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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上同位語從句 辨認(rèn)同位語從句 在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進(jìn)行解釋或說明,這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它解釋的詞的格要一致,并常常緊挨在一起。 1. 名詞作同位語 Mr. Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生,我孩子的老師,星期二要
2、來看我們。 2. 短語作同位語 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我,作為家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引語作同位語 But now the question
3、 comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題:“多利早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿幔?. 句子作同位語 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships
4、;can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖,讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。 同位語從句用法 一、同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。 I heard the news that our team had won我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。 可以跟同位語從句的抽象名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,do
5、ubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。(承諾信息主意是事實(shí);疑問想法與問題;希望消息建議是潛力。) Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 我從王先生那里來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。
6、60; suggestion,advice,request,order,demand, wish等意為“建議;命令;要求”的名詞后,同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),句中的should可以省略。 Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.There was a suggestion
7、that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊。 同位語從句前名詞的數(shù):同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式,并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪兒聽說我不能來? 二、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的
8、詞通有連詞that,whether,連接代詞what,who。連接副詞how, when, where等。(注:if, which 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。) 1. 連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句(注:引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略) The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你
9、認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。(作idea的同位語) 【注意】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略,但在非正式文體中也可以省去。 He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。 2. 連詞wh
10、ether引導(dǎo)同位語從句(注:if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句) 3. The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。 4. He must answer the question whether he
11、60;agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。 5. 其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句 A、連接代詞what, who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)同位語從句 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。(what作定語) 2).The question
12、160;who will take his place is still not clear.(who作主語) B、連接副詞when, where, how, why 引導(dǎo)同位語從句 We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our
13、summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假,這個問題我們還沒有決定。 l have no idea When he will be back我不知道他什么時候回來。 My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 三、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在
14、說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。 6. The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。 7. several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming
15、60;to inspect them.幾年以后,有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視察他們。 8. 定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別 1.意義的不同 同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的,它與被修飾詞語通常可以劃等號;而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的,是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別We are glad at the news that he will come. 聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。We are g
16、lad at the news that he told us. 聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。2.被修飾詞語的區(qū)別 A定語從句的先行詞是名詞或代詞;而同位語從句的先行詞只能是名詞,而且僅限于idea,plan,fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question,belief,conclusion,situation thought, evidence, belief,
17、160; fear, , theory, order,ability。等少數(shù)名詞。 The boy who is playing football is my classmate ( )語從句 Those who work hard will succeed ( )語從句The
18、160;fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody( ) 語從句 The fact that you are talking about is important ( )語從句 Bwhen,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞一定分別是表示時間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞,而三者引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的先行詞則肯定不是表
19、示時間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞。 例如: I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing I have no idea when she will be back 3.引導(dǎo)詞的不同
20、 定語從句和同位語從句共同的引導(dǎo)詞有四個:that,when,where,why。下面把四個引導(dǎo)詞分成兩類說明它們在兩種從句中的不同用法。 A引導(dǎo)詞that 引導(dǎo)定語從句的that叫做關(guān)系代詞,它除了起連接作用,還在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定成分,并且在意義上代表先行詞;引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that叫做從屬連詞,它只起連接作用。不能省略。 例如: The news that you told
21、0;me yesterday was really exciting We heard the news that our team had won that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時,它不充當(dāng)句子成分,而引導(dǎo)定語從句時,它作為關(guān)系代詞,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。 B引導(dǎo)詞when,where,why 引導(dǎo)定語從句時,它們叫做關(guān)系副詞,在從句
22、中充當(dāng)狀語,可以轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞關(guān)系代詞"的形式;引導(dǎo)同位語從句時,它們叫做連接副詞,在從句中充當(dāng)狀語,但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞關(guān)系代詞"的形式。 例如: I will never forget the day when I joined the army We have no idea when she
23、 was born This is the house where I lived two years ago He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held This is th
24、e reason why she will not attend the meeting The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent 1. Our team has won the game, _ made us very happy.2. The news _ our team has won the game was true. 3.The new
25、s _ he told me yesterday was true.4. His suggestion _the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it5. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./6. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A. if B. that C. whether D. whi
26、ch7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.A. when B. which C. what D. that8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. which B. whether C. that D. what(2)代詞it可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個it常放在某些動詞或短語動詞后作賓語,同時兼作其后that同位語從句的先行詞。 1. I owe it to
27、you that I am still alive. 幸虧你,我現(xiàn)在還活著。 2. 有的語法學(xué)家把先行詞it后的that從句看作是動詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認(rèn)為,這種it后的that 從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語,因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于“主語+be+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)。 9. You must see to it that the children don't c
28、atch cold. (=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.)你要當(dāng)心,別讓孩子們著涼了。 5、短語及固定句式后的同位語從句 I will come on condition that John is invited.如果
29、約翰也被邀請的話,我就來。 On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+no doubt(hope,
30、0;chance, possibility,)后的that從句為同位語從句。10. 同位語從句-相關(guān)語法 1、同位語從句在句中的位置 (1.)一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。 Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont
31、0;be able to see you this afternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個消息,他說他今天下午不能來看你了。 2.)有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后,而被別的詞語隔開,在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open
32、 when she left home.她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關(guān)上。 How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣,對這個問題騙子是怎樣解釋的?
