全國(guó)中考英語卷說明文類閱讀理解

1、minerak poBuiion從燦砧2021 BThe population of the Earth is growing faster. It is important that we look after the Earth. We need it.The Earth gives us a lot of thin gs. We also give the Earth a lot, but some of the things are not good. In n ature, whe n someth ing dies, other animals and plants get foo

2、d from it. Every animal or plant gives food for othergiveani mals or pla nts. However, ani mals can't get food from many of the things that weEarth. Ani mals and pla nts canfor many, many, many years.t eat metal, plastic and glass. These thirtgiy wilthe groundSome rubbish is very dangerous for p

3、lants andani mal. I n some place, many ani mals live together. Oneanimal makes food for many more animals. If we put rubbish and chemicals in the water, the pla nkton 浮游 生物can die. If there isn ' t any plankton, many animals have nothing to eat.So what can we do? Don ' t leave any rubbish in

4、 the countryside! Don' t make so much rubbish!51. The Earth gives us.C. chemicals D. polluti onA. foodB. rubbish52. When someth ing dies in n ature,.A. water and grass are pollutedB. plastic and wood become foodC. other ani mals and pla nts get foodD. metal and glass stay in the gro und53. We mu

5、stto look after the Earth.A. put metal in the gro undB. use more woodC. keep frogs in the waterD. make less rubbish2021 B.Because earthquakes happen without warning, it' s important to take steps now to prepare.Because you don ' t know where you will be when an earthquake happens, prepare so

6、meupplies for your home, workplace, and car.1. Water.A pers on n eeds at least 1 /2 gall on of water daily just for drinking. Store at least 1 gall on of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. It is suggested that you buy bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original cont

7、ainer and do not open it until you need to use it. Also, do check the"dOtee by2. Food.It ' s always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable不易腐爛的food on hand. Have an eno ugh supply of canned food, powdered milk, dried fruits, non-salted nuts and canned juices for at least 72 hou

8、rs.3. Flashlights手電筒and spare batteries.Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or can dles after an earthquake un til you are sure that no gas leaks.Prepare a battery-powered radio and spare batteries. Most telepho nes will be out of order, so r

9、adios will be your best source of in formati on.4. Clothes.If you live in a cold place, you must thi nk about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake. Think about your cloth ing and beddi ng supplies.56. Why should people prepare themselves for an earthquake?A. Because earthquakes can be

10、 known before they happe n.B. Because earthquakes take place without warning.C. Because earthquakes usually take place in the n eighborhood.D. Because it ' s people ' s daily work to prepare the earthquakes.57. About the prepared water, which description is RIGHT?A. A pers on should prepare

11、0.5 gall on of water for one day.B. You ' d better use your own containers to keep water.C. You ' d better open the bottled water when you buy it.D. You shouldn' t open the bottled water until you need it.58. You should prepare all of the follow ing except.A. powdered milkB. fresh vegeta

12、blesC. dried fruitsD. canned juices59. Accord ing to the article we know that.A. we n eed to prepare some supplies only at homeB. a teleph one is the most importa nt prepared thingC. flashlights but not matches are first used after earthquakesD. clothes are used to protect your head60. If you live i

13、n a cold place, you should prepare.A. some warm clothes and beddi ng suppliesB. some hot waterC. some batteriesD. some flashlights2021 DDreams are expressi ons of thoughts, feeli ngs and events that pass through our mind while we are sleeping. Everybody dreams. But only some people remember their dr

14、eams. Our dreams often include all the sensessmells, sounds, sights, tastes and things we touch. We dream in colour. Sometimes we dream the same dream over and over aga in. These repeated dreams are ofte n un pleasa nt. They may eve n be ni ghtmares bad dreams that frighte n us.Early in the twen tie

15、th cen tury, two famous scie ntists developed their pers on al ideas about dreams. Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud published a book called The Interpretation 詮釋ofDreams"in 1900. Freud believed people often dream about things they want but can ' t have.These dreams often have something t

