國貿(mào)論述題（China World Trade Center Exposition）

1、國貿(mào)論述題（China World Trade Center Exposition）Discussion (2*10 score)1 Analysis of the reasons, influence and Countermeasures of Chinas trade surplusFirst, the main reason for the balance of payments surplus1. insufficient effective demandThe main reason for the decline of Chinas import growth rate is t

2、he lack of effective demand.The main reason for the sharp decline in Chinas import growth rate is the lack of effective demand. On the one hand, the lack of effective demand leads to overcapacity, and reduces the profit margins of enterprises, so that enterprises lack the funds and power to expand r

3、eproduction and technological innovation, thereby affecting the import of production means. On the other hand, in order to solve the shortage of effective demand caused by some high-energy industries, such as paper, electrolytic aluminum, etc., in the past two years, the phenomenon of overheating in

4、vestment.2. national policy biased exportsSince the reform and opening up, in order to solve the contradiction between capital, shortage of foreign exchange and economic development, China has adopted a series of preferential policies to encourage exports, development of coastal export-oriented econ

5、omy, the export-oriented economy is conducive to the development of policies and measures to implement the system and the environment, making Chinas exports competitive advantage to further play the rapid growth of exports.3. the input of global excess liquidityIt is because of the long-term low int

6、erest rate policy in the worlds three largest economy, to create the worlds excess liquidity pushed oil prices and global asset price inflation, but also forced the excess liquidity flowing into Chinas capital market and real estate market, China began to be passively manufacturing excess liquidity.

7、4. statistical differences of objective existenceThe reason of statistics is mainly the following five aspects: (1) and Hongkong (2) re price, FOB and CIF difference, (3) the statistical range of difference (4) statistics of trade in services, (5) statistics of electronic commerce invisible trade. W

8、ith the internationalization of production caused by FDI and international production networks, the current trade balance sheet has been very outdated and has great misleading effects. Although multinational companies have their own assets, liabilities and financial data, the United States and other

9、 governments and policy makers and international trade organizers can not accurately and comprehensively understand the international trade activities.Two, the international balance of payments surplus influence analysisThe overall economic structure of international payments surplus domestic, incre

10、ase inflationary pressure, as Chinas special foreign exchange policy and monetary policy, resulting in Chinas current excess liquidity, inflation pressure.1., the surge in foreign exchange reserves, excess liquidity, price rise pressureThe balance of payments surplus caused a surge in foreign exchan

11、ge reserves, resulting in hedging excessive liquidity has become an important task in the current and future period of the central bank monetary policy. Due to the rapid increase in foreign exchange reserves, the central bank hedging operation is becoming more and more important, more difficult, and

12、 the cost is also higher and higher. The double surplus of the balance of payments leads to the rapid growth of foreign exchange reserves. Under the current system of foreign exchange settlement and sale, the foreign exchange unification is purchased by the central bank. Therefore, in order to maint

13、ain the stability of the exchange rate, the central bank passively took in a lot of foreign exchange, so that a large amount of basic money was put into the market.2. weaken the effectiveness of monetary policyThe hedging operation of the central bank aimed at weakening the negative impact of a larg

14、e amount of basic money has a lot of passivity, which limits the space and initiative of the central banks monetary policy regulation, and also affects the effect of the central banks policy control.Three, countermeasures of controlling international double surplus1. restrict inflow of foreign capit

15、al and investment ValleyOne of the pressures of Chinas current inflation is the input of excess liquidity abroad. Therefore, in order to slow down the liquidity pressure, we must strictly restrict the foreign investment areas and strictly supervise the inflow and outflow of foreign capital.2., incre

16、ase the added value of export products and limit the export of resource-based productsThe rapid growth of Chinas exports relies mainly on the advantages of cheap labor and resource-based products, while the technology and marketing management are relatively backward, and the added value is relativel

17、y low. Therefore, to give preferential treatment to export more products of high technology and high added value from the policy, and gradually reduce the high energy consumption products production and export proportion, in order to promote the transformation of trade growth mode, in order to achie

