gave me a new book. A new book was given to me by him. 3. 句中謂語是動詞短語時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要注意其完整性。 Jack turned on the TV just now. The TV was turned on by Jack just now. 4. 帶有復合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只須把賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，而賓語補足語仍保留在原處，作主語補足語。例如： Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once. We

39、 were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher. 5. 主動表被動(1) feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。例如： The dishes smell so delicious. 菜聞起來真香。 Your idea sounds better. 你的主意聽起來更好。 (2)有些動詞，如sell, cut, drive, wash, clean, write, open, lock等，作為不及物動詞時可以用主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。例如： Books of Harry Pott

40、er sell well. 哈利·波特系列的書很暢銷。 My pen writes smoothly. 我的鋼筆寫起字來很流暢。(3) sth. need/ want/ require doing相當于 sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被動結構)。例如： Your room needs cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房間需要打掃了。(4) be worth doing(值得做) 中的doing表示被動含義。 The movie is worth watching by eve

41、ryone. 這部電影值得所有人看一看。6. 不用被動語態(tài)的情況(1)系動詞、不及物動詞或某些動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)。 例如：come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等；(2)主動句的賓語是不定式或doing時不能用作被動語態(tài)的主語；(3)反身代詞或each other不能作被動語態(tài)的主語。7. 被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別 “be + p. p. ”表示動作時是被動語態(tài)；“be + p. p. ”表示主語所處的狀態(tài)時是系表結構。(1)含有“by + 賓語”結構強調動作執(zhí)行者，此時為被動語態(tài)。例如： The window is broken. 窗戶

42、壞了。（系表結構） The window is broken by me. 窗戶是我打破的。（被動語態(tài)） (2)句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般是被動語態(tài)。例如： The door was closed. 門是關著的。（系表結構） The door was closed at 9: 00. 九點鐘關的門。（被動語態(tài)） (3)系表結構中常用介詞搭配，被動語態(tài)中沒有介詞搭配。例如： Were worried about the boy. 我們擔心那個男孩。(4)系表結構的過去分詞可以被副詞修飾。例如： Im really surprised at the news. 我對這個消息真的感到很驚訝。

43、(5)系表結構通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時，而被動語態(tài)可用于多種時態(tài)?！眷柟叹毩暋?. A football match between Class Two and Class Three _ tomorrow afternoon. A. is held B. was held C. must be held D. will be held2. Look at that sign. Smoking _ here. A. isnt allowed B. doesnt allow C. arent allowed D. dont allow3. Im glad to find that many

44、 trees _ in our city last year. A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted4.Lets play computer games this evening. It _ good. A. sounds B. feels C. tastes D. smells5. There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people _. A. save B. saved C. are saved D. were saved6. Were very glad

45、to know that a great sports meeting _ in Guiyang this September. A. will hold B. will be held C. will be hold D. holds7. In many places in China, the old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government. A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are t

46、aken good care8. At last the boy was made _ and began to laugh. A. stop crying B. to stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop to cry9. You should have to stay behind if your homework _ before five oclock. A. isnt done B. wont be done C. doesnt do D. wasnt done10. Have you moved into the house? Not yet.

47、 The rooms _.A. are being paintedB. are paintingC. are paintedD. are being painting.11. Two months after beginning the new work hours, good results _(report) in Jinan.12. Andrew worked hard and helped the company get a lot of money. So he _(give) a raise by his boss.13. All the classes _ (teach) in

48、English, because the pupils _(speak) English since the age of six.14. Maybe somebody will give your purse back after it _ (find)15. when and where to build the new one _(not decide) yet.【鏈接中考】1. (2017.臨沂) They have collected more than 14,000 books since the library _last month. A. built B. was built

49、 C. builds D. is built2. (2017.青島) Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they _ to drive a car.A. are allowed B. allowed C. will be allowed D. allow3. (2017.萊蕪) More schools in Laiwu_to provide children with better education in a few years.A. built B. are built C. were built D. will be built 4. (

50、2017.泰安) As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _ in more and more schools out of our country.A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught5.（2017. 河北）Hangzhou _as the City of silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there. A. knows B. is known C. was known C. will be known6.（2017. 安徽）Mr.

51、Green _to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites7.（2017. 上海）The museum _next month to celebrate the Science &Technology Festival. A. is decorated B. will decorate C. is decorating D. will be decorated 8.（2017. 北京）The mobile phone _i

52、n 1973. A. invents B. id invented C. invented D. was invented 9. (2016.菏澤) When you go abroad, youll find that so many products in local shops _in China. A. made B. have made C. are made D. make10. (2011.濟寧) China has offered much help to Japan since it _by the earthquake and tsunami(海嘯). A. hits B.

53、 is hit C. was hit D. will be hit11.( 2015 .湖北) How often do I need to feed the dog?lt _ food every day, or it will be hungry.A. must give B. must be give C. must gave D. must be given12.（2017.東營）British people _(tell) not to make any kind of bodily noise at the dinner table when they are still children.13.（2016