16、o do with sex and aggression 侵犯 . Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung worked closely with Freud for several years, but he believed dreams could help people grow and understand themselves. He believed dreams provide solutions解答to problems we face when we are awake. He didn ' t believe dreams hide our fe

17、elings about sex or aggression. Today we know more about the scie nee of dream ing because researchers can take pictures of people brains while they are sleep ing.Other researchers are study ing how dream ing helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions 感情 . Robert Stickgold is a profes

18、sor of psychiatry at Harvard University in Massachusetts. Doctor Stickgold says that whe n we dream, the brain is trying to make sense of the world. He does not agree with Sigmund Freud that dreaming is the way we express our hidde n feeli ngs and desires愿望.Scientists believe it is important to keep

19、 researching dreams. Doctor Stickgold says it has been more tha n one hun dred years since Sigm und Freud published his importa nt book about dream ing. Yet there is still no agreeme nt on exactly how the brain works whe n we are dream ing or why we dream.請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文容，選擇最正確答案，將其標(biāo)號(hào)在答題卡上涂黑。每題2分，共10分71. Drea

20、ms.A. are remembered by every oneB. express all that we think in our mindC. in clude few sen ses and things we touchD. are sometimes ni ghtmares that repeat and frighte n us72. A book on dream ing was published by.A. Sigmu nd FreudB. Robert StickgoldC. Carl Ju ngD. the writer73. In the passage, all

21、the psychiatrists.A. believe dreams can help people un dersta nd all the problems that they faceB. think dreams always hide some one' s feeli ngs about sex or aggressi onC. study dream and dream ing and have their own ideasD. have the same idea that people ofte n dream about the things they want

22、74. From the passage, we know that.A. Jung thought that dreams provide soluti ons to problems we face whe n we are sleep ingB. Freud developed the idea that dreams are expressions of people' s hidden feelingsC. scientists have known quite well why we dream because they can take pictures of ourbr

23、ainsD. other researchers have discovered how dream ing helps our bodies work with problemsand very sad emoti ons75. Which would be the best title標(biāo)題for the passage?A. The Expla nati ons of DreamsB. The Ways of DreamsC. The Solutions to DreamsD. The Mystery奧秘of Dreams and DreamingA2021 When we have sm

24、all cuts in the skin 皮膚,something strange may happen. The cuts are able to heal 痊愈themselves in a couple of days. How does this happen? Read on, and you will find out the secret.Every living thing on the earth is made up of cells細(xì)胞.Cells grow and make new cells.Most cells are very tiny and we can

25、9; t see them with our eyes. Different cells have different uses.Our skin cells are special ones. The cells on the sur face (外表)of our skin are old dead cells. New skin cells are right un der the surface. These are the liv ing skin cells. They do work for our bodies.They help protect our bodies and

26、heal cuts.Our bodies make skin cells all the time. As the old cells fall off, new cells grow in the same place. Each person makes about 18 kg of skin cells during his or her life. Surface skin cells fit together closely with no gaps betwee n them. When you cut or burn yourself, you can harm your ski

27、n cells. A small cut will not do much harm. Your skin will quickly heal itself by making new skin cells. How do skin cells. How do skin cells work? First, the cells nea r the cut get bigger and move into the gap; Next, these bigger cells meet in the middle. They form a new layer ( 層)of skin cells. F

28、in ally, new cells will grow un til the gap disappears completely .In this way, your skin can grow well itself.How amazing the tiny cells are! Next time you have a cut, don' t worry about it. Maybe in afew days, you will be surprised to find it healed.根據(jù)短文容選擇最正確答案。()46. The un derli ned word gap

29、s" “n the passage means“ hin ese.A. 突起B(yǎng).條紋C縫隙()47. From the passage, we know that cells.A. are large and we can see them with our bodiesB. can grow and make new cellsC. aren ' t in most living things()48. Skin cells heal cuts in three steps.is the right order.A_ u-C.()49. Which of the follo

