建筑給排水設(shè)計(jì)施工相關(guān)問(wèn)題分析

1、 建筑給排水設(shè)計(jì)施工相關(guān)問(wèn)題分析Building water supply and drainage design and construction related problem analysis摘要：本文主要圍繞著建筑給排水設(shè)計(jì)施工相關(guān)問(wèn)題，簡(jiǎn)單分析了建筑給排水設(shè)計(jì)思路，介紹了給排水施工設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題，最后就給排水設(shè)計(jì)中的節(jié)水問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了探討。Pick to: this article mainly revolves around the building water supply and drainage design and construction related issues,

2、a simple analysis of the building water supply and drainage design, presents the design of water supply and drainage construction should pay attention to the problem, finally the water problems in water supply and drainage design are discussed in this paper. 關(guān)鍵詞：建筑給排水；設(shè)計(jì)施工；污水處理Keywords: building wat

3、er supply and drainage; Design and construction; Sewage treatment 引言：隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展與人們生活水平的日益提高，人們對(duì)于現(xiàn)代住宅有著越來(lái)越多的要求，例如，需要更多的靈活性與適應(yīng)性等。給排水的設(shè)計(jì)則是實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代住宅靈活性與適應(yīng)性功能的主要組成部分。Preface: with the continuous development of modern science and technology and the increasing of people's living standard, people have m

4、ore and more requirements for modern residence, for example, the need for more flexibility and adaptability, etc. Water supply and drainage design is to realize the modern housing flexibility and adaptive functions of main components. 一、建筑給排水設(shè)計(jì)思路A, building water supply and drainage design 1.1給水系統(tǒng)1.

5、1 water supply system 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)要為每幢住宅設(shè)一個(gè)獨(dú)立的給水系統(tǒng)，采用蓄水池水泵水箱減壓閥用水點(diǎn)的供給方式。它既能滿足市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施滯后于住宅建筑快速發(fā)展帶來(lái)的弊端，避免對(duì)市政給水管網(wǎng)造成沖擊；又能解決高層民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范中對(duì)消防前期貯水量的要求。System design for each house to set up an independent water supply system, adopting reservoir, water pump, water tank, pressure reducing valve, water supply mode. It

6、 can meet the municipal infrastructure lags behind that of residential construction rapid development will bring disadvantages, to avoid the impact of municipal water supply pipe network; And can solve the code for fire protection design of tall buildings on fire early in the reservoir capacity requ

7、irements. 1.2 消火栓給水系統(tǒng)1.2 fire hydrant water supply system 建筑滅火設(shè)計(jì)已成為建筑給排水設(shè)計(jì)的重要組成部分。在消火栓給水系統(tǒng)中更注重?fù)渚瘸跗诨馂?zāi)，系統(tǒng)中才采用穩(wěn)壓泵保持系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)高壓。在分區(qū)中可采用減壓閥、多出口水泵、穩(wěn)壓閥，以保證消火栓的水壓和出水量。為保證滅火設(shè)備能及時(shí)投入運(yùn)行，設(shè)置工作泵和備用泵的自動(dòng)切換裝置。Building fire design has become an important part of building water supply and drainage design. In the early fire

8、hydrant water supply system pay more attention to fighting, in the system only USES the voltage regulator to keep system stable high pressure pump. Pressure reducing valve can be used in the partition, many export pump, regulator valve, to ensure the water pressure of fire hydrant and water yield. I

9、n order to ensure the fire extinguishing equipment can be put into operation in time, set the working pump and standby pump automatic switching device. 二、給排水施工設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題Second, water supply and drainage construction design should pay attention to the problem 為了保證建筑給排水施工設(shè)計(jì)的質(zhì)量及更有利于污水的排放和處理，在給排水設(shè)計(jì)施工時(shí)應(yīng)注意

10、以下幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題。In order to guarantee the quality of building water supply and drainage construction design and more conducive to sewage discharge and treatment, when the water supply and drainage design and construction should pay attention to the following several aspects. 2.1衛(wèi)生間管道的布置問(wèn)題2.1 toilet pipe l

