高考完型填空解題方法與技巧初探（課堂PPT）

1、12018屆高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)屆高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)高考完型填空解題方法初探紅安一中 周智2大綱 一、近五年高考真題的簡單回顧（綜述） 二、考題分析（考什么？） 三、解題方法探究（怎么辦？）三、解題方法探究（怎么辦？） 四、備考建議3一、近五年高考真題的回顧（綜述） 1、2017年 故事類 學(xué)習(xí)手語 2、2016年 故事類 道路救援 3、2015年 故事類 助人為樂 4、2014年 生活哲理類 喜新厭舊，周而復(fù)始 （夾敘夾議） 5、2013年 故事類 體驗(yàn)輪椅上的生活 4二、考題分析（考什么？） 著重考查考生對(duì)語義、語境、語篇的深層次理著重考查考生對(duì)語義、語境、語篇的深層次理解解與判斷與判斷，并在掌握文章主

2、旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上，正確，并在掌握文章主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上，正確理解句與句、段與段之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。理解句與句、段與段之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。 具體具體考查考生是否能準(zhǔn)確判斷和選擇符合特定考查考生是否能準(zhǔn)確判斷和選擇符合特定上下文上下文語境語境的的動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞或其他詞動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞或其他詞。動(dòng)詞的考查依然是首位的（動(dòng)詞的考查依然是首位的（17年年多達(dá)多達(dá)11處）處），同時(shí)，同時(shí)關(guān)注了名詞（關(guān)注了名詞（5處）處）、形容詞（、形容詞（3處）處）與副詞（與副詞（1處）。處）。 5三、解題方法探究（怎么辦？） （一）解題方法與技巧 1、步驟 第一步：跳讀全文。第一步：跳讀全文。帶著空格通讀全文，了

3、解短文大意，判別短文文體，同時(shí)能將會(huì)做的題及時(shí)解決掉。 第二步：初選答案。第二步：初選答案。對(duì)每一道題進(jìn)行認(rèn)真分析，找到答案，遵循先易后難的解題原則。6 第三步：推敲解難。第三步：推敲解難。把其中一些需要依據(jù)上下文語境來考慮的比較難解答的題，以及句子之間和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)較強(qiáng)的題，通過對(duì)篇章作通盤考慮，認(rèn)真推敲，甄別，篩選和抉擇。 第四步：復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。第四步：復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。解完題之后務(wù)必再把文章通讀一遍，從整體上準(zhǔn)確把握文章的真正意思，及時(shí)修改與全文有出入的一些選項(xiàng)。72、方法與技巧 以近五年高考題為例 例1、 (2017全國卷一)While high school does not genera

4、lly encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. 52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain8 （1）復(fù)現(xiàn)法 復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上、下文不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行

5、重復(fù)描述。 復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。9 例1、 (2017全國卷一)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. 52. A. exercise B

6、. explore C. express D. explain 解析：首段首句出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞explore，根據(jù)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)不難選出B選項(xiàng)explore。B10 例2、and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手語). What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50(past) . 42. A. progress B. experi

7、ence C. major D. opinion 解析：后文（第三段）出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞had experienced，根據(jù)原詞、同義復(fù)現(xiàn)不難選出B選項(xiàng)experience，另第43題的解題原理如上。B11例3、Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60_ way of communication it opens.45. A. love B. concern C. goal D. request 例4、I decided to drop in on on

8、e of ASL clubs meetings.I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could.55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize解析：以上兩題，根據(jù)近義復(fù)現(xiàn)不難選出正確選項(xiàng)，另第60題解題原理如上。 AC12例5、I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44 langua

9、ge were enough in all my interactions(交往).Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL.44. A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken解析：本段第一句中出現(xiàn)了“neversign language”的表述，結(jié)合句意表達(dá)需要，根據(jù)反義復(fù)現(xiàn)可輕松選出D項(xiàng)spoken。D13（2）邏輯關(guān)系解題法 例6、 I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my

10、 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手語). 41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal14 （2）邏輯關(guān)系解題法 從邏輯意義上來看，篇章的句內(nèi)、句間、段間邏輯關(guān)系可分為平列、順序、層遞、轉(zhuǎn)折、總分、解釋、因果等，但有時(shí)也可以包含一種以上的邏輯關(guān)系，常通過邏輯詞進(jìn)行連接。15 表并列：and，but，or，so，while等 表列舉：first，second, for example, such as；on one hand, o

