定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件從句中的用法。 條件從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did (be用were)would (should, could, might) +do表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had donewould (should, could, might) +have done表示與將來(lái)的事實(shí)可能相反did/were 或should do 或were to dowould (should, could, might) +do例如：1、If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives

2、 would be saved.2、If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there would have been many more deaths.3、If they came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.二、混合/錯(cuò)綜虛擬條件句。從句的動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去，主句表示現(xiàn)在。例如：If he had followed the doctor's advice, he would be quite all right now.三、含蓄條件句。通過(guò)上下文或without, otherwise,

3、 but for, but, even if(=even though)等來(lái)表示虛擬條件。例如：We couldnt have finished the work without you timely help.I ate too much; otherwise I would have lost weight.I would have lost weight, but I ate too much.四、倒裝虛擬條件句。如果if條件中含有were, should或had,那么，可以把if省去，而把were, should或had提到主語(yǔ)的前面。例如：Had he invited us, we

4、would have gone to the party.Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.Were I in your position, I would go to the party.五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。（=if only）要是該多好?。?；但愿I wish we could go swimming( 表示將來(lái), 用“would/could do”。)I wish the weather were better.( 表示現(xiàn)在，用過(guò)去式（be用were）。)I wish that

5、I had known the answer then.（對(duì)過(guò)去的事情表示遺憾，用“had done”）六、在表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議的動(dòng)詞如order, suggest, advise, command, demand, request, require, insist, desire, propose等后的賓語(yǔ)從句中以及由上述動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的名詞之后的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和過(guò)去分詞所構(gòu)成的“It is +過(guò)去分詞 +that 從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用“(should) do”。例如：They demanded that Bob go there at once.What is needed is

6、a change in land ownership, and it has been suggested that the land should be shared equally among the peasants.七、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在as if(=as though)引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反；用“had done”表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反；用“would do”表示與將來(lái)的事實(shí)可能相反。例如：Does it seem as if he pretended to be poor?He looked at me as if I were mad 但是，as i

7、f引導(dǎo)的從句中，如果表示真實(shí)的情況，則用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例如：It looks as if it is pure gold.八、用在“It is (high/about) time +that從句”(正是做的時(shí)候)及“Would you mind if +從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去式。例如：It's time I went and picked up my little girl from school.Would you mind if I smoked in the office next door?九、would rather后跟從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用did表示現(xiàn)在或

8、將來(lái)；用“had done”表示過(guò)去。例如：I'd rather he came back now.Id rather you hadnt come yesterday.十、在“It is + strange(important, natural, necessary, etc.)+ that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should do”。例如：It is strange that he should say that.It is important that we should learn English well.1.She couldnt have answered th

9、e question if she _a few books on world history.A. hadnt readB. havent readC. wouldnt readD. didnt read1. I was ill that day, otherwise I _the sports meet.A. would take part inB. had taken part inC. took part inD. would have taken part in2. The child talks to us as if he _a grown-up.A. isB. will beC

10、. had beenD. were3. _the clouds, you would find the plane in the sky easily.A. Were it not forB. If it hadnt been forC. If it were notD. Had it not been for4. If I had known that, I _so.A. wouldnt doB. wont doC. didnt doD. wouldnt have done5. But for the Party, he _of hunger 30 years ago.A. would ha

11、ve diedB. must have diedC. would dieD. died6. Without your help, I _the exam last term.A. would have passedB. wouldnt passC. would have failedD. failed in7. If it _so hard, wed go to town.A. isnt rainingB. werent rainingC. doesnt rainD. isnt going to rain8. He _you if you _to see him this afternoon.

12、A. might tell, were goingB. fold, were goingC. might have told, had goneD. should tell, went9. Our former mathematics teacher died of cancer last term, otherwise he _.A. will still workB. should still workC. would still have workedD. would still be working10. What would you do if the war _.A. is bro

13、ken outB. will break outC. were to break outD. would break out11. The soldier died in the hospital. He _ if the doctor _on him two hours earlier.A. might be saved, operatedB. could be saved, had operatedC. could have been saved, had operatedD. had been saved, was operated13._you _last Wednesday, you

14、 might know it well.A. Did, comeB. Had, comeC. If, cameD. Were, to come14. _he would have succeeded in the examinations.A. Had he worked hardB. If he worked hardC. If he works hardD. If he has worked hard15._ we would still be leading a hard life.A. Had China been liberatedB. Had China not been libe

