人教新目標(biāo)版八年級下冊Unit-1-教育機(jī)構(gòu)講義

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上人教版英語八年級下冊Unit 1 What's the matter?知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)及單元測試卷（附答案）【教材內(nèi)容解析】Section A1. Whats the matter? (P. 1)Whats the matter意為“怎么了？出什么事了？”，常用來詢問對方遇到什么麻煩或者有什么不順心的事，后接with sb./sth.表示“某人/某物怎么了”，相當(dāng)于Whats wrong with.或者Whats the trouble with.。-Whats the matter with my son, doctor?-Nothing serious, onl

2、y a slight cold.2. I have a stomachache. (P. 1)stomachache用作名詞，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一個(gè)復(fù)合名詞，含有后綴ache的常見復(fù)合詞還有：headache頭疼、toothache牙疼。Mary has a stomachache.3. lie down and rest. (P. 2)(1) lie down意為“躺下”，lie用作動(dòng)詞可以表示“趟”或者“位于”，還可以表示“撒謊”。She is lying in bed with a bad cold.Beijing lies in the north of China.It is a

3、 bad habit to lie.【拓展】lie及l(fā)ay一詞多義lie（躺、位于）lay（過去式）lain（過去分詞）-lying（現(xiàn)在分詞）lie（撒謊）lied（過去式）lied（過去分詞）-lying（現(xiàn)在分詞）lay（放置、下蛋）laid（過去式）laid（過去分詞）-laying（現(xiàn)在分詞）(2) rest此處用作動(dòng)詞，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名詞，表示“休息”，常用的短語為take/have a rest“休息”。Lets stop working and have a rest.4. take your temperature (P. 2)take ones tempe

4、rature意為“量體溫”。Please take your temperature first.5. Maybe you have a fever.(P. 2)maybe作副詞，表示“可能、也許”，常常放在句首，相當(dāng)于perhaps，可以與may be相互轉(zhuǎn)換。Maybe he is a foreigner.=He may be a foreigner.6. You need to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2)need作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不僅可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞原形；作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接名詞或者動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。

5、You neednt go to the meeting too early.We need three more workers.He doesnt need to worry too much.7. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. (P. 2)without用作介詞，表示“無、沒有”，后接名詞、代詞或者動(dòng)名詞，反義詞是with。They left without saying goodbye.8. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then

6、go to a doctor. (P. 2)本句是含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句，主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則，即若主句用一般將來時(shí)（或主句為祈使句、主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞），if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。If it rains tomorrow, I wont go to the park.9. .when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3)see sb. doing sth.看見某人正在做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)所看到的動(dòng)作正在

7、進(jìn)行。I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.see sb do sth 看到某人做了或經(jīng)常做某事。I often see her dance in the park.10. The bus driver.stopped the bus without thinking twice. (P. 3)think twice意為“再三考慮、權(quán)衡利弊”。You should think twice before you make the final decision.【拓展】think的相關(guān)短語think about 思考、考慮think of 想

8、起think over 仔細(xì)考慮11. He got off and asked the woman what happened. (P. 3)(1) get off意為“下車”，反義詞是get on“上車”。Before getting off the bus, you should take care.(2) happen表示“發(fā)生”的時(shí)候，作不及物動(dòng)詞，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：sth. happens to sb.“某人發(fā)生了某事”。An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital.12. Mr. Wang knew

9、 he had to act quickly. (P. 3)have to表示“必須、不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的必須，must側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必須。We have to walk home because the car has broken down.We must study hard. 13. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. (P. 3)(1) expect的常見用法： expect to do sth. 期待做某事The fans are expectin

10、g to see the football star. expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully.(2) wait的常見用法： wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”We are waiting for the result of the exam. wait to do sth.“等待做某事”All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus. cant wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”The

11、 children cant wait to rush out after the class is over.14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. (P. 3) agree with sb. 同意某人I cant agree with you more. agree to sth. 同意某事Do you agree to the plan? agree on sth. 在某事上達(dá)成一致意見They finally agreed on the design of the bridge. agree to do sth.