33、;CDCDB練習(xí)題 1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard. A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact 2. "Is Mary
34、from New York City " "I don't know _." A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she come C. what city does she come
35、from D. what city she comes from 3. _ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever 4. The reason why I didn't go to
36、Shanghai was _ a new job. A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got 5. It worried her a bit
37、;_ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why _. A. did he do that B. he did
38、60;that C. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _. A. how he is getting along B. how is he ge
39、tting along C. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along 8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A.
40、;however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 9. He asked me _ with me. A. what is the trouble B. what wrong was C. what was the matter D. what troubl
41、e it is 10. I am sure _ he said is true. A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what 11. When and why he came here _ yet. A. is
42、not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee 12.I wonder how much _. A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost C. the wat
43、ch costed D. the watch costs 13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her. A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for 14._
44、 is no reason for dismissing her. A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes late C. The fact that she was a few minutes
45、60;late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer. A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all
46、things be done C. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done 16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant
47、0;had been carelessA. for B. because C. since D. that 17. I don't doubt _ he'll come. A. that B. if C. what D. whether 18."Why did you go to
48、160;the wrong class, Mr. Wang " "Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to." A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. wh
49、at room was it 19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation. A. that B. which C. what D. of which 20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woma
50、n, yet she's now buying a big house. Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved _. A. what little she earns B. how little she earns C. for little she e
51、arns D. with little she earns 21._ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well. A. That.what B. What.that C. That.whic
52、h D. What.which 22. We gave him _ help we could. A. which B. what C. that D. this 23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you
53、have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B.
54、 when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place 25. Do you happen to
55、;know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wears C. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his 26. This
56、0;book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. how what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how
57、that you have observed 27. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. he's gone D. was he63._the house will be
58、160;built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting. A. If B. Where C. That D. What 64._he won't go there is clear to all of us. A. How B. Wha
59、t C. Why D. This 65._you come or not is up to you. A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether 66._makes mistakes must correct them. A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoe
60、ver D. Anybody 67._team will win the match is a matter of public concern. A. Which B. That C. If D. How 68.Three days later, word came _our country had
61、0;sent up another man-made satellite. A. which B. when C. that D. where 69.The problem is _will go to the meeting. A. why B. when C. what D. who 70.It
62、;looks _ it were going to rain. A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like 71.That is _ he likes the place so much. A. that B. what C. why
63、160;D. how 72.That is _ Lu Xun once lived. A. what B. where C. that D. why 73.We thought _ strange that Tom did not come yesterday. A. that B. it
64、;C. this D. what 74.The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us. A. which B. what C. that D. how 75.What I'm considering now _ the mo
65、ney we need. A. is B. are C. were D. was 76.Can you tell me _ A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman
66、0;is D. whom is that gentleman 77._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 78. It is well
67、known _ a person eats causes changes in the body. A. that what B. that C. what D. how 79. The energy is _ makes the cells able to&
68、#160;do their work. A. that B. which C. what D. such 80. Jack was soon told _ he did was not necessary. A. why B. that C. how D. why
69、;what 81. We should think carefully about _ Mr. Needham said at the meeting. A. that B. what C. which D. X 82. Can you point out _ two radios are
70、;the best A. which B. what C. that D. whether 83. You will easily know _ video recorders (錄相機(jī)) are the same. A. what those B. that of those
71、60;C. that all of D. which of those 84. _ you have seen things like these before doesn't matter. A. If B. Whether C. What D. When 85. I asked
72、0;her in English _ she was, and she told me _ she was an actress. A. whothat B. whoX C. whatX D. howthat 86. She took it for granted _ I'd
73、160;be back home an hour ago. A. that B. whether C. if D. when 87. We think it possible _ the local government will be able to solve the housing probl
74、em. A. for B. that C. when D. how 88. Now there is a danger _ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic. A. whether B. if C. X D.&
75、#160;that 89. At that time I had no idea _ I could hand it to him without being seen. A. if B. how C. which D. that how 90. Last Sunday he p
76、romised _ today, but he hasn't appeared yet. A. that he would come B. that he will come C. he will come to see me D. whether he would come 91.
77、0;Last Sunday he made a promise _ he was free he would take me to Qingdao. A. if B. that C. that if D. whether 92. Do you have any idea _
78、160;A. when Miss Smith will arrive B. when will Miss Smith arrive C. how will Miss Smith arrive D. why hasn't Miss Smith arrived 93. I have almost
79、60;forgotten _. A. how Mr. Taylor's like B. what Mr. Taylor's face is like C. what Mr. Taylor's face is D. which Mr. Taylor's face is like 94. The true value of life is not in _, but _. A. how you get that you give B. which you got what you give C. what you get
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