11、ayout problem 做好了衛(wèi)生間管道布置的好處在于檢修和疏通時(shí)，可避免影響下層住戶。但實(shí)際情況是當(dāng)本層管道堵塞漏水時(shí)，積水往往造成下層住戶附近墻體被滲漏，反而擴(kuò)大了影響范圍，而且在本層檢修要打鑿衛(wèi)生間地面，發(fā)生噪音，地面修補(bǔ)還要多工種協(xié)作，比較麻煩。還不如到下層衛(wèi)生間頂棚維修更省事。而且現(xiàn)在社會(huì)上管道疏通也方便，筆者認(rèn)為無(wú)需大動(dòng)干戈。Ready to piping arrangement is that the benefits of repair and dredge the toilet, can avoid affect the lower. Layer but the real

12、ity is that when the blockage is leaking, water tends to cause the lower resident near the wall is leakage, it expanded the scope, and in this layer maintenance to chisel ground toilet, noise, ground more repair work collaboration, more troublesome. Might as well to lower toilet ceiling maintenance

13、more convenient. And now society pipeline dredge is convenient, the author thinks that without fuss. 2.2排水管道同層敷設(shè)2.2 drain pipe installation tree 住宅設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范規(guī)定：住宅的污水排水橫管宜設(shè)于本層套內(nèi)，當(dāng)必須敷設(shè)于下一層的套內(nèi)空間時(shí)，其清掃口應(yīng)設(shè)于本層套內(nèi)。建筑給水排水設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范規(guī)定：住宅衛(wèi)生間的衛(wèi)生器具排水管不宜穿越樓板進(jìn)入他戶。這兩個(gè)規(guī)范均建議排水橫管盡量設(shè)于本層，即同層排水。同層排水，便于檢修和疏通，可避免影響下層住戶，而且只有排水立管穿越樓板，減少樓

14、板孔洞，杜絕衛(wèi)生間滲漏。"Residential design code" regulation: residential sewage drainage horizontal tube should be set within the layer set, when must be laying in the next layer of the internal space, the clean the mouth should be incorporated in the layer set inside. Specification for design of bui

15、lding water supply and drainage provision: residential sanitary ware of toilet drains should not cross the floor into his home. These two specifications are suggested cross drainage tube in this layer, as far as possible namely drainage. Drainage to facilitate maintenance and dredge, can avoid affec

16、t the lower household, and only water drainage riser across the floor, reduce the floor hole, prevent leakage of toilet. 2.3雨水排水系統(tǒng)與生活生產(chǎn)排水系統(tǒng)應(yīng)嚴(yán)格分開(kāi)2.3 rain water drainage system and production drainage system should be strictly separated 建筑給水排水設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范說(shuō)明中強(qiáng)調(diào)了雨水系統(tǒng)與生活生產(chǎn)排水系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算方法的不同。雨污、雨廢合流將會(huì)影響生活、生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行。近幾

17、年隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，群眾生活水平的提高，住房面積在增大，層數(shù)在增多，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)低層住戶排水口冒氣和溢水的情況，尤其是在排水管堵塞或半堵塞的情況下，使得房?jī)?nèi)的高檔裝修和貯放的物品浸水，造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。Specifications for design of building water supply and drainage statement highlights the rain water system and drainage system design and calculation method of different life production. Dirt, rain, rain

18、waste confluence will influence the life and the normal operation of the production system. In recent years, with the development of economy, people living standard rise, the housing area is rising, the layer number on the rise, often appear lower household drain steaming and spilled water situation

19、, especially under the condition of the drain plug or half block, make the room of the high-grade decoration and storage items of flooding, causing economic losses. 2.4合理選擇排水管材2.4 choose the drainage pipes 隨著塑料管材的日益推廣，排水塑料管已在建筑高度100m以下的建筑物內(nèi)廣泛使用，但建筑高度大于、等于100m的高層建筑和不適宜采用排水塑料管的場(chǎng)合，可采用柔性抗震排水鑄鐵管。With the

20、 increasingly popularization of plastic pipes, drainage pipes have been widely used in building height of 100 m below the building, but the building height is greater than, equal to 100 m in the high-rise building drainage pipes and inappropriate use of occasions, can adopt flexible aseismic cast ir

21、on drainage pipe. 排水塑料管的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：管道內(nèi)壁光滑，阻力系數(shù)小，不易積垢，排水通暢，化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好，耐腐蝕性好，導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)小，重量輕，安裝維修方便，外表美觀，易于粘接。但是，排水塑料管也有缺點(diǎn)：力學(xué)性能差，抗沖擊性差，剛性差，平直性差，阻燃性差，熱膨脹性系數(shù)大，管壁薄，隔音性能差。Drainage pipes: the advantages of the pipeline inner wall is smooth, the resistance coefficient is small, not easy to fouling, drainage unobstructed, goo