18、ve the balance of trade.3., encourage enterprises to use foreign exchange to carry out transnational investmentOur government should encourage enterprises to use foreign exchange, carry out large-scale overseas investment, improve the financial support system of overseas investment, and encourage en

19、terprises to go out. Transfer excess domestic production capacity to foreign markets.2 what are the problems in Chinas foreign trade, and what do you think should be solved?(1) the outstanding problems faced by Chinas foreign trade development1, resources and environmental constraints increasingly s

20、trengthenedThe development of Chinas foreign trade still relies mainly on tangible factors such as resources, energy, land and environment, and the resources and environment are more pressure. The restriction of resources and environment in Chinas foreign trade development will be more intensified.2

21、, the traditional comparative advantage gradually weakenedChinas population structure and labor supply and demand situation is undergoing profound changes, the working age population gradually approaching the peak, demographic dividend is approaching the inflection point. Chinas foreign trade is dif

22、ficult to continue to rely on the advantages of low-cost labor force development.3, export products are still at the low end of the global value chainIn the international division of labor value chain, China is still basically concentrated in the middle and low end, less trade benefits. Export produ

23、cts mainly rely on labor-intensive, low technology content, high value-added processing and assembly link, link additional value and high technology R & D, design, marketing and other developed countries still largely in the hands of.4, foreign trade enterprises ability to resist risks is lowThe fin

24、ancial crisis and the debt crisis in Europe and the United States warn China must improve the anti risk ability of foreign trade enterprises as soon as possible. Labor intensive industry and processing trade industry absorb more employment, enterprises closed down, export slowdown, social employment

25、 and stability will have a certain negative impact. Therefore, we should take into account the bearing capacity of foreign trade enterprises in grasping all kinds of macro control policies.5, there is imbalance in the development of foreign tradeIn the past thirty years of reform and opening up, Chi

26、na has implemented a foreign trade development strategy based on export promotion. This strategy has promoted the rapid development of Chinas foreign trade in a specific period,However, due to the economic development stage and regional differences and other factors, Chinas foreign trade development

27、 has also appeared unbalanced phenomenon. This imbalance is mainly reflected in three aspects, one is the imbalance of import and export trade, two regional foreign trade development is not balanced; the three is not balanced development of trade partners, the imbalance of the objective requirements

28、 of our country should speed up the transformation of foreign trade development, and strive to achieve the balanced development of foreign trade.(2) fully understanding the positive role of foreign trade and insisting on the development of foreign tradeWe should improve the quality and level of fore

29、ign trade development as soon as possible, and steadily push forward the process of marketization, exploring the establishment of the open economy characteristics of China foreign trade management system and mechanism, continue to expand new areas of opening-up and create a harmonious development of

30、 the internal and external environment, maintain stability, coordination and sustainable development of the national economy.(two) actively adjust the development strategy, speed up the transformation of foreign trade development modeTo adjust the development strategy of foreign trade, it is necessa

31、ry to adjust the guiding ideology of foreign trade development. It is necessary to use the theory of competitive advantage for reference to improve the international competitiveness of enterprises and industries in china. The government should create a favorable external environment for enterprises,

32、 pay attention to science and technology and human capital, the linkage mechanism to seek enterprise, industry and government, and the linkage mechanism can withstand international test, so as to promote foreign trade Chinese further adapt to the new situation of international competition environmen

33、t.(three) speed up the pace of independent innovation and build new advantages in international competitionThe new situation requires Chinas foreign trade enterprises to deeply participate in the international market competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises through improving

34、the ability of independent innovation. We should vigorously promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, give the processing trade a new connotation, and improve Chinas position in the international division of labor value chain as soon as possible. At the same time, we should give

35、full play to the interaction and promotion of foreign investment, foreign investment, foreign economic cooperation and foreign trade growth, and build a new advantage for China to participate in international competition.(four) speed up the adjustment of industrial layout, and promote the gradient transfer of manufacturing industryIndustry is the foundation and guarantee of foreign trade development. The low cost advantage of Chinas manufacturing industry is facing challenges. Speeding up the industr