英文文獻及翻譯：基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可靠性信息系統(tǒng)

1、基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可靠性信息系統(tǒng)摘要 論文主要討論的是信息可靠性系統(tǒng)隨著廣域網(wǎng)和服務(wù)器構(gòu)造的發(fā)展。對系統(tǒng)中現(xiàn)有客戶和服務(wù)器進行修正改造來執(zhí)行HTTP任務(wù)和高級制圖分析。同時，文章還對全球信息網(wǎng)的技術(shù)背景和關(guān)系，以及,客戶機/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)做了解釋分析。藉由系統(tǒng)開發(fā)，設(shè)計工程師和可信度分析家可以更為方便快捷地對系統(tǒng)的可靠性進行分析。 關(guān)鍵字：信息系統(tǒng)，WWW，客戶機/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)，可靠性1.引言 信息系統(tǒng)有廣泛的實際應(yīng)用性，它還可以對決定性策略做出有用判斷。一般認為，信息系統(tǒng)是構(gòu)建在某一特定組織結(jié)構(gòu)模型數(shù)據(jù)流程。在可靠性工程學(xué)中，研究員在存取和數(shù)據(jù)分析方面會有一些困難.系統(tǒng)開發(fā)過程中積累的多數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)都是從可靠

2、性分析家那里獲取的。在成份數(shù)據(jù)中, 計算機每個成份的故障率時，特定應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù) ( 舉例來說,應(yīng)用的重要程度，功能引腳的數(shù)字,等等.)對于系統(tǒng)開發(fā)者的設(shè)計來講都是很重要的。 在組織機構(gòu)中，客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)被視為整合計算機數(shù)據(jù)的好方法。與傳統(tǒng)集中計算機環(huán)境相比，在客戶端/服務(wù)器環(huán)境下，用戶共享數(shù)據(jù)、應(yīng)用、處理進程都更加容易1。平衡工作的能力取決于應(yīng)用是客戶端/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)的重要角色。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展成為了支持交互式數(shù)據(jù)顯示及分發(fā)的傳輸手段?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)在客戶端與服務(wù)器交互信息的標準化方面獲得了巨大成功。同樣，在發(fā)展客戶端與服務(wù)器軟件或網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議時，如果沒有要求特殊資源，基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的系統(tǒng)可以迅速被創(chuàng)造。在本章，我們

3、闡述了基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和客戶端/服務(wù)器技術(shù)的可靠性信息系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn)。第二章概述了客戶端/服務(wù)器計算的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)響應(yīng)。第三章介紹了可靠性信息系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn)細節(jié)，并在第四章進行了進一步的研究總結(jié)和討論。2.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu) 客戶機/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系可以說是兩個進程合作運行一些任務(wù)。它支持信息系統(tǒng)的完整性和可擴充性2。Lyu(1995)論證了客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的四項優(yōu)勢：成本降低、生產(chǎn)率提高、系統(tǒng)生命周期較長以及更好的可用性。因此，客戶端/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)被認為是一個可行的信息系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的最簡單的方法，就是在客戶端軟件的任務(wù)不過是顯示及格式化從服務(wù)器取得的信息時使用網(wǎng)

4、絡(luò)瀏覽器。很多書目檢索系統(tǒng)就是代表性的例子。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器作為客戶端存取一個已存在的客戶端/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)的平臺時，只有一類系統(tǒng)代碼（HTML和幫助代碼）需要維護。但對于其他系統(tǒng)，客戶端軟件在執(zhí)行代表服務(wù)器或用戶的額外任務(wù)的時候，協(xié)調(diào)機制需要為基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器的客戶端運行這些工作。典型的解決辦法是使用通用網(wǎng)關(guān)接口(CGI)程序。但由于種種原因，這一方法并不理想.。在一個基于CGI的系統(tǒng)中，所有通常由客戶端處理的任務(wù)必須由CGI程序模擬。因此增加了服務(wù)器的負擔。另一種從標準互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽器獲得客戶端/服務(wù)器應(yīng)用的方法是由Dossick和Kaiser發(fā)明的3。他們提出了一項以HTTP代理連接已存在的客戶端/服

5、務(wù)器網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的計劃。HTTP代理攔截HTTP數(shù)據(jù)請求，并使用原始設(shè)定把他們的請求轉(zhuǎn)移向源系統(tǒng)。使用類似于Netscape的嵌入式APIs的瀏覽器專用工具創(chuàng)建客戶端/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)的基于瀏覽器的客戶端是可行的。不過，使用這種APIs把產(chǎn)生的基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)客戶端軟件的使用限制在了專用平臺以及專用網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器上。這種不必要的限制抵消了很多創(chuàng)建基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)客戶端的好處。3. 系統(tǒng)實施 電子電信研究所(ETRI)開發(fā)了叫做ERIS的可靠性信息系統(tǒng)。它可以使用計算機進行合成系統(tǒng)的失誤率以及可靠性的計算4。ERIS的客戶端程序包括由兩個中立程序組成，他們處于不同的硬件平臺：工作站以及個人電腦上。不熟悉UNIX環(huán)境的用戶會使

