同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1、多利早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿?Dicshe die young because she was a clone?你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。（作idea的同位語(yǔ)）同位語(yǔ)從句辨認(rèn)同位語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。一個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行解釋或說(shuō)明，這個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與被它解釋的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。1 .名詞作同位語(yǔ)Mr. Wang, my child 'teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來(lái)看我們。2 .短語(yǔ)作同位

2、語(yǔ)1, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children, 作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3 .直接引語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)But now the question comes to their minds, 但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問(wèn)題：4 .句子作同位語(yǔ)The girls were surprised at thefact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開(kāi)到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。同位語(yǔ)從句用法一、同位語(yǔ)從句一般

3、跟在某些名詞后面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。I heard thenews that our team had won 我聽(tīng)至U了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息?？梢愿徽Z(yǔ)從句的抽象名詞通常有news, idea, fact, promise,question, doubt, thought, hope, message suggestion, words （消息）， possibility 等。（承諾信息主意是事實(shí)；疑問(wèn)想法與問(wèn)題；希望消息建議是潛力。）I ' veome from Mr. Wang with a message that hwon' be able to see y

4、ou this afternoon 我從王先生那里來(lái)，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。©suggestion, advice, request order, demand, wish等意為 建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用“should動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer. There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一項(xiàng)建議

5、是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。同位語(yǔ)從句前名詞的數(shù)：同位語(yǔ)從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且 往往帶有限定詞（word除外）加以修飾。Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪兒聽(tīng)說(shuō)我不能來(lái)？ 二、英語(yǔ)中引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞通有連詞that, whether連接彳七同what,who。連接副詞how, when, where等。（注：if, which不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。） 1.連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinki

6、ng is quite wrong.【注意】引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。2 .連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）3 . The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor .我們是否請(qǐng)專家由家庭醫(yī)生

7、來(lái)定。4 . He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。5 .其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句A、連接代詞 what, who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句1） .I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號(hào)的鞋。（what作定語(yǔ)）2） .The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who 作主語(yǔ)）B、連接副詞 when, where, how, why引

8、導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句We haven' yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒(méi)有決定。l have no idea When he will be back我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.三、有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開(kāi)。在語(yǔ)法上叫做分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。6. The thought came to hi

9、m that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。7. several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 幾年以后，有消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)拿破侖要親自視察他們。8. 定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1 .意義的不同同位語(yǔ)從句是用于說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語(yǔ)通常可以劃等 號(hào)；而定語(yǔ)從句是限制所修飾名詞的，是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別 We are glad at the news that he will come聽(tīng)

10、到他要來(lái)這個(gè)消息我們很高興。 We are glad at the news that he told us.聽(tīng)到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。 2.被修飾詞語(yǔ)的區(qū)別A.定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是名詞或代詞；而同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只能是名詞，而且僅限于 idea, plan, fact, theory, promise, hope, news, doubt, truth , information , suggestion, question , belief , conclusion , situation thought, evidence, belief, fear, , theory, ord

11、er,ability 等少數(shù)名詞。 The boy who is playing football is my classmate. ()語(yǔ)從句Those who work hard will succeed.( ) 語(yǔ)從句The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody () 語(yǔ)從句The fact that you are talking about is important( ) 語(yǔ)從句B. when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞一定分別是表示時(shí)間、 地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞，而三者引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞則肯定

12、不是表示 時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞。 例如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing . I have no idea when she will be back.3.引導(dǎo)詞的不同定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句共同的引導(dǎo)詞有四個(gè)：that, when, where, why。 下面把四個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞分成兩類說(shuō)明它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的不同用法。A.引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that叫做關(guān)系代詞，它除了起連接作用，還在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定 成分，并且在意義上代表先行詞；引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的 that叫做從屬連詞，它只起連 接作用。不能省略。例如： The

13、news that you told me yesterday was really exciting We heard the news that our team had wq nthat引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它 作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)。B.引導(dǎo)詞 when, where, why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它們叫做關(guān)系副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換 成"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的形式；引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它們叫做連接副詞， 在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的形式。例如： I will

14、 never forget the day when I joined the army. We have no ideawhen she was borin This is the housewhere I lived two years ago. He put forward to the questionwhere the meeting would be held This is the reasonwhy she will not attend the meetincj. The teacher had no ideavhy Jack was absen .t1. Our team

15、has won the game,made us very happy.2. The news our team has won the game was true.3. The news he told me yesterday was true.4. His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it5. I have no idea he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./6. I ' ve come from the gov

16、ernment with a message the meeting won't be heldtomorrow.A. if B. that C. whether D. which7. The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.A. when B. which C. what D. that8. The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. which B. whether C. that D. what(2)代詞it可用作同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。這個(gè)it常放在某些動(dòng)詞

17、或短 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)兼作其后that同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。1 . I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。2 .有的語(yǔ)法學(xué)家把先行詞it后的that從句看作是動(dòng)詞或介詞的真正賓 語(yǔ)。一般認(rèn)為，這種it后的that從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于 主語(yǔ)+be+表語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。9. You must see to it that the children don't catch cold. (=You must see to it ,and It is that the children don't catch col