15、ratedC. If China hadnt liberatedD. Had not China been liberated狀語(yǔ)從句1時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 when, while ,as, after, before, since, as soon as, the moment/minute, immediately, no sooner . than, hardly.when, scarcely.before/when, each time, every time, till, until, by the time, whenever, (1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將

16、來(lái)完成時(shí) I will discuss this with you when we meet.(2) when, while, as 都可以表示“當(dāng).的時(shí)候” when 引導(dǎo)的從句中的動(dòng)作可以是和主句中的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以是 先后發(fā)生 What do we use when we write on a blackboard? When he got to the door, he took out his key.(3)as強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生“一邊一邊” They shouted as they ran.(4) while只指時(shí)間段，不指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，從句動(dòng)詞只限于持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 Dont

17、speak so loud while he is sleeping. 注意：1.when從句與主句動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生時(shí)，不能與while, as互換 When he has finished his work, he tales a short rest. When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 2.when從句動(dòng)詞為即時(shí)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)不能用while替換。 When he came yesterday, we were playing basketball. 說(shuō)明：此時(shí)，when也不能用as替換，因?yàn)閍s 從句為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句通常

18、也必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 注意：when 和while 還可以作并列連詞用 when 表示正在這時(shí) be about to do sth. when / be doing sth.when / had done.when while 表示“而，卻” 表示對(duì)比 I like swimming while he likes skating. While 表示“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.(3) before 與after 后面主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞不可省略。 He went ho

19、me after he was examined. 不可變成：He went home after examined.(4) 表示“一就” as soon as, the moment / minute, immediately (5) 剛就 no soonerthan / hardlywhen 主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去時(shí) No sooner had he arrived home than he sent me a letter. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.(6) till, until (一般情況下till不放

20、在句首) till, until 用于肯定句時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 I shall wait till he comes. Till, until 用于否定句時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞為即時(shí)性動(dòng)詞 I didnt go to bed until my father came back. 注意：對(duì)notuntil時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要把否定詞not 放在until 前，主句的否定形式變成肯定形式。 It was not until my father came back that I went to bed.(7) by the time 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，如果從句中的時(shí)間為過(guò)去時(shí)間，主句的時(shí)態(tài)為

21、had done（狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式），如果從句的時(shí)間為將來(lái)時(shí)間，主句的事態(tài)為will have done（狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)）。 By the time he arrived, we had had our dinner. By the time he came back, it was already 12:00. By the time you reach the top of the hill, you will have broken down. By the time you get to the station, I will be there.2地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 where, wh

22、erever Go where you like. Wherever I go, I will miss you. Where there is a will, there is a way.注意：不要和where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句搞混了。 Do you know where he lives? Do you know the place where he lives?3.條件狀語(yǔ)從句 once, if , unless, so/as long as, on condition that, in case, lest, providing 如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 If he

23、comes tomorrow, hell call me. Dont come unless I call you.4. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句 as, since, because, now that, seeing that, given that, considering that, for為并列連詞，置于主句后，常有逗號(hào)分開，表示一種附帶的解釋、說(shuō) 明，語(yǔ)氣最弱。since 所引導(dǎo)的從句一般置于主句前，表示顯而易見或眾所周知的原因,相當(dāng)與漢語(yǔ)“既然”。as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句和since差不多。表示的原因已經(jīng)非常明顯，不必加以強(qiáng)調(diào)，相當(dāng)與“由于”。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句表示直接的，根本的原

24、因，用來(lái)回答why提出的問(wèn)題。 5讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 as, though, although, even though/if, whether. or, whenever, wherever, while,when, however, whoever, whatever, whichever , no matter how( where, when, which, what.) However (no matter how)expensive it may be, Ill take it. Young as he is, he knows a lot.= Though he is young, W

25、e wont discouraged even if/though we fail ten times. 注意：though可以作副詞，放在句尾。 as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句把名詞，形容詞提前，名詞前不用冠詞。6.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 so that, so. that., such. that. He didnt plan his time well, so that he didnt finish the work in time. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.7.目的狀語(yǔ)從句 so that, in order th

26、at ,從句中使用一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 may, (might, will, would, can, could )+ 動(dòng)詞原形 Lets take the front seas so that we may see more clearly. He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.8方式狀語(yǔ)從句 (just) as, as if /though Do in Rome as the Romans do. Sometimes

27、 we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. She stood at the door as if she were waiting for someone.9. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句 as. as., not as/so.as., than , the more, the more It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing. The result was not as/so good as I had expected. The busier he is, the happ

