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1、拉力 tensile force正應(yīng)力 normal stress切應(yīng)力 shear stress靜水壓力 hydrostatic pressure集中力 concentrated force分布力 distributed force線性應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系linear relationship between stress andstrain彈性模量 modulus of elasticity橫向力 lateral force transverse force軸向力 axial force拉應(yīng)力 tensile stress壓應(yīng)力 compressive stress平衡方程 equilibrium

2、 equation靜力學方程equations of static比例極限 proportional limit應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線stress-strain curve拉伸實驗 tensile test屈服應(yīng)力 yield stress 極限應(yīng)力 ultimate stress軸 shaft梁 beam純剪切 pure shear橫截面積 cross-sectional area撓度曲線 deflection curve曲率半徑 radius of curvature曲率半徑的倒數(shù) reciprocal of radius of curvature縱軸 longitudinal axis懸臂梁 ca

3、ntilever beam簡支梁 simply supported beam微分方程 differential equation慣性矩 moment of inertia靜矩 static moment扭矩 torque moment彎矩 bending moment彎矩對x的導數(shù) derivative of bending moment with respect to x彎矩對x的二階導數(shù) the second derivative ofbending moment with respect to x靜定梁 statically determinate beam靜不定梁 statically

4、 indeterminate beam相容方程 compatibility equation補充方程 complementary equation中性軸 neutral axis圓截面 circular cross section兩端作用扭矩 twisted by couples at two ends剛體 rigid body扭轉(zhuǎn)角 twist angle靜力等效 statically equivalent相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes通過截面形心 throughthe centroid of the cross section一端鉸支 pin sup

5、port at one end一端固定 fixed atone end彎矩圖 bending moment diagram剪力圖 shear force diagram剪力突變 abrupt change in shear force、旋轉(zhuǎn)和平移 rotation and translation虎克定律 hooks law 邊界條件 boundarycondition初始位置 initialposition、力矩面積法moment-area method繞縱軸轉(zhuǎn)動 rotateabout a longitudinal axis橫坐標 abscissa扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度 torsional rigidit

6、y拉伸剛度 tensile rigidity剪應(yīng)力的合力resultant of shear stress正應(yīng)力的大小magnitude of normal stress脆性破壞 brittle fail對稱平面 symmetry plane剛體的平衡 equilibrium of rigid body約束力 constraint force重力 gravitational force際作用力 actual force三維力系 three-dimentional force system合力矩 resultant moment標量方程 scalar equation、矢量方程 vector e

7、quation張量方程 tensor equation匯交力系 cocurrent system of forces任意一點 an arbitrary point合矢量 resultant vector反作用力 reaction force反作用力偶 reaction couple轉(zhuǎn)動約束 restriction against rotation平動約束 restriction against translation運動的趨勢 tendency of motion繞給定軸轉(zhuǎn)動 rotate about a specific axis沿一個方向運動 movein a direction控制方程

8、control equation共線力 collinear forces平面力系 planar force system一束光 a beam of light未知反力 unknown reaction forces參考框架 frame of reference大小和方向 magnitude and direction幾何約束 geometric restriction剛性連接 rigidly connected運動學關(guān)系 kinematical relations運動的合成 superposition of movement固定點 fixed point平動的疊加 superposition

9、of translation剛體的角速度 angular speed of a rigid body質(zhì)點動力學 particle dynamics運動微分方程 differential equation of motion工程實際問題 practical engineering problems變化率 rate of change動量守恒 conservation of linear momentum定性的描述 qualitative description點線 dotted line劃線 dashed line實線 solid line矢量積 vector product點積 dot pro

10、duct極慣性矩 polar moment of inertia角速度 angular velocity角加速度 angular accelerationinfinitesimal amount 無窮小量definite integral 定積分a certain interval of time 某一時間段kinetic energy 動能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系數(shù)free vibration 自由振動periodic disturbance 周期性擾動viscous force 粘性力

11、forced vibration 強迫震動general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬態(tài)解steady state solution 穩(wěn)態(tài)解second order partial differential equation 二階偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 內(nèi)力stress component 應(yīng)力分量state of stress 應(yīng)力狀態(tài)coordinate axes 坐標系conditions of equilibrium 平衡條件body force 體力cont

12、inuum mechanics 連續(xù)介質(zhì)力學displacement component 位移分量additional restrictions 附加約束compatibility conditions 相容條件mathematical formulations 數(shù)學公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 應(yīng)變狀態(tài)unit matrix 單位矩陣dilatation strain 膨脹應(yīng)變the first strain invariant 第一應(yīng)變不變量deviator stress components

13、應(yīng)力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 應(yīng)力張量的第一不變量bulk modulus 體積模量constitutive relations 本構(gòu)關(guān)系linear elastic material 線彈性材料mathematical derivation 數(shù)學推導a state of static equilibrium 靜力平衡狀態(tài)Newtons first law of motion 牛頓第一運動定律directly proportional to 與成正比stress concentration factor 應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)state of lo

14、ading 載荷狀態(tài)st venant principle 圣維南原理uniaxial tension 單軸拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐標buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 臨界值stable equilibrium 穩(wěn)態(tài)平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不穩(wěn)定平衡條件critical load 臨界載荷a slender column 細長桿fixed at the lower end 下端固定free at the upper end 上端自由critical buckling load 臨界屈曲載荷potential energy 勢能fixed at both ends 兩端固定hinged at both ends 兩端鉸支tubular member 管型桿件transverse dimention 橫向尺寸stability of column 柱的穩(wěn)定axial force 軸向力elliptical hole 橢圓孔 plane stress 平面應(yīng)力nominal stress 名義應(yīng)為principal str