12、 同意做某事Her parents dont agree to marry their daughter to the man.15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. (P. 3)thanks to表示“多虧、由于”，后接名詞或者代詞，在句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于because of。Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here.16. “Its sad that many people don

13、t want to help others because they dont want any trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3)(1) 本句是“It is+形容詞+that從句”，句中的it作形式主語，代替真正的主語that從句。It is important that we should protect the environment.(2) other: 意為“別的、其它的”，常用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。the other: 表示“兩者中另一個(gè)”，是特指；the other之后也可以加復(fù)數(shù)名詞，特指“其它的”。another: 表示“三者中另一個(gè)”。oth

14、ers: 用作代詞，泛指“其他的人或物”是復(fù)數(shù)概念。the others: 特指在一個(gè)整體中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys.You should think of others.There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are

15、 boys.17. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3)hit表示“撞擊、打擊”，表示“打某人某個(gè)部位”時(shí)用“hit sb.+介詞（on, in）+the+身體部位”，若打的部位較硬用on，打的部位較軟用in。The man hit the little boy in the face.18. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away. (P. 3)right away意為“立刻、馬上”，相當(dāng)于at once或者r

16、ight now。As soon as he heard the news, he rushed out right away.Section B1. Someone felt sick. (P. 5)sick用作形容詞，意為“生病的、有病的”，可以作定語或者表語，而ill表示“生病的”，只能用作表語。I have to look after my sick grandpa.The old woman is seriously sick/ill.2. have problems breathing (P. 6)have problems (in) doing sth.意為“做某事有問題”，相當(dāng)

17、于have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.。She has problems (in) riding a bike.3. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. (P. 6)(1) as用作介詞，表示“作為、身為”。As a student, you should study hard.(2) 辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.與be used to do sth.be /get used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事His

18、 father is used to watching TV before going to bed.used to do sth.過去經(jīng)常做某事The boy used to play computer games.be used to do sth.被用來做某事More and more wood is used to make paper.(3) risk表示“冒險(xiǎn)時(shí)”，既可以作名詞，也可以作動(dòng)詞，作名詞常和動(dòng)詞take連用，take a risk“冒險(xiǎn)”；作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。The fireman took the risk of losing his life and sav

19、ed the boy from the burning building.=The fireman risked losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. (P. 6)because of意為“因?yàn)?，由于”，后跟名詞短語。在句中常和because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句連用，不過because后面跟句子。We cant go out because it rains h

20、eavily.=We cant go out because of the heavy rain.5. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. (P. 6)(1) run out意為“用盡、用完”，后接賓語時(shí)，需要加上介詞of。They ran out of their money.(2) 動(dòng)詞不定式短語to save his own life在句子作目的狀語。動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成的目的狀語可位于句首，用逗號與主句隔開，也可以位于謂語動(dòng)詞之后。To lea

21、rn Japanese, she went to Japan.You should work hard to get good grades.6. He was not ready to die that day. (P. 6) be/get ready for sth.“為做準(zhǔn)備”The students are reviewing lessons to get ready for the coming final exams. be/get ready to do sth.“準(zhǔn)備做某事、樂意做某事”The kind girl is ready to help anyone in troub

22、le.7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. (P. 6)(1) so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，用以說明主句動(dòng)作的目的，可以與in order that互換，從句經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示“能夠的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”，如can, could, may, might, will, would等。We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could fin

23、d a good job in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time. (2) too much用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞或者動(dòng)詞，much too用來修飾形容詞或者副詞。There is too much pollution today.The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat.8. After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard

24、 Place. (P. 6)called此處為動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，意為“被稱為、被叫作”，與named同義。This is a book named/called Journey to the West.The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.9. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. (P. 6)seem用作系動(dòng)詞，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：seem+adj./to be/that+句子。The story seem

25、s true.What he said seemed to be a lie.It seems that they are going to pull down the house.10. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of ones life. (P. 6)(1) make a decision或者make decisions表示“做出決定”。They expected you to make a decision.(2) in cont

26、rol of意為“控制、管理”。Who is in control of the project?11. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. (P. 6)(1) 在由so.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “.so + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句”。He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that

27、 it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.【拓展】在由suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He m

28、ade such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that

29、nobody wants to miss it. 如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用so, 不用such。Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.(2) keep on doing sth.意為“繼續(xù)做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)繼續(xù)或者重復(fù)做某事。You shouldnt keep on thinking about it.12. Aron loves mo

30、untain climbing and doesnt mind taking risks. (P. 7) mind doing sth. 介意做某事Would you mind opening the window please? mind sbs/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事Do you mind my/me calling you at night?13. Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. (P. 7)give up表示“放棄”，后接名詞、代詞或者動(dòng)名詞

31、作賓語。Don't give up your dream easily.He has given up playing computer games.【重點(diǎn)短語和句型歸納】重點(diǎn)短語1. have a fever / cough / cold 發(fā)燒 /咳嗽 /受涼；感冒2. have a toothache / stomachache 牙疼/胃疼3. have a sore back / throat 背疼 /喉嚨痛4. talk too much 說得太多5. drink enough water 喝足夠的水6. take risks (take a risk) 冒險(xiǎn)7. in a d