28、ier he feels. The house is three times as big as ours.定語(yǔ)從句歸納與總結(jié)通過(guò)初中的學(xué)習(xí)，同學(xué)們了解到，漢語(yǔ)中“的”前面的部分是定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)的常見形式是形容詞、形容詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞等。例如： 一場(chǎng)精彩的比賽a wonderful match 一個(gè)擠滿人的房間a room full of people 那個(gè)穿紅裙子的女孩the girl in the red skirt 臥在地上的狗the dog lying on the floor 如果用一個(gè)句子作定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞，那么，這個(gè)句子就叫作定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句放在被修飾的詞的后面

29、，被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間要有連接詞連接，這個(gè)連接詞我們稱其為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)：（1）關(guān)系詞的選擇；（2）that和which的區(qū)別；（3）關(guān)系詞的省略問(wèn)題；（4）介詞在定語(yǔ)從句中位置（介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞）；（5）as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；（6）定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞和關(guān)系詞當(dāng)中的插入語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞一、弄清關(guān)系代詞所指及其在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞帧?1 先行詞指物時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞thatwhich在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如：

30、He bought a coat thatwhich cost little     他買了一件便宜上衣。（作主語(yǔ)）    The car which that he bought yesterday is a secondhand one    他昨天買的車是個(gè)二手貨。（作賓語(yǔ)）1 The island _ he visited last year is far from the town. The island_ he lived in his childhood is far from the to

31、wn. A. which B. in where C. at which D. on which2The glass cup I bought is _ orange. The glass cup I bought is _ orange one. A. an B. the C./ D. such3Is this the church _ you visited the other day? Is this church _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. the one D. in which2 先行詞指人時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞thatw

32、ho在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)（在口語(yǔ)中，代替whom）。如：    The man who that gave a speech on TV is the president     昨天在電視上演講的人是總統(tǒng)。（作主語(yǔ)）    This is the strange man thatwhowhom I met yesterday      這就是我昨天碰到的那個(gè)怪人。（作賓語(yǔ)）1.He brought forward a plan _ we didnt agree.

33、.He brought forward a plan _ we didnt accept. A. with which B. to which C. for which D./2.The woman _ he married was a doctor. .The woman _ he was married was a doctor. A. which B. whom C. to whom D. with whom 3.The team,_ was formed last year, played well today. .The team, _ are all students, playe

34、d well today. A. that B. which C. as D. who3 whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)，既可指人，作“某（些）人的”解；也可指物，作“某（些）物的”解。如：    This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake    這就是在那次大地震中失去雙親的那個(gè)小姑娘。    We live in a house whose windows open to the south &

35、#160;  我們居住在一所窗戶朝南的房子里。1.Mary, _ I went to the exhibition, is an actress. Mary, _ car I went to the exhibition, is an actress. A. whose B. in whose C. whom D. with whom2This is the hill, _ top is covered with snow. This is the hill, _ the top is covered with snow. This is the hill, _ is covered

36、 with snow. This is the hill, and _ top is covered with snow.A. its B. which C. of which D. whose4。理清上述關(guān)系還能幫助我們判斷定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。又如：    He is one of the students who work hard    他是學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生之一。（who指先行詞the students）    He is the only one of the students who goe

37、s abroad 他是學(xué)生中唯一出國(guó)的。（who指先行詞the only one）1.He is one of the students who _ often late. 1.He is the one of the students who _ often late. A. is B. are C. come D. comes二、記清多用關(guān)系代詞that的幾種情況： 1 先行詞為all， everything， nothing， something， anything， little， few， much等不定代詞時(shí)。如：     There is littl

38、e that I can use     幾乎沒(méi)有什么我能用的了。2 先行詞被all， each， few， much， every， no， some， any等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。如：     All the books that you need are here     你所需要的書都在這兒。3 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：     This is the first composition that he has written in English

39、0;   這是他用英語(yǔ)寫的第一篇作文。4 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：     He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited     他談到了他曾拜訪過(guò)的老師和學(xué)校。5 主句是以who或which開頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如：    Who is the man that is speaking over there？    在那里說(shuō)話的人是誰(shuí)？6 先行詞被the only，the very，

40、 the last等修飾時(shí)。如：     This is the very gun that I am looking for     這正是我在找的槍。7 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：     He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago    他已不是三十年前的那個(gè)年輕人了。 8.被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)，只用that。 He bought two cats yesterday. Now I can see the t

41、wo that are playing in the garden. 9.如果兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞用which，另一個(gè)用that，以避免重復(fù)。 He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 10.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that（但修飾人用who）。 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank.1The team,_ was formed last year, played well today.