30、wing is TRUEaccording to the passage?A. Each pers on can make 18 kg of skin cells every day.B. Different cells have different uses in our bodies. 來源:Z,xx,k.ComC. The skin cells have little work to do in the body.()50. The best title for this passage should be.A. HOW SKIN CELLS HEAL CUTSB. THE IMPORT

31、ANCE OF SKINC. HOW TO PROTECT OUR FINGERS2021 BWhat might the future be like? Here are some predict ions: things to come, thi ngs to go.The Spring Festival, the most importa nt Chin ese holiday whe n every one retur ns home, hascaused headaches for millions of Chinese. More than 2 billion people tra

32、vel at the same time, making getting travel tickets and the journey difficult. But in 28 years, Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all. China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway and a fast transportation network that will serve 90% of the population by 2021. And becaus

33、e most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other places to find a job, so it will no Ion ger be a problem.Newspaper will come to an end in 2043. In the future, digital 數(shù)字的newspapers will be sent to personal web tools through Internet. Readers can discuss topics with journalists an

34、d editors. In formatio n will move faster.Oil is running out faster tha n expected. But scie ntists have found someth ing else for oil as fuel 燃 料.Coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources of en ergy能源.Schools will go electronic電子化.Computers wi

35、ll be important and popular among the students. Everyth ing will be in the computer and stude nts will not n eed to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students 'rary, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teacher

36、s, they will check homework on computers and com mun icate with the stude nts' pare nts through . An dusesowlilbbe likespaceships, comfortable and safe.56. More tha n 2 billi on people have a hard time returni ng home duri ngA. Christmas DayB. Natio nal DayC. the Spring FestivalD. the Mid-autumn

37、 Festival57. The n ewspapers will disappear.A. in 28 years B. by 2021C. by 2053D. in 33 years58. is not men ti oned in the passage as sources of en ergy.A. CoalB. Wind C. Nuclear powerD. Water59. From the passage we can knowin the future.A. the Spring Festival travel may still be a problemB. 90% of

38、the population will live in the cityC. robot teachers will check homeworkD. readers can discuss topics with each other through Internet60. What ' s the main idea toile last paragraph?.A. Schools will go electro nicB. Computers will be importa ntC. There will be robot teachersD. School buses will

39、 be like spaceships2021 BEvery morning, the newspaper chief editor 主編holds a meeting with the reporters. They discuss the main even ts事件of the day. Reporters are the n sent to cover the even ts.s own library toAs soon as the reporters know what to write about, they get dow n to work. They teleph one

40、 people and fix a time for a face-to-face in terview with them. Sometimes they do teleph one in terviews. Check ing in formatio n is very importa nt. They go to the n ewspaper'look up any information that they need. This is called“ doing one ' s homeworkAt the same time, the picture editor d

41、ecides which photographs will be used for the next day ' s paper. All the people who work on a newspaper must be able to work fast. Reporters have to stop work ing on one story and start work ing at once on the importa nt new one. They must find out the new information as quickly as possible. La

42、ter in the day, everything is put together atthe news desk. Reporters return, type their stories into the computer and hand them to the editor.The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page. Sometimes this will have to be changed if something more important happens

43、 late in the day. Other editors read the stories which the reporters have writte n and make any n ecessary cha nges.Fin ally, there is no more time left for addi ng new stories, and the time for prin ti ngE卩屈 Uthe newspaper has come. This is done on fast-moving printing machines. The newspapers are

44、then delivered 發(fā)送by truck, plane or rail. Speed is important. People want to buy the latest newspaper; nobody wants to buy yest erday ' s.61. What is the work in a n ewspaper office like?A. In teresti ng and confusingB. Importa nt and patie nt.C. Particular and n ecessary.D. Fast and busy.62. Ac

