初二英語重點之賓語從句用法

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學習與交流初二英語重點之賓語從句用法.精品文檔. 賓語從句 一、掌握賓語從句的概念賓語從句即指在主從復合句中用作賓語的從句。對比下面兩句：簡單句： I know him. 主語 謂語 賓語主從復合句： (I know ) that he is a teacher. 主句 （主語+謂語） 賓語從句如：I hope you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期過得愉快。He began to think about what he should do. 他開始考慮應(yīng)當怎樣做。二、注意賓語從句的時態(tài)賓語從句中謂語動

2、詞的時態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語時態(tài)的制約，此為時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。 若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)情況使用任意時態(tài)； 但若主句為一般過去時，則賓語從句必須要用過去的某種時態(tài)與主句呼應(yīng)。比較：He says he is busy. 他說他很忙。 He said he was busy. 他說他很忙。I know you will agree. 我知道你會同意的。 I knew you would agree. 我知道你會同意的當賓語的內(nèi)容表示的是客觀真理時，不管主句謂語的時態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：The teacher said that the ea

3、rth turns around the sun. 老師說，地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。三、明確賓語從句的語序賓語從句屬名詞性從句，不管用什么樣的引導詞引導，賓語從句的語序總是用陳述語序（主語+謂語）。如：She asked when she could leave. 她問她何時可以離開。Please tell me what you need. 請告訴我你需要什么。四、分清賓語從句的引導詞1. 當賓語從句部分表示陳述句語氣時，用that引導。that只起引導詞作用，不充當句子成分，也沒有詞義，且通?？梢允÷?。如：We think (that) he will he

4、lp us. 我們認為他會幫助我們。He said (that) he was good at English. 他說他擅長英語。I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。2. 當賓語從句部分為一般疑問句時，用 if 或 whether 引導。if 和 whether 引導賓語從句，不充當句子成分，但有詞義，表示“是否”。如：I dont know if /whether he will come. 我不知道他是否會來。She asked i

5、f /whether that was enough. 她問那是否夠了。I wonder whether /if it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下4種情況只能用whether：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.在介詞后：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.賓語從

6、句位于句首時：Whether well attend the meeting,no one knows.3. 如果賓語從句原來為特殊疑問句時，用特殊疑問詞引導。常見的引導賓語從句的特殊疑問詞有what, who, whom, which, whose,when, how, where, why等。此時要特別注意賓語從句用陳述句詞序，而不用疑問句詞序。如：She asked who would like to go.  Tell me whose wallet this is.  I dont know _(他有什么問題）。.He knows _ 他知道他

7、們住哪里。Tell us how you are getting on now. 告訴我們你現(xiàn)在過得怎樣？I cant tell you _. 我不能告訴你她為什么在哭。He didnt say _. 他沒有說什么時候回來。what引導賓語從句時，有時表示“什么”，有時表示“所的”: I asked what he needed. 我問他需要什么。I gave him what he needed. 我給了他所需要的東西。 Please remember_(我昨天所說的話）.【注意】1由特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句可以和“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化同

8、義句。eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents. => I don't know how to do with the presents.Eg:1)Please tell me what I should do next.(改同義句)Please tell me what _ _ next.2) I havent decided where I will go.(改同義句) I havent decided _ _五、賓語從句與否定前移當主句的主語為第一人稱，動詞 為think, believe, su

9、ppose, expect, imagine ，后接一個表示否定意義的賓語從句時，其否定通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句。如： I dont think that it is worth doing. 我認為這不值得做。I dont believe that he will help us. 我相信他不會來。：）（合并為復合句）（合并為復合句）6 賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.it is fine，I will go out tomorrow2） I don't know if the tra

10、in has arrived.句1）中if引導的是條件狀語從句。這個從句表示“條件”，修飾主句。句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2）中if引導的是賓語從句，充當謂語動詞don't know的賓語。句子的意思是我不知道火車是否到達。判斷方法：1可以從整個句式看。狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個別除外）， 賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動詞之后。2從引導詞看。if充當賓語從句的連接詞時，相當于whether， 詞義為“是否”，充當條件狀語從句的連接詞時，詞義為“如果”。 when充當賓語從句的連接詞時，意為“什么時候”，充當狀語從句的連接詞時，意為“當?shù)臅r候”。Eg:（從句）（從