6、用時會不方便。 需要特別指出的是可靠性軟件工具是由Birolini提出的。為了成為對用戶有用的軟件，相對于其它要求，一個夠大的數(shù)據(jù)庫是非常重要的。在單機環(huán)境下，用戶可以擁有獨立的數(shù)據(jù)存儲。這將浪費計算機的資源和時間。大多數(shù)現(xiàn)有工具都是獨立的，用戶之間共享數(shù)據(jù)非常不方便?；谏鲜鲈贓RIS測試中收集的要求和意見，我們設(shè)定了以下元素：-友好的用戶界面：人機界面對于有效處理大量數(shù)據(jù)是非常重要的。同時他對理解分析結(jié)果是非常有幫助的。-公開性：信息服務(wù)一定是被廣泛使用的。開放性同樣體現(xiàn)在終端客戶的可靠性信息能夠被此客戶端使用的其他應(yīng)用輕松獲得。-數(shù)據(jù)共享：一旦部分數(shù)據(jù)進入DBMS，那么此數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該可以被其

7、他用戶分享。 -用戶管理：用戶信息存儲能夠有效處理增加的用戶。 -安全性：安全設(shè)計必須被適當考慮，以防止設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)被外界開啟。只有擁有唯一正確的用戶識別號碼(ID)和密碼的用戶才能進入數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器?；谏鲜鲆?，ERIS發(fā)展了以下功能。該系統(tǒng)分為以下兩類：用戶/數(shù)據(jù)庫管理和可靠性分析。我們結(jié)合了連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)方法以及源客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)開發(fā)ERIS。網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器在顯示及格式化信息時能夠被所有用戶有效使用。網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器使用的管理概念適用于ERIS。ERIS允許通過用戶管理提出的網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器申請。用戶可以通過主頁申請ERIS的使用ID。一旦他/她的ID在用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫注冊，他/她能夠在任何地方下載ERIS客戶端程

8、序。ERIS客戶端程序的實現(xiàn)類似于Windows程序。他們通過利于服務(wù)器的原始客戶端處理專用應(yīng)用功能。他們擁有更好的易存儲性及用戶友好界面，為了合并可靠性學(xué)習(xí)，他們提供了一個好的查詢給設(shè)計進程。服務(wù)器進程和客戶端進程的聯(lián)系，是符合TCP/IP協(xié)議的標準數(shù)據(jù)要求的。我提供了ERIS的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的組合結(jié)構(gòu)。服務(wù)器擁有CGI和COM兩個進程。CGI組件解決從客戶端網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器發(fā)出的HTTP請求并返回對應(yīng)的結(jié)果。COM是管理數(shù)據(jù)請求的聯(lián)系進程。有一個臨時數(shù)據(jù)庫過濾錯誤成分及用戶信息。只有認證用戶及信息數(shù)據(jù)才可以被注冊。服務(wù)器是使用UNIX操作系統(tǒng)的工作站，客戶端則是PC機。Informi

9、x數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)用來管理用戶及數(shù)據(jù)。服務(wù)器進程通過ESQL/C語言實現(xiàn)?？蛻舳顺绦蛲ㄟ^MS Visual C+及Delphi開發(fā)工具進行開發(fā)。4. 結(jié)論 ERIS是設(shè)計工程師和可信度分析家普遍采用的開發(fā)系統(tǒng)。通過結(jié)合互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和繼承客戶端/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的概念，我們在設(shè)計引擎的范圍，建立了可迅速理解的可靠性設(shè)計環(huán)境。通過使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，分發(fā)安裝工具的時間比以前減少了很多。ERIS同樣可以通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為其他組織提供服務(wù)。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的技術(shù)發(fā)展和流行化將激發(fā)傳統(tǒng)基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)向客戶端/服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)變。科技外文文獻The Reliability of Internet-Based Information System

10、 Summary of papers focused on the reliability of the information system with the wide area network and server structure development. Existing customers of the system and an amendment to the transformation server HTTP task to perform analysis and advanced graphics. At the same time, the article is al

11、so on the global information network and the technical background, as well as, client / server systems analysis explained. With systems development, design engineers and reliability analysts can more quickly and easily on an analysis of the reliability of the system. Keywords: information system, WW

12、W, client / server architecture, the reliability of 1. The introduction of information systems have a wide range of practical application, it can be useful for the judge to make a decisive strategy. Is generally believed that the information system is built on the model of the organizational structu

