過去分詞及練習(xí)

1、考點一、過去分詞作定語1 .單個過去分詞作定語。單個過去分詞作定語時，常常放在被修飾的詞語之前。例如：Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves on the street.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況注意：如果單個過去分詞所修飾的詞語為不定代詞nothing,anything,something 或指示代詞those,this,these等時，過去分詞常常放在被修飾的詞語后面。例如：There is nothing changed

2、 in my hometown since 1999.2 .過去分詞短語作定語。過去分詞短語作定語，常常放在被修飾的詞語之后，其作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。例如： Most of the guests invited to my birthday party were my school friends. = Most of the guests who were invited to my birthday party were my school friends.The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功.3

3、.過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.他們舉行了 歡迎英雄的大會，至 U 會的有五千多人.4 .用來修飾人的過去分詞有時可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物，這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān).The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視注意區(qū)別：1 .非謂語動詞的被動式作定語的三種形式：the bridge to be built 將要建

4、造的橋（表示將來的被動的動作）the bridge being built 正在建造的橋（表示正在進行的被動動作）the bridge built造好的橋（表示完成的被動動作）2 .過去分詞和-ing分詞作定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作定語和-ing分詞作定語有一定的區(qū)別。試比較下面幾組短語：boiled water 開水 boiling water 正沸騰的水developed countries 發(fā)展的國家 developing countries 發(fā)展中國家fallen leaves落葉falling leaves正在飄落的葉子changed condition 改變了 的情況 changing

5、 condition 變化著的情況由此可見，過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而 -ing分詞作定語可以表示正在進行的主動的動作?？键c二、過去分詞作表語1.過去分詞用作表語時，通常說明主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受等。例如：I noticed the doors and windows were locked when I came to see him.She seemed terribly shocked upon hearing the sad news.過去分詞和-ing分詞作表語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，修飾人；而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，修飾

6、物.如： Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.聽到那個消息，我們感到很驚訝The news is very surprising. 這個消息很令人驚訝。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看至 U這么動人的情景，所有在場的人都感動得流下了眼淚。英語中這樣的分詞還有很多， 如： amusing, amuse

7、d; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished 等。實戰(zhàn)演練：1. The water in this glass is too hot. I prefer some cold . to boil B. ha

8、ving boiled C. boiled D. boiling2. The problem just is an important . to be referred to B. referred to C. referring to D. referred3. A man was killed. Where is the body of the man A. murder B. murdered C. murdering D. having murdered4. China Daily, first in 1980, is very popular with students of Eng

9、lish in China.A. published B. was published C. having published D. having been published5. The great hall was crowded with many people, many children on their parents laps.A. including; seated B. including; seating C. including; satD. included; sitting6. How did Bob do in the exam this time Well, hi

10、s father seems with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please7. Prices of daily goods through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying8. What s the main purpose of tonight s meeting We are going to talk about the problem at the last

11、meeting.A. discussed B. discussingC. being discussed D. having discussed9. The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written10. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the c

12、ustomers The key the problem is to meet the demand by the customers.A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; makingD. to solve; madeKey: 15 CBBAA610 CBADB考點三過去分詞作賓語補足語及物動詞的過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示賓語是過去分詞動作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。常見的情況有下列幾種：一、表示“致使”意義的動詞。如 : have, make, get, keep, leave 等。(1) I'll hav

13、e my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發(fā)。(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。(4) He managed to get the task finished on time. 他設(shè)法按時完成了任務(wù)。注意：使役動詞have 接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況。主語讓別人做某事，強調(diào)主語的意志。如：He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理發(fā)了。Later on the center had a

14、 great many new trees planted. 后來，這個中心讓人種了很多樹。主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為。如：He had his leg broken in the match last month. 他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。He had one eye lost in the war. 在戰(zhàn)爭中，他失去了一只眼睛。【高考鏈接】1. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. ( 福建卷

15、 )A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improve2. Helen had to shout above the sound of the music. ( 全國 II 卷 )A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard二、表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞. 如 : see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think ， find

16、等。I heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。He found his hometown greatly changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。She saw the wounded man carried into the hospital. 她看到這個受傷的男人被抬進了醫(yī)院?！靖呖兼溄印縏o learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can. （2008 江蘇卷 ） A. speakB. speakingC. spok

17、enD. to speak三、表“希望，要求”的動詞： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order+ （to be） done 如：I want the work （to be） finished by Sunday.Jim ordered the room （to be） cleaned【高考鏈接】She wants her paintings in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular. （ 上海 ）A. displayB. to display C. displaying D.