11、句）3從時態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時，引導賓語從句要注意：從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當從屬連詞時，引導條件和時間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時，則從句的時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來（主將從現(xiàn)）。Eg:（_從句）。（_從句） 七、賓語從句與形式賓語 it 當賓語從句后跟有賓語補足語時，通常在賓語從句處使用形式賓語it，而將真正的賓語從句移至句末。如：I think it best that you should stay here. 我認為你最好住這兒。He hasnt made it known when

12、 he is going to get married. 他還沒宣布他何時結(jié)婚注意：標點由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號；是疑問句則用問號。eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?賓語從句練習題一 選擇 。1. I don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, I'll tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D

13、. if; If2. I don't know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he m

14、end C. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is lookingC. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the

15、train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I don't know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children don't know _.A. what is their stockings in B. wha

16、t is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I can't understand _.A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means二. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫句子）Could you

17、 tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺秃暇洌〩e asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個句子）_ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語從句的復合句）I want to know _ the tra

18、in _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含賓語從句的復合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.三、將下面的句子合并成為含有賓語從句的復合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong.

19、He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I wa

20、nt to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?8What does he often talk a

21、bout? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.9Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 10. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.I don't know _ he still _ in that street. 四、選擇填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if y

22、ou are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does

23、the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who yo

24、u are waiting for C. who were you waiting for  D. where you live in( )6. I can't understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I don't know _ up so

25、 early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got( ) 9.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I don”t . When he _back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will comeC. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come ( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens&

26、#160;   B. where did it happen C. how it happened    D. how did it happen( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do   B. what should we do C. how to do it       D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me _ the

27、computer. A. how check   B. to check   C. how to check   D. to how checking( )13.They don't know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14. Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 15. O

28、ur homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, another  B. what, more   C. how ,other    D. what, another( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been    B. where he is/ has gone C. whe

29、re was he/ has been   D. where he was/ has gone( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, we'll visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain      B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains     D. will yo

30、u have/ rains( )18. I really don't know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives    B. finds/ will arrive   C. will find/ will arrive   D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Li said _ she would leave the message on the headmasters desk. A. that B. where C. which D.

31、what( )20. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 五、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)?4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new

32、 computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already.8. They thought they _ ( can hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people _ (help) him.10. She doesnt know whether _ (g

33、o) or wait.六. 翻譯：1. Please tell me _. （我們什么時候會開會）2. Can you tell me _? （他在哪兒）3. Could you tell me _?（我該怎么去車站）4. Would you tell me _? （為什么火車遲到了）5. I want to know _. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）6. Ask him _. （他是否能來）7. I don't know _.（是否要下雨） 感嘆句 感嘆句通常由what, how引導，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情。 what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞，感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以

34、下幾種： How +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語) How+形容詞/副詞(+主語+謂語)How +主語+謂語What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)What+ 形容詞+復數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)6)What+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is! What a clever boy he is! What wonderful ideas (we have)! How time flies! What cold weather it is! 感嘆句巧解：感嘆句要看后面，即

35、看形容詞后面，1) 若形容詞后緊跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，就用what a/an；2) 形容詞后緊跟不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，只用what。3）若形容詞后后緊跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/these/those/Toms等等，則直接用how。如： 例句1：What a good boy he is! 他是個多么好的男孩?。?形容詞 單數(shù)名詞例句2：What good boys they are! 他們是多么好的男孩?。?形容詞 復數(shù)名詞 例句3：What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天氣??！ 形容詞 不可數(shù)名詞 例句4：How good the boy is

36、! 這男孩多好??！ 形容詞 the 若沒有形容詞，而出現(xiàn)副詞或是句子，直接用how.例：How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他彈得多好啊！ 副詞 （what不可以修飾副詞，看到副詞直接用how） How time flies!        How fast Liu Xiang runs!感嘆句專項練習一、填入適當?shù)脑~完成下列感嘆句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday! 2)._cute dog it is!3)._ interesting the s

37、tory is!4)._ bad the weather in England is!5)._ honest boy Tom is ！6)._hard the work is!7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news you've brought us!9)._cool your new car is!10)._ scary these tigers are! 二、選擇填空。1. _ fast the boy ran!A. How     

38、  B. How an C. What         D. What an2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, how                 B. What, whatC. How, what       &

39、#160;        D. What, how3. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more.A. How       B. How an C. What        D. What an 4. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How       B. How an C. What        D. What an5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.A. How