電子器件和光子器件比較

1、電子器件和光子器件比較電子器件和光子器件比較21 GRIN Lens GRIN lenses are short cylindrical lengths of glass with a graded refractive index: the index decreases with the square of the distance from the axis of the lens. GRIN lenses are very similar to graded index fibre and are sometimes called SELFOC lenses.電子器件和光子器件比較3球

2、面透鏡和球面透鏡和GRIN透鏡透鏡1、均勻折射率分布材料2、依靠彎曲的光學界面 實現(xiàn)光學成像3、通過非球面來克服像差， 提高成像質量1、漸變折射率分布材料2、依靠光線軌跡的彎曲 實現(xiàn)光學成像3、通過優(yōu)化折射率分布， 提高成像質量電子器件和光子器件比較4GRIN透鏡的應用：準直透鏡的應用：準直-聚焦聚焦0.25節(jié)長透鏡：軸上節(jié)長透鏡：軸上0.25節(jié)長透鏡：離軸節(jié)長透鏡：離軸電子器件和光子器件比較5GRIN透鏡的應用：光源耦合透鏡的應用：光源耦合0.23節(jié)長透鏡：孔徑角壓縮節(jié)長透鏡：孔徑角壓縮0.29節(jié)長透鏡：光斑壓縮節(jié)長透鏡：光斑壓縮電子器件和光子器件比較6光纖準直器結構光纖準直器結構80玻璃套

3、管GRIN透鏡玻璃毛細管光纖電子器件和光子器件比較7干涉濾光片型波分復用器干涉濾光片型波分復用器 1 16 1 15 16 1 14 15 16 15電子器件和光子器件比較8SMFSMFLensLensLensLensLens通道通道 1通道通道 7通道通道 5通道通道 3通道通道 8通道通道 6通道通道 2通道通道 4LensLensLensLensMicroPlasma 多層介質膜濾波器多層介質膜濾波器 (8 通道通道)電子器件和光子器件比較9An optical amplifier is a device which amplifies the optical signal direct

4、ly without ever changing it to electricity. The light itself is amplified.電子器件和光子器件比較10 Amplifiers can be built in semiconductor: Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs). Almost any semiconductor laser can be made into an amplifier with a few modifications Amplifiers can be built in fibres: Fibre Am

5、plifiers EDFA: Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers PDFA: Praseodymium Doped Fibre Amplifiers NDFA: Neodymium Doped Fibre Amplifiers SRFA: Stimulated Raman Fibre Amplifiers PFA: Plastic Fibre Amplifier電子器件和光子器件比較11光信號(In)光信號(Out)泵浦能源Pumping EnergySignal inSignal out電子器件和光子器件比較12 電子器件和光子器件比較13isolatorWDMiso

6、latorinput signaloutput signalPump laserPump laserEDF電子器件和光子器件比較14電子器件和光子器件比較15CouplerFilterCoupler電子器件和光子器件比較16電子器件和光子器件比較17 to combine signals and/or to split them multiple ways. up to 1000 x1000 for WDM LANs three important characteristics Return Loss:the amount of power that is reflected and thu

7、s lost. Insertion Loss:the amount of signal lost in the total transit through the device. Excess Loss:additional loss of a device over and above the loss required by theory. 電子器件和光子器件比較18電子器件和光子器件比較19 電子器件和光子器件比較20電子器件和光子器件比較21電子器件和光子器件比較22A coupler that splits only a small part of the light into on

8、e output and leaves most in the other is often called a “tap”.For example : 99:1 coupler or 1% tap.you cannot use a simple coupler to take all of the light in two fibres and merge it onto one fibre.電子器件和光子器件比較23Power Input to an EDFASplitting Wavelengths for Simple WDMAdding the Management Channel i

9、n DWDM 電子器件和光子器件比較24An isolator is a device that allows light to pass along a fibre in one direction but not in the opposite direction.電子器件和光子器件比較25Light travelling within the material has its plane of polarization (electric and magnetic field vectors) rotated by an amount depending on the length an

10、d the strength of the magnetic field.the most important aspect is that the effect is asymmetric.materials : YIG (Yttrium-Iron-Garnet) 電子器件和光子器件比較26電子器件和光子器件比較27separating the incoming ray into its two orthogonal polarizationsprocessing them separately and then re-combining them at the output電子器件和光子器

11、件比較28電子器件和光子器件比較29電子器件和光子器件比較30Light entering at any particular port (say port 1) travels around the circulator and exits at the next port (say port 2). Light entering at port 2 leaves at port 3 and so on.電子器件和光子器件比較31Polarizing Beam Splitter Cube, Birefringent “Walk-off” Block(YVO4), Faraday Rotato

12、r and Phase Plate 電子器件和光子器件比較32A ray input on Port 1 is split into two separate rays of orthogonal polarizations by first birefringent walk-off block (block A) .Both rays are rotated through 90.The two rays meet another birefringent walk-off block (block B) identical with the first.The light is refr

13、acted and re-combined 電子器件和光子器件比較33電子器件和光子器件比較34電子器件和光子器件比較35A typical loop diameter: about 750 mm.電子器件和光子器件比較36電子器件和光子器件比較376 Optical Switches1 1、機械式光開關、機械式光開關移動光纖、套管或自聚焦透鏡式移動光纖、套管或自聚焦透鏡式電磁驅動、壓電陶瓷驅動等電磁驅動、壓電陶瓷驅動等電子器件和光子器件比較38移動反射鏡式移動反射鏡式電子器件和光子器件比較392 2、磁光、電光效應式光開關、磁光、電光效應式光開關電子器件和光子器件比較403 3、集成光學光開

14、關、集成光學光開關集成光波導光開關（電光、熱光）集成光波導光開關（電光、熱光）M-ZM-Z型型光開關光開關電子器件和光子器件比較41MEMSMEMS電子器件和光子器件比較42OADMOADM、OXCOXC本節(jié)點信本節(jié)點信息息輸入輸入光纖光纖 1 2 3 4DEMMUX輸出輸出光纖光纖 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4RXTX電子器件和光子器件比較43電子器件和光子器件比較44電子器件和光子器件比較45The input and output stages consist of star couplers called “Free Space Couplers” (FSCs). T

15、he inside of an FSC is just a “free space”.When the signal arrives at the first Free Space Coupler (FSC) it diffracts in many directions and is distributed more or less evenly among the waveguides of the central section. 電子器件和光子器件比較46電子器件和光子器件比較47The “grating region” is just a set of parallel waveguides of different lengths. These waveguides are far enough apart so that the evanescent field in one guide does not extend into any other guide. There is no coupling of powe