32、ifficult situation 在困境中8. give up 放棄9. make a decision 做出決定10. lie down and rest 躺下來休息11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶12. see a dentist 看牙醫(yī)13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片14. take ones temperature 量體溫15. put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷藥16. feel very hot 感到很熱17. sound like 聽起來像18. all weekend 整個(gè)周末19. in the same w

33、ay 以同樣的方式20. go to a doctor 看醫(yī)生21. go along 沿著走22. on the side of the road 在馬路邊23. shout for help 大聲呼救24. without thinking twice 沒有多想25. get off 下車26. have a heart problem 有心臟病27. to one s surprise 使驚訝的；出乎意料28. thanks to 多虧了；由于29. in time 及時(shí)30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻煩（或煩惱）32. right

34、 away 立刻；馬上33. because of 由于34. get out of 離開；從出來35. hurt oneself 受傷36. put a bandage on sth. 用繃帶包扎37. fall down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到惡心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割傷他的膝蓋41. put her head back 把她的頭向后仰42. have problems breathing 呼吸困難43. mountain climbing 登山運(yùn)動(dòng)44. be used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣做某事45

35、. run out (of) 用完；耗盡46. so that 以便47. so that 如此以至于48. be in control of 掌管；管理49. keep on doing sth. 繼續(xù)或堅(jiān)持做某事重點(diǎn)句型1. 需要去做某事 need to do sth.2. 看見某人正在做某事see sb. doing sth.3. 詢問某人某事 ask sb. sth.4. 期望某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth.5. 同意做某事 agree to do. sth.6. 幫助某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth.7. 想要做某事 want to do s

36、th.8. 告訴某人去做某事 tell sb. to do sth.9. 做某事有困難 have problems (in) doing sth.10.習(xí)慣于做某事 be/get used to doing sth.11. 用某物去做某事 use sth. to do sth.12. 好像做某事 seem to do sth.13. 繼續(xù)做某事 keep on doing sth.14. 介意做某事 mind doing sth.【語法講解】（1） have表示“患病、遭受（病痛）”(1)詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時(shí)，常用以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)：Whats the matter (wit

37、h sb)?（某人）怎么了？Whats wrong (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？Whats the trouble (with sb)?（某人）出什么事了？What happened (to sb)?（某人）發(fā)生了什么事？Are you OK?你沒事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事嗎？(2)要表達(dá)身體疼痛或不舒服，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：某人+have/has+病癥The twins have colds雙胞胎感冒了。Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.Sh

38、e had a stomachache last night她昨晚肚子痛。某人+have/has+a+sore+發(fā)病部位 He has a sore throat他喉嚨痛。某人+hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞 He hurt his leg.他的腿受傷了。某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly我頭痛得厲害。某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身體部位， I have a pain in my chest我胸口痛。(There is)something wrong with ones+身體部位There is something wrong with

39、 my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。（2） should和shouldn't表示建議1 Should為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng)”，否定式為shouldnt，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用來表示征詢意見、建議、勸告、要求或義務(wù)等。 You should drink hot water with honey你應(yīng)該喝加有蜂蜜的開水。 He should put his head back他應(yīng)該把頭后仰。We should try our best to help him.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力去幫助他。 You shouldnt watch TV.你不應(yīng)該看電視。2 Should用

40、于主語為第一人稱的疑問句，表示征詢意見。 Should I put some medicine on it?我應(yīng)當(dāng)給它敷上藥嗎？ Should we tell her about it?我們應(yīng)該告訴她這件事嗎？【拓展】在英語中，表示建議的說法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重點(diǎn)。主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：Would you like (to do) sth？你想要愿意（做）某事嗎？Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打籃球嗎？Shall I/we do sth ?我我們做好嗎？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我們?nèi)?dòng)

41、物園，好嗎？Why not do sth ?為什么不呢？Why not join us?為什么不加入到我們當(dāng)中來呢？How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么樣？ How about going swimming?去游泳怎么樣？Lets do sth讓我們做吧。Lets go home咱們回家吧。Youd better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。Youd better not go there alone你最好不要獨(dú)自去那兒。（3） 反身代詞1反身代詞可以用作一些動(dòng)詞(短語)或介詞的賓語，此時(shí)，句子的主語和賓語必須同一個(gè)人或物。We must look

42、after ourselves and keep fit我們必須照顧好自己，保持身體健康。She often buys herself nice clothes她經(jīng)常為自己買漂亮的衣服。Dont think too much of yourself!別過多地為自己考慮!2反身代詞在句中還可以用作主語或賓語的同位語，用來加強(qiáng)語氣，表示“親自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作主語。如：I dont need any helpI can do it myself我不需要幫助，我自己能做。(主語的同位語)這句話不可表示成I dont need any help，myself can do