22、d chemical stability, good corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity is small, light weight, easy installation and maintenance, beautiful appearance, easy to glue. However, drainage tubes also have disadvantages: mechanical properties, impact resistance is poor, poor rigidity, poor laymen, flame re

23、tardancy, thermal expansion coefficient is large, thin wall, insulation performance is poor. 塑料管材雖然應(yīng)用廣泛，但是還有許多問(wèn)題值得探討，要求設(shè)計(jì)施工人員慎重行事，不僅要考慮優(yōu)點(diǎn)，同事還要考慮剛性、絕熱性、膨脹性，對(duì)多震地區(qū)還要考慮抗震性因素。塑料管因隔音性能差可選擇內(nèi)壁帶螺旋塑料管、芯層發(fā)泡管或隔音空壁管等隔音塑料排水管材，可在一定程度上降低噪音。塑料管因熱膨脹系數(shù)高，特別作為熱水管可采用柔性接口，設(shè)置伸縮補(bǔ)償裝置。Plastic tubing although widely used, but

24、there are many problems worth exploring, request design and construction personnel to act prudently, should not only consider the advantages, colleagues consider rigidity, insulation, dilatability, consider earthquake-resistance factors to seismogenetic area. Selection of general sound-insulated per

25、formance plastic pipe inner surface with spiral plastic pipe, core layer foam pipe insulation or empty wall sound insulation plastic drainage pipes, can to a certain extent, reduce the noise. Plastic pipes due to thermal expansion coefficient is high, particularly as hot water pipe can be used in fl

26、exible interface, setting expansion compensation device. 三、關(guān)于給排水節(jié)水技術(shù)3, about the water supply and drainage water saving technology 3.1防止二次污染造成的水量浪費(fèi)3.1 to prevent the secondary pollution caused by waste water 二次污染事故的發(fā)生，使得建筑給水系統(tǒng)不能正常工作，造成用戶用水困難。同時(shí)，受到污染的水將會(huì)被排放；對(duì)供水系統(tǒng)的清洗處理，也需耗費(fèi)大量的自來(lái)水，這些都造成了水的嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi)。因而防止建筑給水

27、系統(tǒng)二次污染，對(duì)節(jié)約用水有著十分重要的意義。Secondary pollution accidents, making the building water supply system can not work normally, causing the user water difficult. At the same time, the pollution of water will be discharged; Cleaning process for the water supply system, also need to spend a lot of water, which ca

28、used a serious waste of water. So to prevent secondary pollution, building water supply system for saving water has the very vital significance. 3.2大力發(fā)展建筑中水設(shè)施3.2 to develop the building water facilities “中水道”。顧名思義輸送的既不是上水道清潔的自來(lái)水，也不是下水道污穢的臟水。把一個(gè)地區(qū)居民洗臉、洗澡等洗滌水和沖洗用水集中起來(lái)，經(jīng)過(guò)去污、出油、過(guò)濾、消毒、滅菌處理，輸入中水管網(wǎng)，以供從廁所、洗

29、汽車、澆草坪、灑馬路等非飲用水之用。用一立方米中水，等于少用一立方米清潔水，少排出近一立方米污水，一舉兩得，達(dá)到節(jié)水近50%。所以，中水道已在世界許多缺水城市廣泛采用。"ZhongShuiDao". As the name implies conveying is neither ShangShuiDao clean tap water, nor the sewer filthy dirty water. Put a district residents face and take a shower and washing water and rinsing water t

30、ogether, after decontamination, oil, filtration, disinfection and sterilization processing, input water pipe network, for the toilets, washing cars, watering the lawn, and sprinkle the road is not drinking water. Using a cubic meters of water, equal to a cubic meters of clean water, use less less ne

31、arly one cubic meter of sewage discharge, kill two birds with one stone, the water saving nearly 50%. So, ZhongShuiDao has been widely used in many cities around the world. 四、結(jié)束語(yǔ)Four, the conclusion 總之，建筑給排水的設(shè)計(jì)施工的應(yīng)突出以人為本的原則，并將重點(diǎn)調(diào)整到民用建筑與工業(yè)建筑并重，公共建筑與居住建筑并重。在施工中統(tǒng)一管理，科學(xué)配置，這樣不僅能取得顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，而且能在一定程度上緩解城市用水供需矛盾，取得較好的社會(huì)效益和環(huán)境效益。In sho