11、n the other hand；for one thing，for another等 表遞進(jìn):furthermore, moreover, whats more, besides, in addition等 表示讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:though, although, however，nevertheless，still，yet，in spite of等 表示因果關(guān)系：because，since，as；so，therefore，thus，accordingly，consequently，as a result等； 表示對(duì)照關(guān)系：on the contrary，by contrast，in comp

12、arison，by comparison等； 表示條件：if，suppose (that)，supposing (that)，unless，in case，so (as) long as，so far as16 例6、 I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手語). 41. A. searching B. planning C. nat

13、ural D. formal 解析：邏輯詞and作并列連詞時(shí)表并列或順承關(guān)系，根據(jù)其后的found不難選出A項(xiàng)。A17 例7、 I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less. 58.A.Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However 解析：結(jié)合本段主旨，第58題所在的虛擬條件句是對(duì)其上一句進(jìn)行反向證明，故選C項(xiàng)。C18 （3）上義詞、下義詞法 上義詞(superordin

14、ate)是某一類事物的總稱,對(duì)事物的概括性、抽象性說明； 下義詞（ hyponymy ）是在總稱下某一具體的事物或事物的具體表現(xiàn)形式或更為具體的說明。applepearorangebananasugar orangenavel orangesweet orangeFruit19 例8、（2016）Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They

15、 let him and the other man go.57. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver解析：fire and emergency people作為police的上義詞，不難選出或確定本題答案為B選項(xiàng)。 B20 例9、 I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. 47. A. recorded B. perform

16、ed C. recited D. discussed 解析：第47小題可結(jié)合后文中的下義詞hand movements和sign得出performed(表演；執(zhí)行）即B項(xiàng)。B21（4）篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析法 常見英文篇章、段落結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)： 1、金字塔式。金字塔式。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中, 主旨段（主旨句）置于文（段）首,啟領(lǐng)下文。（總總分分） 2、倒金字塔式倒金字塔式。主旨段（主旨句）在結(jié)尾處, 全文（段）的收束。（分分總總） 3、鉆石式。鉆石式。信息含量較大,篇幅較長的文章,為使讀者對(duì)文中主旨段增強(qiáng)印象,往往開頭有領(lǐng)句, 文章的末尾有結(jié)句 。（總總分分總總） 4、啞鈴式啞鈴式。描寫情景,敘述事故,或進(jìn)行爭辯時(shí),作

17、者先寫支撐觀點(diǎn)的句子,后加以總結(jié),概括出主題段（主旨句）,隨后再就這一主題進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展討論。（分分總總分分）22 文章的段落大都由三個(gè)主要部分構(gòu)成： 1)主題句闡述段落的中心思想; 2)論證句列舉原因、范例、事實(shí)或引語來闡明中心思想; 3)結(jié)論句表示段落結(jié)束，總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容。23 例10、 (2017全國卷一)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went

18、through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手語). 2017全國卷一完型填空文章即為“總分”結(jié)構(gòu)文章，該文首段為主旨段落。24 例11、 （2016全國卷一）One thing is 59 Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! H

19、is 60 most likely saved the womans life. 60. A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promise 2016全國卷一完型填空文章即為“分總”結(jié)構(gòu)文章，該文末段為主旨段落。 解析：綜合全文，從“發(fā)現(xiàn)車禍滅火報(bào)警安撫離開總結(jié)段”的發(fā)展過程不難看出是他的“努力”救了別人，故選C項(xiàng)。25 （5）背景常識(shí)解題 有時(shí)文章中提供的信息還不夠，還有時(shí)對(duì)語言的把握不很準(zhǔn)確時(shí)，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常識(shí)，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，最后選出符合題目的最佳答案。 26 例12、(2016全國卷一)Larry works with Tra

20、nsport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along I65 north after delivering to one of his 42 . 42. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers 解析：42題根據(jù)其前一句“在運(yùn)輸公司工作”，結(jié)合常識(shí)不難判斷“他是給一名顧客運(yùn)送完東西后回程”，故選D項(xiàng)。D27 例13、Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher (滅火器). Two g

21、ood bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. 47. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled解析：滅火器是怎樣的形狀？使用的時(shí)候是背著？還是抱著？根據(jù)常識(shí)當(dāng)然是選A. got hold of（掌握；抓住；得到）。28例13、Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 experience. I had never considered before how 40 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 . Then I wondered where to put my 43 . It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into 44 . I took my first uneasy look at what was to