淺談“For sb.+to do 與“of sb.+to do”在用法上的區(qū)別

1、.淺談“For sb.+to do 與“of sb.+to do在用法上的區(qū)別1 兩個句型的不同用法英語中屢次出現(xiàn) It is+adj.+for sb.+to do 與 It+is adj.+of sb.+to do 這兩種很相似的句型 ，到底是 for sb.+to do 還是 of sb.+to do? 大家會對此句型的掌握有些模糊，可以從幾點來區(qū)別使用它們。 以下談?wù)勎业睦斫馀c看法。這兩個句型中何時用“for，何時用“of；假如既描繪行為，又描繪作出這種行為的人，就用“of。 如：It was nice of you to see me off at this time of night

2、. 在這一句里 ，“nice既描繪行為to see me off at this time of night, 又 描 述 了 做 出 此 行 為 的 人“you， 因為我們可以說 “For you to see me off at this time ofnight is nice 也可以說 ：You are nice to see me off at this time of night.假設(shè)形容詞僅僅是描繪事物， 不是對不定式行為者的品格進展評價，用 for sb. It is important for us to study hard.。 這一句話里，“important只描繪行為

3、to study hard，不描繪做出此行為的人“us，因為我們可說“For us to study hard is important。 卻不可以說 We are important to study hard.2 上述兩種形容詞的歸類及兩種句型的轉(zhuǎn)換形式1 nice 類型的形容詞屬于 nice 類型的形容詞，常用的還有 clever，cruel，foolish，stupid，good，greedy，generous，honest，modest，kind，polite，impolite，rude，selfish，wise，right，wrong，wonderful，careful carel

4、ess，absurd，brave，silly，lazy 等。例如：It's clever of you to solve the problemIt was careless of you to break the glassIt was stupid of you to make such a mistake上述句子可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：You are clever to solve the problemYou are careless to break the glassYou are stupid to make such a mistake這些句子還可以轉(zhuǎn)換為由 how 引導(dǎo)的感慨句。

5、例如：How careless of you to break the glass!How stupid of you to make such a mistake!2 important 類型的形容詞屬于 important 類型的形容詞，常用的有 easy，hard，necessary，difficult，possible，impossible，useful，useless，strange，pleasant，convenient, dangerous，等。例如：It's very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. It

6、 ishardly possible for us to fulfill the task without your helpIt is not easy for me to learn another foreign languageIt is completely useful for him to read such books.以上句子還可轉(zhuǎn)換為：It is hardly possible for us to fulfill this task without your help.Another foreign language is not easy for me to learnS

7、uch books are completely useful for him to read又可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：For us to fulfill the task without your help was hardly possible.For me to learn another language is not easy.For him to read such books IS completely useful以上這些形式多用于書面語但這種句型不能轉(zhuǎn)換成：We were hardly possible to fulfill the task without your helpI am

8、not easy to learn another foreign languageHe is completely useful to read such books因為這些形容詞只描繪“行為，不能描繪做出這種行為的人。我們再進一步研究一下以 Another foreign language is not so easy for me to master 為例的句型中詞與詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。在形式上 easy 是所以是表語，說明主語 another foreign language，但實際上卻是說明跟在后面的不定式 to master 的。這個不定式 to master 必須是個及物動詞， 以

9、語法上的主語 another foreign language 為其意義上的賓語。上述這兩個特點又進一步說明在“it is+adj+for sb+to do句型里。 表語必須是一個從意義上看能修飾動詞的性質(zhì)形容詞，與能否說明主語那么無關(guān)系。3 兩個句型中的“it的作用不一樣“It is+adj+for sb+to do 的 “代替的是不定式復(fù)合構(gòu)造“for sb，to do 而 “It is+adj+of sb+to do 中的"it"只能代替“to do。例如在下而的兩句對話中：A：I've lost my mobile phoneB：That was very

10、careless of you但在“It is+adj+for sb+to do中“it卻不是能用 that 代替，如不能說：That is necessary for you to do so“It is+adj+for sbto do句型中“for sbto do為不定式復(fù)合構(gòu)造。 因此，完全具備動詞不定式的語法功能。 除了作主語外， 還可以做其它成份。 如：We think it advisable for him to go there at once賓語 for. to do sth 在句中作主語時 ，其表語可以是形容詞也可以是名詞；I am anxious for him to have a good rest狀語It is impossible for you to get there in such a short time.而在“It is+adj“+of sbto do句型中，不定式 to do 是用來和形容詞一起構(gòu)成“形容詞+不定式構(gòu)造的，因此，我們可以說：I think it wise for him to make the decision而不能說 I think it wise of him to