人教版unit5語法專題-被動語態(tài)

1、被動語態(tài)適用學科英語適用年級初三適用區(qū)域全國課時時長（分鐘）1課時/60分鐘知識點主動與被動語態(tài)教學目標知識：掌握主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別和做題方法方法：牢記主動語態(tài)變化成被動語態(tài)各自的結構，通過練習加強理解能力：提升主動句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動句的熟練度教學重點1、被動語態(tài)的常考5種句型教學難點1、理解并熟練應用被動和主動語態(tài)教學過程一、 課堂導入給出三組句子，讓學生自己先自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的差別1. Thomas Edison invented the light. The light was invented by Thomas Edison .2.Jim will ride the mo

2、torbike to his factory tomorrow The motorbike will be ridden to his factory tomorrow3.Tom must finish his homework before Friday. His homework must be finished by Tom before Friday. 二、復習預習教師聽過提問的方式復習上節(jié)課的知識點，即初中的?？嫉?種時態(tài)，并通過講解上節(jié)課的課后作業(yè)來鞏固加深學生對6種時態(tài)的認識，也為這堂課的學習起到一個預習的作用。三、知識講解知識點1：語態(tài)分類：英語動詞分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)

3、表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。 Tom(執(zhí)) cleans(謂動) the room(承) every day.(主動)The room(承) is cleaned(謂動) by Tom(執(zhí)) every day. (被動) 【考查點】被動語態(tài)結構：助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞done， 即be done ，常譯為“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動關系。 知識點2：什么情況用被動語態(tài)1.【考查點】動作的執(zhí)行者很明顯。這時往往不用by 短語。 Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons

4、. 文字處理技巧會在電腦課上教授2.【考查點】不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 Some new computers were stolen last night. 昨天晚上一些新的電腦被偷掉了。3.【考查】突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者。如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。知識點3：被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化：通過助動詞be的各種時態(tài)變化來體現(xiàn)，done不變。注意主語的單、復數(shù)變化?！究疾禳c】必須掌握的五種時態(tài)被動語態(tài) ：以do為例，掌握下列時態(tài)的被動結構，形式變化如下：1一般現(xiàn)在時：am / is / are +

5、done2一般過去時：was / were + done3一般將來時：shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done4現(xiàn)在完成時：have / has + been + done5情態(tài)動詞： can/may/must/should/have to be done1.2.【考查點】 以下時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)作一般了解：現(xiàn)在進行時：am / is / are + being + done 過去進行時：was / were + being + done過去完成時：had + been + done 過去將來時：should / would + be do

6、ne知識點4：主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法 My aunt invited me to her dinner party.執(zhí)行者 動詞 承受者 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.承受者 謂語 by+執(zhí)行者1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be + 過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by 短語可以省略。知識點5：語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時所注意的問題1.【考查點】把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，先找原主動句中的動賓短語，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一

7、致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. (正確)A new computer have been bought. (錯誤)2. 【考查點】含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可說：

8、 A present was given to me yesterday.3.【考查點】由動詞+ 介詞或副詞構成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有：動詞+介詞，如: laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on等。動詞+副詞，如: sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn on, wake up等。 The most

9、difficult problem was worked out by Tom. The song is often listened to by girls.4.【考查點】帶復合賓語(賓語+賓補)的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，把主動結構中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)The classroom is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean)(2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb

10、 not to do )We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do )5【考查點】在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都補上to。 We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.記住下列變化：see sb dobe seen to dohear sb do.be heard to dolis

11、ten to sb dobe listened to to domake sb dobe made to do6【考查點】主動表被動的詞有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等，它們經(jīng)常與well, badly, easily等副詞連用。 (1)The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。(2)The new computer sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。(3)The printer prints quickly. 這個打印機打印很快。 對比：The books sell well. (主動句) The books were

12、 sold out. (被動句)7【考查點】只有動賓結構才有被動語態(tài)。下列情況的主動句不能改為被動句： 第一，感官連系動詞無被動意義，如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smell等。 (1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.誤：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.誤：The food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.誤：The pop music is s

13、ounded beautiful.8【考查點】一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：happen,take place, break out, belong to, come out, come true等。如： The accident took place last night.誤：The accident was taken place last night.9【考查點】 在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結構來表示，例如：據(jù)說 It is said that 據(jù)報導 It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.眾所周

14、知 It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.四、例題精析【例題1】The children will sing an English song. (改為被動語態(tài))An English song _  _  _ by the children.【答案】will be sang【解析】本題考查主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?，將原句的主語變?yōu)橘e語，原句賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，同時注意是將來時?！纠}2】An accident _ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.

15、was happened C.is happened D.happened【答案】D【解析】本題考查被動語態(tài)，但是選項中happen 與take place 均不能用被動。【例題3】So far,the moon _ by man already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.has visited【答案】C【解析】本題考查被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)問題,月亮是被參觀，故排除D選項的主動形式，再根據(jù)句末的already,故要用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)?！纠}4】Who_ this fantastic novel?I dont know.

16、A. is written B .wrote C. writes D.was written【答案】B【解析】本題考查是否需要用被動的問題。題目問，誰寫了這部如此好的小說，可知要用主動，不用被動，所以A與D排除，而時態(tài)上要用過去時。五、課堂運用【基礎】1 A story _ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us【答案】B【解析】考查有雙賓語的動詞的被動語態(tài)。故事是昨天被講，同時又是講給我們的，所以用過去時的被動語態(tài)后，還要注意加介詞to 再加us2The monkey was see

17、n _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump【答案】D【解析】在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都補上to。3.These books _. So many people are interested in them A. are sold well B. sell well C. sell good D. sell badly【答案】C【解析】sell只能用主動表被動，該句又是一般現(xiàn)在時

18、，所以C正確。4 _ a new library _ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build【答案】B【解析】考查被動語態(tài)時態(tài)問題。由last year 可知要用過去時，同時橋是被建，只有B符合。【鞏固】5 A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives【答案】C【解析】考查被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)問題。由next week

19、 可知，要用將來時的被動。6.  The mobile phone has influenced people life a lot since it _.  A. invents      B. invented      C. is invented    

20、0; D. was invented  【答案】C【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：自從手機發(fā)明后，它在很大程度上影響了人們的生活。根據(jù)句意判斷用一般過去時，手機與動詞invent在邏輯上是被動關系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。7.On June 11th, 2013,Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts _ into space from the space center

21、60;in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.  A. sent up                B. are sent up      C. was sent up  D were sent up 【答案】C【解析】本題考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結構。由On June 11th, 2013可知該句為一般過去時，排除B項；主語Shenzhou-10與謂語動詞存在被動關系，故應用被動語態(tài)，故選C?！景胃摺? Excuse me. I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you