獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

1、高中英語語法通霸3：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)1. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成A. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是把一個分句破壞了謂語前面我們學(xué)過，兩個分句放在一起而不用句子連詞連接只以逗號隔開，這樣的句子是錯誤的（參看P. 10Error! Reference source not found.）。His homework was finished, he went out to play. ×這時，我們可以把一個分句的謂語破壞掉，把其謂語變成非謂語或不用動詞。上句可以變?yōu)椋篐is homework finished, he went out to play.這樣，這個分句被破壞后就成了

2、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子更簡練，有利于表達(dá)復(fù)雜內(nèi)容。破壞謂語的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表結(jié)構(gòu)表原因的，be也可變?yōu)閎eing）；不含be的，謂語和主語是主動關(guān)系的，把謂語變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞；是被動關(guān)系的，把謂語變?yōu)檫^去分詞；謂語表將來動作的，變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ健＞毩?xí)：合并下列句子，把畫線句子改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1. His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2. He arrived at home. His face was red.3. My homework was finished. I went out to play football

3、with my friends.4. I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me.5. I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done.6. It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home.B. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成 名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞（與前面構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系）Weather permitting, we are going to visit youtomorrow. 名詞(代詞)+過去分詞（與前面構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系）The

4、60;test finished, we began our holiday. 名詞(代詞)+不定式（表將來）He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. 名詞(代詞)+副詞The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit. 名詞(代詞)+形容詞A hunter came in, his face red with cold. 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語He came out of the library, a lar

5、ge book under his arm. 名詞(代詞) +名詞The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.考點(diǎn)2. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系看下面兩個句子： With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.（前面粗體部分是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)） The traffic light green, the bus got moving. (前面粗體部分是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))可以看出，作狀語時，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在

6、用法上是相同的，可以通過添、去with相互轉(zhuǎn)換。但是作定語時，常用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt.背上背孩子的那個女的是我阿姨。在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)介詞是in時，其前后的兩個名詞均可以不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞），也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受限制。A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. A policeman ran after him, with a stick

7、 in his hand.1. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled2. With all the magazines I needed _, I left the post office.A. buyingB. to buyC. boughtD. to be bought3. With electricity _, we couldnt drive the m

8、achine.A. was cut offB. being cut off C. cut offD. having cut off4. Everything _ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking5. _ more and more forests damaged, some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.

9、 A. AsB. ForC. WithD. By6. 【2010山東】The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked.A. laidB. layingC. to layD. being laid7. Many students _ around, I explained the story into details.A. stoodB. standingC. to stand D. were standing8. 【2012遼寧】The old couple oft

10、en take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them.A. to followB. followingC. followedD. follows9. Tom looked at Jenny, tears _ his eyes, and shouted the words _ in his heart for years.A. filling; having been hiddenB. filled; hiddenC. filling; hiddenD. filled; hiding10. With the boy _

11、 the way, we had no trouble _ the way _ to Zhongshan Park.A. leading; finding; leading B. to lead; found; to leadC. led; finding; ledD. leading; found; led11. _, he had to stay at home q329950885 looking after her.A. Being illB. His wife was illC. His wife being illD. Because he was ill12. _, John r

12、eturned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vacation being over B. The summer vacation is over C. Because the summer vacation over D. After the summer vacation being over13. The old sick goat lay on the ground, its eyes _ and its legs _.A. closed; trembledB. closing; trembling C. closed; tremb

13、lingD. closing; trembled.14. 【2012全國新課標(biāo)】The party will be held in the garden, weather _.A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit15. We left the meeting, there obviously _ no point in staying.A. wereB. beingC. to beD. having16. All flights _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do no

14、thing but take the train.A. were canceledB. having been canceled C. had been canceledD. have been canceled考點(diǎn)3. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與定語從句由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句要有完整的謂語，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則沒有完整的謂語，且不需要連接詞。17. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ translated into a foreign language.A. themB. whichC . itD. what18. You can use a large plastic

15、bottle, _ cut off, as a pot to grow young plants in.A. the top isB. the top of which C. whose topD. with its top19. 【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control.A. most of themB. most of which C. most of whatD. most of that20. The English mayors

16、, most of _ girls, seldom win in the sports competitions.A. themB. whomC. theyD. the21. To find out, Frisch built special hives, _ only one honey-comb.A. each withB. each has C. each is withD. each of which having 考點(diǎn)4. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與狀語從句狀語從句要有完整的謂語，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則沒有完整的謂語。22. _ more and more forests destroyed, som

17、e animals are facing the danger of dying out.A. WithB. ByC. AsD. For23. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.A. forB. whenC. withD. whileI. 單句改錯1. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise went on.2. The largest collection ever found in England was one of ab

18、out 2,000 silver pennies, all of which 600 years old. 3. They had nowhere to live, because their houses destroyed in the earthquake. 4. 【2005江西】Actually, I didnt have to walk far before I found a small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room. II. 語法填空（每空至多填三詞）5. 【2011湖北】Wi

19、th the key_ (hold) in his hand，he looked for them everywhere.6. Conditions _ （permit）, I will teach myself a second foreign language. 7. There _ (be) no rain for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.8. With many items she needed _ (buy) for her 50-birthday-party, she w

20、ent to the supermarket with a big basket.9. Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress, their face _ (shine) with smile.10. 【2015江蘇】Much time _(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.11. 本內(nèi)容摘自高中英語語法通霸，打包下載III. 寫作技能提升11. 上周六沒有課，我們?nèi)⒂^了長城。（there be,

21、 pay a visit to）12. 我們的校園非常美麗，花兒香，鳥兒唱。（schoolyard, smell sweet, sing happily）13. 天氣很糟，我們不得不放棄爬上山頂?shù)挠媱潯?weather, give up, the top of the mount)14. 許多人對我們鎮(zhèn)的環(huán)境感到憂慮，包括我。（be concerned about, environment, include）15. 考慮到各方面情況，我認(rèn)為這是解決這個問題的合適的辦法。（all things, consider, an appropriate approach to, solve the pr

22、oblem）16. 每天有如此多的作業(yè)做，我感到身心疲憊。（with so many assignments to complete, exhausted, physically and mentally）17. 【2013湖北】上學(xué)時我遇到過很多老師，其中兩位對我影響很大。(through the course of my schooling, two of them, influence)答案： 練習(xí)：合并下列句子，把畫線句子改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1. His wife (being) ill, he had to stay at home.2. He arrived at home, his

23、 face red.3. My homework finished, I went out to play football with my friends.4. I rode a bike along the street, my dog following me.5. I had to stay at home, with a lot of homework to do.6. It raining last Sunday, I had to stay at home.1.C2.C3.C4.B5.C6.A7.B8.B9.C10.A11.C12.A13.C14.A15.B16.B17.A18.D19.B20.A21.A22.A23.C1. went改為going或者with改為because/as；with是介詞。2. which改為them或者在which后加were；用which時后面應(yīng)該是個完整的句子。3. because改為with或去掉，或在destroyed前加were或had been。4. shone改為shining；with是介詞，后面是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。a light和shine之間是主動關(guān)系。5. held；鑰匙被握在手中，所以用過去分詞。6. permitting；條件允許的話，主動關(guān)系，所以