18、 displayed四、 with/without+ 賓語+過去分詞，表示伴隨情況的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。如： With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a very good plan. 每件事都考慮到了，我們都認為這是一項不錯的計劃。With different methods used, different results are obtained. 采用不同的方法，得到不同的結(jié)果。She went angrily away without a word spoken. 她一個字也沒說，就生氣地走了。The day

19、ended with nothing settled. 那一天什么也沒解決就結(jié)束了?！靖呖兼溄印?. You have no idea how she finished the relay race her foot wounded so much. （2008 福建卷 ）A. forB. when C. with D. while2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work , he gladly accepted it. （2007 安徽卷 ）A. finishedB. finishing C. having fin

20、ished D. was finished考點四過去分詞作狀語過去分詞和-ing 分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。表時間，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調(diào)時間概念。如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 從山頂上看，這個城市就像一個大花園。Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入黨以后，他決定獻身于黨的事

21、業(yè)。表原因，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激動的人們被那個故事深深地感動了，停止了爭吵。Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來從事斗爭。表條件，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Given another chance, he will do

22、better. 再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. 和你哥哥相比你應(yīng)該更加努力學(xué)英語。If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個 though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡他們還是繼續(xù)追趕那個強 盜

23、。Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。表方式或伴隨情況。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那個老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進了房間。Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。過去分詞作狀語應(yīng)注意以下幾點。一、過去分詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系（1） 過去分詞作狀語表示被動或完成的動作。過去分詞與句子

24、主語之間通常存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快?！靖呖兼溄? 】not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009 福建卷 )A. RemindingB. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded【答題指導(dǎo)】分詞在句子中作狀語，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系

25、用現(xiàn)在分詞，動賓或被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。比較：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. （our city 與 see 之間是被動關(guān)系）Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. （ we 與 see 之間是主謂關(guān)系）（2） 有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表被動而表主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；lost in（沉迷于）；dressed in（穿著）。由某些動詞后面加-ed轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞也具有此用法

26、，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed 等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didn' t know WhOtiotdo生的一切非常驚訝，以至于不知如何是好?！靖呖兼溄? 】and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. （2009 浙江卷 ）A. To be triedB. Tired C. TiringD. Being tired二、過去分詞作狀語所表示的意義過去分詞作狀語時表

27、示時間、條件、原因、讓步時可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語從句；表示方式、結(jié)果和伴隨時可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列分句。如：Looked （=If it is looked） at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. 隔著一段距離看，這幅畫似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground, broken. = The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken. 茶杯掉到了地上，碎了?！靖呖兼溄?】 the right kind of training, these teenag

28、e soccer players may one day grow into the internationalstars. （2009 江西卷 ） A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given【高考鏈接4】 Michael s new house is like a huge palace, with his old one. （2009 重慶卷 ）A. comparingB. compares C. to compare D. compared3、 “連詞+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)主句主語和從句主語一致且從句含有動詞be 時可省略從句主語和動詞be

29、的原則， 可把狀語從句變換為 “連詞 +過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有if, unless, when, as, once, even if/ even though, as if, though/ although 等。如：I won t attend his birthday party unless invited （=unless I am invited）.除非被邀請，否則我不去參加他的生日晚會?！靖呖兼溄?】 Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.（200

30、9 湖南卷 ）A. being tiredB. tiring C. tiredD. to be tired4、 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由一個名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語,加上一個分詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構(gòu)成,這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒有關(guān)系,通常被稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。（一）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：名詞（代詞）+名詞名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞名詞（代詞）+ 過去分詞名詞（代詞）+形容詞名詞（代詞）+副詞名詞（代詞）+不定式名詞（代詞） +介詞短語構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要起狀語作用,相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句,多用來表示行為、方式、 伴隨等情況,有時也可用來表示時間、原因、條件等情況。1 、名詞或代詞主格+

31、現(xiàn)在分詞Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.= The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder.The girl staring at him, he didn t know=wAhsatthteogsiarlys.tared at him, he didn t know what to sayTime permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 2.名詞或代詞主格+ 過去分詞The experiment don

32、e, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.實驗做完了,同學(xué)們繼續(xù)在實驗報告上做記錄。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.The work done, he went back home.= When the work was done, he went back home.3、名詞或代詞主格+ 形容詞 Computers very small, we can use them widely. 電腦雖小,我

33、們卻能廣泛地利用它們。 The clothes very dirty, you'd better wash them quickly. 衣服很臟,你快點兒洗洗吧!4、名詞或代詞主格+ 不定式Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our school will look even more beautiful.種上許多的樹、花和草后，我們新建的學(xué)?？瓷先⒏?。A lot of home work to do, I can' t gOWith拶U乍業(yè)要做，我不能和你走。5、名詞或代詞主格+ 介詞短語 Our English t