18、d.) 你要當(dāng)心，別讓孩子們著涼了。5、短語(yǔ)及固定句式后的同位語(yǔ)從句I will come on condition that John is invited.如果約翰也被邀請(qǐng)的話，我就來(lái)。On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with t he exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption 及 句 式 There BE+no doubt(hope, chancepossibility,)后的 that 從句為同位語(yǔ)從 句。10. *同位

19、語(yǔ)從句-相關(guān)語(yǔ)法1、同位語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置(1.) 一般情況下同位語(yǔ)從句跟在某些名詞(如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, messaged)的后面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。I ' veome from Mr Wang with a message that hevon' be able to see you this afternoon 我從王先生那邊得知一個(gè)消息，他說(shuō)他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。2.)有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后，而被別的詞語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)，在語(yǔ)法上叫做分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。The thought came to her t

20、hat maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她離開(kāi)家時(shí)沒(méi)把門關(guān)上。How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝覺(jué)得身上并沒(méi)有穿上新衣，對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題騙子是怎樣解釋的？CDCDB練習(xí)題1. His success was because of he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact tha

21、t D. the fact2. "Is Mary from New York City " "I don't know."A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3.makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I

22、didn't go to Shanghai was a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why.A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so7. Have you se

23、en Henry lately My boss wants to know.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me with me.A. what is the

24、trouble B. what wrong was C. what was the matter D. what tro uble it is 10. I am sure he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what 11. When and why he came here yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12.1 wonder how much.A. does the watch cost B. did th

25、e watch cost C. the watch costed D. the watc h costs 13. Mary is someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14.is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D.

26、Being a few minutes late 15. They came to the conclusion by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done 16. Why the explosion occurred was the laboratory attendant hadbeen carelessA. for B

27、. because C. since D. that 17. I don't doubt he'll come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18. "Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang " "Well, I forgetI was supposed to go to."A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was i t19. Output is now si

28、x times it was before liberation.63 .the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What64 .he won't go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This65 .you come or not is up to you. A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether66 .makes mistakes must

29、 correct them. A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoe ver D. Anybody67 .team will win the match is a matter of public concern. A. Which B. That C. If D. How68 .Three days later, word came our country had sent up another mA. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now

30、 buying a big house. Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved.A. what little she earns B. how little she earns C. for little she earns D. with l ittle she earns21.surprised me most was such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That.what B. What.that C. That.which D. What.which22.

31、 We gave him help we could. A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that24. Excuse me would you please tell meA. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to b e heldC. when i

32、s the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to knowA. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what

33、 you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed27. Where do you thinkA. has he gone B. has he been C. he's gone D. was hean-made satellite.A. which B. when C. that D. where69.The problem is will go to the meeting. A. why B. when C. whatD. who70.It looks it were going to

34、 rain. A. even if B. as if C. even thoughD. like71 .That is he likes the place so much. A. that B. what C. why D. how72 .That is Lu Xun once lived. A. what B. where C. that D. why73 .We thought strange that Tom did not come yesterday. A. that B.it C. this D. what74 .The fact she had not said anythin

35、g surprised all of us. A. whichB. what C. that D. how75 .What I'm considering now the money we need. A. is B. are C.were D. was76 .Can you tell me A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman1. .leaves the room last ought to turn off the li

36、ghts. A. Anyone B. T he person C. Whoever D. Who78. It is well known a person eats causes changes in the body. A.that what B. that C. what D. how79. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work. A. that B.which C. what D. such80. Jack was soon told he did was not necessary. A. why B. that C.h

37、ow D. why what81. We should think carefully about Mr. Needham said at the meeting. A. that B. what C. which D. X82. Can you point out two radios are the best A. which B. what C.that D. whether83. You will easily know video recorders （ 錄 相機(jī)）are the same. A. what those B. that of those C. that all of

38、D. which of those84. you have seen things like these before doesn't matter. A. If B.Whether C. What D. When85. I asked her in English she was, and she told me shewas an actress.A. who- that B. whcr X C. whatX D. how that86. She took it for granted I'd be back home an hour ago. A. thatB. whet

39、her C. if D. when87. We think it possible the local government will be able to solvethe housing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. how88. Now there is a danger the ground may fall in （沉下）under the heavy traffic. A. whether B. if C. X D. that89. At that time I had no idea I could hand it to him withou

40、t beingseen. A. if B. how C. which D. that how90. Last Sunday he promised today, but he hasn't appeared yet. A.that he would come B. that he will comeC. he will come to see me D. whether he would come91. Last Sunday he made a promise to Qingdao. A. if B. that C. that if D. whether92. Do you have any idea A. when Miss Smith will arrive B. wh en will Miss Smith arrive C. how will Miss Smith arrive D. why hasn't Miss Smith arrived93. I have almost forgotten.A. how Mr. Taylor's like B. what Mr. Taylor's fac