絕對(duì)精華+高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí)教案語(yǔ)法一(定語(yǔ)從句)

1、定語(yǔ)從句定義定語(yǔ)從句起形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語(yǔ)Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢允÷裕樵~提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語(yǔ)Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (

2、whom she loved died in the war.whose人，物定語(yǔ)I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. that人，物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that I want to see very much.which物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)The book (which I gave you was worth $10.The picture

3、which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因狀語(yǔ)I cant imagin

4、e the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別。先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句是用關(guān)系副詞還是用關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)鍵在于關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧Ｈ绻洚?dāng)狀語(yǔ)，就用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；如果充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞。This is the school where Mr. Cheng works. This is the school that Mr. Cheng set up ten years ago.I will never forget the day when I joined the

5、Party.I will never forget the day that I spent with Mr. Isaak.That was the reason that he gave me yesterday. That was the reason why he gave me a note yesterday.一、定語(yǔ)從句基本含義1、功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)2、位置：定語(yǔ)從句置于被修飾詞之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞（1）先行

6、詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。（2）先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點(diǎn)：先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定

7、語(yǔ)從句的都稱關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟（1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。（2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。二、語(yǔ)法解析（一）That與which區(qū)別1、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that（1）先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí) 序數(shù)詞 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時(shí)。（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything、ever

8、ything等不定代詞時(shí)。當(dāng)something表示具體的事物，重要的東西，重要的人物等確定意義時(shí)，它是名詞，關(guān)系代詞用that 或which均可。There was the mysterious something which/that they had worked so hard to find: radium.（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。The village is no longer the one t

9、hat was 5 years ago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問(wèn)詞which時(shí)。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?2、宜用which的情況（1）在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 Mary has a book, which is very precious.（2）在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí) This is a house in which lives an old man.（3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí) That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.（4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

10、。Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English. 表“方式”的“關(guān)系副詞”不用“How”只用“that / in which”,或省去。I dont like the way / manner (that / in which he spoke to me.（二）as 與which1、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。（1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。Such books as

11、you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age. such that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分They are such lovely children that we love them muchthe same that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）無(wú)先行詞的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別：意義上：as 含有“這點(diǎn)正如一樣”。位置上：as 從句可置句首，也

12、可在另處。There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.2、 as和which指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以通用。as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以位于句首、句中或句末；which 引導(dǎo)的定于從句一般只位于句末。as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常與know, see, report, say, expect, announce等動(dòng)詞連用；which引導(dǎo)的這類定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間含有并列關(guān)系或結(jié)果關(guān)系時(shí)，一般

13、用which。As we all know ,China is a country with a long history.China is a country with a long history, as is known to us all.Tom did not pass the exam, which made his mother very angry.as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(這是常有的事，as was expected(不出所料，as often happens(正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣，as is known to all(眾所周知，as ha

14、s been said before(如上所述，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的等He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected. which 代表整個(gè)句子，還可用于in which case（如果是那樣/這樣的話）, at which point（就在那時(shí)）, on which occasion等。I may have to work late, in which case Ill telephone you. 我可能得晚點(diǎn)下班，那樣我會(huì)給你打電話的3、 當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放到主句的前面時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用as，而不用which。

15、如：As is planned, we got there before eight. 4、 As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句指表示積極的意義，與主句是順理成章的關(guān)系，絕不能與之矛盾。若非限制性定語(yǔ)從句表示一種消極的意義，則只用which。如：He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope. Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad. 她的奶奶逝世了，這使得她很悲傷。5、 當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用which, 而不可用 as。如：He has a new

16、computer, for which he paid nearly ten thousand yuan. （三）、That、who、whose區(qū)別1、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞（1）當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。（3）當(dāng)主句是who作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ)，可被who取代。2、whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物

17、，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如：Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river.（四）關(guān)系副詞when與where、why、thatwhen 指時(shí)間 = in / at / on / during whichwhere指地點(diǎn) = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which （：why 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。）I won

18、t forget the date when( on which I was born.This is the room where (in which I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.I dont know the reason why (for which he havent come today.Tom still remembers the days when (in which they lived in Tianjin. 1. 當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、time時(shí)，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。（非正式場(chǎng)合）I do

19、nt like the way that / in which / he talks.2當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.（五）定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致1. 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致。The boy who is standing at the door is my son.2. 在one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，復(fù)數(shù)名詞是先行詞，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。This is one of the best b

20、ooks that have ever been written on the subject.3. 在“the only one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，one 是先行詞，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.（六）限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。1、限定性定語(yǔ)從句必須和主句緊緊連在一起，不可分開(kāi)；非限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。2、限定

21、性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省，做賓語(yǔ)在口語(yǔ)中時(shí)，可以省略，而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不可以省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.The finger（that）I put into my mouth was not the one（that）I had dipped into the cup.Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14,1865.His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in

22、 1818.3、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞可以代表一個(gè)單詞、詞組或整個(gè)句子。My brother lives in zhongshan, which is only two hours drive from here.The English party , which was held in our school, was good.He lost his bike, which made him unhappy.（七） 定語(yǔ)從句與其他從句的區(qū)別1、定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句區(qū)別。定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。強(qiáng)調(diào)it無(wú)意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)it is / was和that

23、/ who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語(yǔ)從句It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）2、定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可省略；關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞有跟他們含義相應(yīng)的先行詞。同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。Sorry, Ive forgot the day when we met for the first

24、time. 抱歉，我記不起我們第一次見(jiàn)面的日子了。(定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞the day 與when含義相應(yīng) Ive no idea when we met for the first time. 我不知道我們第一次是什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面的。(同位語(yǔ)從句，idea與when沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系 3、定語(yǔ)從句與時(shí)間語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的連接詞都是when時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明時(shí)間名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。如：Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下課的時(shí)間嗎？(定語(yǔ)從句 It was already five oclock when the class was over. When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 當(dāng)課結(jié)束時(shí)，已經(jīng)是五點(diǎn)鐘了。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 4、定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的連接詞都是where時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)名詞；而狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，where沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的地點(diǎn)名詞或代詞。如：This is the