13、re of a particular data flow. In reliability engineering, researchers in the access and data analysis will be some difficulties. The system development process is the accumulation of data from the majority of analysts to obtain the reliability. In the component data, computer failure rate for each c

14、omponent, the application-specific data (for example, the importance of the application, function of the number of pins, and so on.) Developers for the design of the system are very important in terms of . Institutions in the organization, client / server architecture has been integrated as a good w

15、ay of computer data. With the traditional focus on the computer environment, the client / server environment, users share data, applications, are easier to deal with the process 1. Ability to work depends on the balance of the application of client / server system, an important role. Support the dev

16、elopment of the Internet as an interactive data display and distribution of the means of transmission. Internet client and server interaction in the standardization of information was a great success. Similarly, in the development of client and server software or network protocol, if not require spe

17、cial resources, Internet-based system can quickly create. In this chapter, we explained the Internet-based and client / server technology to achieve the reliability of information systems. Chapter II provides an overview of client / server computing in response to the Internet. Chapter III describes

18、 the reliability of information systems implementation details, and Chapter IV of further study were summarized and discussed. 2. Internet and client / server architecture Client / server structure of the relationship between the two processes can be said to be running a number of tasks in cooperati

19、on. It supports the integrity of information systems and scalability 2. Lyu (1995) demonstrated that the client / server structure of the four advantages: cost reduction, productivity improvement, system life cycle availability of a longer and better. Therefore, client / server system architecture i

20、s considered a viable structure of information systems. With the development of the Internet to achieve client / server structure of the simplest possible way out is the task of the client software is displayed and the format of the information obtained from the server using a web browser. Many bibl

21、iographic retrieval system is the typical example. In a web browser as a client access to an existing client / server platform, only a class of system code (HTML and help code) need to maintain. But for other systems, the client software on behalf of the server in the implementation of additional ta

22、sks or users, the co-ordination mechanisms need a web browser-based client to run these jobs. A typical solution is to use the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) program. However, due to various reasons, this approach is not satisfactory. In a CGI-based system, all are usually handled by the client task

23、 must be simulated by the CGI program. Increase the burden on the server. Another from the standard Internet browser access to client / server applications is invented by the Dossick and Kaiser 3. They have put forward a HTTP proxy to connect to the existing client / server network system. HTTP prox

24、y to intercept HTTP requests for data and use the original set of requests for their transfer to the source system. The use of APIs is similar to Netscape's embedded browser-specific tools to create client / server system, browser-based client is feasible. However, the use of such APIs generated

25、 by the Web-based client software to limit the use of a proprietary platform, as well as a dedicated web browser. Unnecessary restrictions which offset a lot of clients to create Web-based benefits. 3. System     Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) has develop

26、ed ERIS is called the reliability of information systems. It can be synthesized using a computer system failure rate and reliability of the calculation 4. ERIS clients include procedures by the two neutral components, they are different hardware platforms: workstations and personal computers. Not fa

27、miliar with the UNIX environment, users will be inconvenient to use.     Needs to be noted that the reliability of software tools made by Birolini. In order to become useful to the user software, as opposed to other requirements, a large enough database is very important. In stand-alo

28、ne environment, the user can have an independent data storage. This will be a waste of computer resources and time. Most existing tools are independent, to share data between users inconvenient. Based on the above in the ERIS test requirements and the views collected, we set the following elements:

29、- Friendly user interface: man-machine interface for the effective handling large amounts of data is very important. At the same time, his understanding of the results of the analysis is very helpful. - Openness: information services must be widely used. Open the same end-users in the reliability of

30、 the information can be used in the client easy access to other applications. - Data sharing: Once part of the data into the DBMS, then this data should be shared by other users. - User Management: User information is stored can effectively deal with the increase in users. - Security: safe design mu

31、st be appropriate to consider the design data in order to prevent the outside world open. Only those with only the correct user identification number (ID) and password of the user to enter the database server. Based on the above-mentioned requirements, ERIS functions of the development of the follow

32、ing. The system is divided into the following two categories: user / database management and reliability analysis. We are a combination of methods to connect to the Internet as well as the source client / server structure of the development of ERIS. Web browser in the display and formatting informat

33、ion can be used effectively for all users. Web browser management concepts used for ERIS. ERIS allows management through the user's web browser application. Home users can apply for ERIS through the use of ID. Once his / her registration ID in the user database, he / she can be in any place to d

34、ownload the client program ERIS. ERIS's the realization of client similar to Windows program. Conducive to the server through the client to deal with the original function-specific applications. They have a better and easy to store a user-friendly interface, in order to merge the reliability of

35、learning, provide them with a good query to the design process. Server process and client processes is in line with the TCP / IP protocol standard data requirements. ERIS provides me with Internet and client / server architecture of the composite structure. CGI and COM servers have two processes. CGI solution components from a