34、eacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我們的英語老師走進了教室,手里拿著試卷。 There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一條河,河兩岸長滿了鮮花。6、名詞或代詞主格+ 副詞 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散會了,校長很快就離開了會議室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 燈熄了 ,我們不能繼續(xù)工

35、作了。7. 名詞（代詞）+名詞His first shot failure ， he fired again 他第一槍沒擊中，又打了一槍。Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 兩百人死于事故，其中有許多兒童三、提高練習(xí)1. I m going to have my car A. . to be fixedB. to fix C. fixed D. to fix2. What s the language in GermanyA. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to

36、speak3. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by4. He had his leg in the match yesterday. A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking5. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being i

37、nvited D. inviting6. more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied8. The computer center, last year, is very popular among the students in this

38、 school.A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened9. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose10. The Olympic Games, in 776BC, didn t include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first pl

39、ayed11. Don t get in the rain. A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught12. I found a car in a pool by the side of the road. A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick13. -By the way, when did you get your bedroom -Last week.A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted14. The childr

40、en were found in the cave. A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped15. They found a old woman on the ground when the door was broken down.A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain16. On a morning the little girl was found at the corner of the street.A. freezing, freez

41、ing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing17. No one enjoys fun of in public. A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word .A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak19. from space, the earth, with water

42、 seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered20. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly21. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for t

43、he day.（2007重慶卷 ）A. finishingB. finished C. had finished D. were finished, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered ,all the students ran out of the classroom.A. Class was overB.

44、Class is over C. Class overD. When class over24. ,everything has changed.goes ongoing on time going ontime went on,they will go to the zoo.A. Weather permitting B. Weather permitted C. Weather being permitted having permittedlot of homework _,they have to go home. A. to dobe doing1-5 C B B B A 6-10

45、A D D C A 11 15 D B B B A 16-20 B B B B A 21-25 B B C B A26-30 A一過去分詞做定語、表語專項練習(xí)1. Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited2. The computer center, last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. open B. openin

46、g C. having opened D. opened3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay5. Don t use words, expreiosnss, or phrases only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known6 English is different from English in

47、many ways.A. Spoken; written B. Speaking; written C. Spoken; writing D. Speak; write7 The woman there under the tree, in a blue shirt, is our headmaster.A. sitting; wearing B. sitting; dressed C. seating; dressed D. seated; dressing8 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing Mining Company, as 3M

48、.A. knowing. B. known. C. being known. D. to be known9 The dishes lay on the floor. A breaking. B. broken. C. broke. D. break10 the ship,by a huge piece of iceberg, cam to a sudden stop. A. hitting.B. hit. . D. to hit.11 Sandy, hurry up. I m afraid you won t have time to before the party.A. get chan

49、ged. B. get change. 12. get changing. D. get to change.12 he seems quite at the idea. A. pleasing. B. pleased. C. please. D. pleasant.13 . She felt rather th at she shouldn t drive the car at such_aspeed., frightening , frightened C. frightening, frightened D. frightened, frightening14 Tell Mary tha

50、t there s someone for her at the door. A. waiBtin. gw.aits. C. waited. D. to wait.15 there is a big dogto a fence outside the house. A. tying. B. tied. C. to tie. D. ties.16 The Olympic Games, _ in 776 not include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to

51、be first playing17 . What he has done is really . Now his parents are him.A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed aboutC. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by19. Mr Smith, of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; bored

52、 C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring20. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers by her mother.A. buyingB. being bought C. were bought D. bought21. As we joined the big crowd I got from my . separated B. spared C. lost22. The students, at the way the question was put, didn

53、 t know how to answer it.A being surprised B. surprising C. surprised D. having surprised23. The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A having writtenB. to be written C. being writtenD. written24. Look at the noteto the door, you will see that someo

54、ne paid a visit when we are away.A. pinning B. pinned C. being pinned D. is pinned25. I was very to find all the tickets had been sold out when I got there.A. disappoint B. to disappoint C. disappointing D. disappointed26. . - A woman was killed. - Where is the body of the womanA. murder B. murdered

55、 C. murdering D. having murdered27. .The _ look on the girl s face suggested that she _ such bad news.A. surprising, would expectB. surprised, should expectC. surprising, shouldn t have been expected D. surprised, hadn t expected28. . You ll find the word "psychology"_under "P" i

56、n your dictionary. A. have listed B. list C. listed D. listing29. . From the date _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.be marked been marked30. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. Bfollowingbe followed32. What s the language in Germany A. speakin

57、g B. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak33. Lily seems very muchin the magazine, but I think it s too expensive.A. interested B. interesting C. to interest D. to be interesting34. All the passengers should remainwhen the plane is making a landing.A. seat B. seatingC. to be seating D. seated35. There is nothingto do but wait for my parents to come . leave