42、The team, _ are all students, played well today. A. that B. which C. as D. who三、定語(yǔ)從句中用which不用that的情況：1)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)：This is the house of which the windows face south.2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which可代表先行詞或前句，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Tom did the experiment successfully, which made us happy. His dog, which was very old, beca

43、me ill. 3)先行詞是that時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用which。 Whats that which was bright in the car?4）一個(gè)句子兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，為避免重復(fù)，一個(gè)用that，另一個(gè)用which。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.四、先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句隔離定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入別的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句的隔離。例如：1) This is the article written by him th

44、at he spoke to you about.2) He was the only person in this country who was invited.3)Word came that they were only allowed to learn German.五、定語(yǔ)從句中的插入語(yǔ)上周我碰到了你認(rèn)為與他一起工作很愉快的那個(gè)人。Last week I came across the man who you think is pleasant to work with.This is the suggestion _ very valuable.A. that I think i

45、t is B. which I think is C. which is I think D. I think it is關(guān)系副詞where, when和why  一、 關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1 當(dāng)先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如place， room， mountain， airport等，同時(shí)又在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句需要用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。例如：   The two lost boys happened to come into a cave where they discovered some very valuable prehis

46、torical rock paintings by chance    那兩個(gè)迷路的男孩碰巧進(jìn)入了一個(gè)山洞，在那里他們意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些非常有價(jià)值的史前巖畫。   在上述例句中，where代表in the cave，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。2 通常，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的where大都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞which”的形式。例如：   The soldiers rushed into the room where in which they found those gold bars士兵沖進(jìn)房間，在那里他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了那些金條。3當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞在從句中

47、不是作狀語(yǔ)，而是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而不是用where。試比較：   The Yangtze Gorges is a beautiful place (that which） people all over the world look forward to visiting     長(zhǎng)江三峽是個(gè)美麗的地方，全世界的人都渴望來(lái)參觀。   The Yangtze River is our mother river where the Chinese people have cr

48、eated the brilliant Chinese civilization    長(zhǎng)江是我們的母親河，中華民族在那里創(chuàng)造了燦爛的華夏文明。   1Well meet at the same place _ we met last time. Well remember our first class _ Mr White taught us and we never forget it. A. where B. as C. which D. that2Is this the factory _Mr Li once worked? .Is this

49、the factory _ My Li once worked in? .Is this factory _ Mr Li once worked in? .Is this the only factory _ Mr Li once worked in? Is this the factory in _ Mr Li once worked? .It is in this factory _ Mr Li once worked? A. that B. which C. where D. the one二、關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，如time， day， year，

50、month， week等，同時(shí)又在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句需要用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。例如：   Galileo lived at a time when the human spirit was waking after a thousand years of sleep    伽利略生活的時(shí)代是人類靈魂經(jīng)過(guò)了千年沉睡之后正在蘇醒的時(shí)代。2與where一樣，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的when也可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞which”的形式。例如：   All the Chinese， at home and abroad， will forever rem

51、ember the date when on which the Red Five-star Flag was raised in Hong Kong    海內(nèi)外的所有華人都不會(huì)忘記五星紅旗在香港的土地上升起時(shí)的日子。3當(dāng)先行詞為the time， the moment， the day， the minute等時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞when可以省略，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。例如：   The moment (that when） I turned round， she had left and disappeared in the crowd  

52、60; 當(dāng)我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)時(shí)，她已經(jīng)離開并消失在人群中了。   Do you still remember the day we got to know each other    你還記得我們彼此相識(shí)的那一天嗎？   這時(shí)的定語(yǔ)從句（省略了when或that），實(shí)際上已經(jīng)是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句了。4當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的先行詞在從句中不是作狀語(yǔ)，而是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而不是用when。例如：   The film reminded me of those miserable day

53、s (that which） I spent in my childhood     這部電影使我想起了我童年時(shí)代度過(guò)的那些苦難日子。1.Well never forget the days _ we spent together. Well never forget the days _ we worked together. A. that B. when C. whose D. whom三、關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason, excuse, explanation時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句需要用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)的定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞

54、的內(nèi)容。例如：   Do you know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine   你知道蒸汽機(jī)中存在熱損耗的原因嗎？2我們也可以用for which來(lái)替代why。例如：   The reason why for which you failed， I think， was that you had turned a deaf ear to your mothers advice    我認(rèn)為你失敗的原因是你不聽你母親的忠告。注意：在“the reason why sb does sth is that從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不能換成because。