43、 itIf you want to know more，you may ask Miss White herself如果你想了解更多情況，你可以問一問懷特小姐本人。(賓語的同位語)3反身代詞在句中還可以用作連系動(dòng)詞的表語。如：The little boy in the photo was himself照片中的那個(gè)小男孩就是他自己。反身代詞構(gòu)成的固定表達(dá)：by oneself意為“獨(dú)自，憑自己”，相當(dāng)于alone； enjoy oneself意為“玩得高興，過得愉快”，相當(dāng)于have fun或have a good time；help oneself to意為“隨便吃或喝點(diǎn)，隨便用"

44、；keepto oneself意為“不將某事說出去”；say to oneself意為“自言自語”?！締卧獪y試卷】.單項(xiàng)填空21. Theres rain on the road, so she should drive carefully.A.too muchB.too manyC.much tooD.many too22.My father likes tea nothing in it.A.ofB.withoutC.withD.have23.You should look after ,classmates.A.yourselvesB.yourself C.herselfD.himsel

45、f24.You shouldnt make mistakes .A.in same wayB.at same wayC.in the same wayD.at the same way25.I saw him when I passed by.A.ranB.runC.runsD.running26.We should be careful when we the bus.A.get downB.get outC.get upD.get off27.Did you catch your plane?Yes. We got there just .A.on timeB.at timesC.in t

46、imeD.in the time28.He often thinks things before he makes a decision.A.aboutB.ofC.outD.over29. It is unhealthy for you _ so late every night.A. sleepB. sleepingC. sleptD. to sleep30 What did you buy?I bought _ medicine for my mother. A. fewB. littleC. someD. many 31. Smoking is bad for your health.

47、You should .A.give up itB.give up them C.give it up D.give them up32.I dont know if he tomorrow. If he , please let me know.A.will come;comesB.will come;will comeC.comes;comesD.comes;will come33. I think I should keep on the guitar at home.A.playB.to playC.playedD.playing34.The cat is .You should ta

48、ke it to an animal hospital.A.deadB.deathC.dyingD.died35.The book is for us to read.A.good enoughB.enough goodC.too goodD.good too.完形填空（10分)Stuart and Steve were twin brothers. Stuart loved to play basketball. But Steve loved to read books. One day Stuart was playing basketball 36 he fell and broke

49、his leg. When they took him to the hospital, the doctor said he wouldnt be able to play for six months. Steve went 37 him and brought him books on basketball. At first Stuart wasnt going to read them. Then he began to read them and 38 that there were ways he could play basketball better. He began to

50、 think that books werent 39 .When Stuarts leg started getting better, Steve would help him by going for walks with him. 40 Stuarts doctor said he could start playing basketball again. Then Stuart showed Steve how to toss(投) for baskets. Steve found that he enjoyed it.Then Stuart was ready to 41 the

51、basketball games. Steve went to watch the games and enjoyed himself. They then 42 practiced basketball and read books together.So you can see, when 43 happens, something good may also happen. Steve showed Stuart about books and Stuart showed Steve about basketball. So you can also 44 showing others

52、something that you like to do and they can show you something that they like to do. 45 you can find new things to do.36.A.untilB.whenC.afterD.where37.A.on seeingB.to callC.to visitD.to look38.A.sawB.lookedC.readD.found39.A.goodB.badC.betterD.worse40.A.ButB.HoweverC.FinallyD.So41.A.take partB.winC.lo

53、seD.join in42.A.alwaysB.neverC.seldomD.much43.A.anything goodB.something niceC.something badD.anything wrong44.A.tryB.practiceC.enjoyD.like45.A.On the wayB.By the wayC.In a wayD.In this way.閱讀理解（10分）Mr.Jenkins liked all kinds of delicious food. As an important officer, he was often asked to dinner.

54、The shopkeepers tried their best to fawn on（巴結(jié)）him. They knew it was good for their business. Now the officer got fatter and fatter. He could hardly go upstairs at home and had to sleep downstairs. He often felt tired if he walked or did some housework. He was worried about it and had to go to a doc

55、tor.“Stop eating much fat（脂肪） and sugar, Mr. Jenkins,” said the doctor.“Or it will be worse for your health!”It was difficult for the officer to do it. He wouldnt do as the doctor said. He found something was wrong with his heart a few months later. Now he thought the doctor was right. And he had to be in hospital.“You must lose weight（減肥）,sir,”said the doctor,“unless you want to die soon!” “Could