45、cord ing to the passage, the right order for a reporter_s work is _a. writi ng storiesb. doing in terviewsc. jo ining in a discussi ond. doing homeworke. handing stories to the editorA.cbadeB. cdeabC. cbdaeD.cadbe63. The front page contents容are decided by.A. the importa nee of the eventsB. how well

46、the stories are writte nC. the kno wledge of the chief editorD. whether they are the latest64. Word editors ' work is to.A. help the chief editor with the morning discussi onB. decide whe n and how the papers can be prin tedC. read the stories and make n ecessary cha ngesD. get together in forma

47、tio n from reporters and photographers65. The best title for this passage isA. How a n ewspaper is producedC. What kind of papers readers likeB. How n ewspapers are deliveredD. Whose work is more importa nt 2021 BCats are the most popular pets among America ns. So it is not surpris ing that there ar

48、e a lot of expressi ons about cats. Some cats like to catch small birds, like can aries 金絲雀.If some one looks very proud and satisfied with himself, we say“ he looks like the cat that ate the can ary.Sometimes, a cat likes to play with a small ani mal it catches. So if you"“ play cat and mwith

49、some on e, it means that you cha nge betwee n differe nt kinds of behavior whe n deali ng with ano ther pers on. For example, a girl might offer somethi ng sweet to her little brother and the n take it away whe n he reaches for it.America ns might say that somethi ng is“ the cat dr s mtaevcat '

50、s pajU衣shto describe someth ing that is the best or fin est. “ /copycat"is some one who acts just likesome one else or copies ano ther pers on' s work. isa lot of mon ey.If you tell about someth ing that is supposed to be a secret, we say you"let the cat out of thebag" . If you ar

51、e not able to speak or an swer a questio n, some one might ask you ife cat has“ thgot your tongue舌頭"Have you ever watched childre n in a classroom whe n their teacher leaves for a few minu tes?“ When the cat ' s away, the mice wiplaiyneans people sometimes act badly when there is no supervi

52、sion 監(jiān)管.You may have heard the expressi on“ curiosity killedthThiatmea ns cari ng too muchabout things that are not your bus in ess might cause problems.If you have ever had cats as pets, you know it is difficult to train them or to get them to do someth ing. Cats are not like Sheep or cows that can

53、 be moved in a group. So we say a difficult or impossible job is like放牧巾喝8(“24. What can we lear n from the passage?A. The expressi on “ a fatisatsed to describe some one who is very fat.B. The expression “ play cat and"mouseally means“ play tricks on othersC. It is more difficult to keep sheep

54、 or cows tha n cats.D. There are more expressi ons about cats tha n those about dogs.25. In which of the follow ing situati ons do we most probably use the expressi on“ curiosity kthe cat f ?A. Some one always asked a lady her age or weight and it made her an gry.B. Some one promised to keep a secre

55、t but he failed to do so.C. Some one won the first prize in an En glish singing competiti on and he felt very excited.D. Some one tried to swim across the Yan gtze River with his n ewly broke n legs.26. Where can you most probably find the passage?A. In a scie ntific research paper about cats.B. On

56、a website telli ng people how to keep cats.C. In a magaz ine telli ng various jokes and funny stories.D. In a Ian guage book that teaches stude nts how to use America n sla ng.2021Every year there is a Spring Festival in China. Usually it is in January or February. It is the most importa nt festival

57、 in China. So before it comes , every one has to prepare thi ngs. They buy pork, beef, chicke n, fruits and many other thin gs. And they often make a special kind of fooddumplingf . It means “ come togetheOn the day before the festival , parentsbuy new clothes for their children. Children also buy p

58、resents for their parents. On the Spring Festival Eve除夕, all the family members come back to their hometown. This is a happy moment. Some sing and dance , some play cards and others get the dinner ready. When they enjoy the meal , they give each other the best wishes for the coming year. They all have a good time.26. Which is the most importa nt festival in China?A. The Mid-Autumn Festival.B.The Spring Festival.C. Ch