八年級英語動詞不定式用法梳理

1、八年級英語動詞不定式用法梳理動詞不定式是由“不定式符號to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。有些動詞不定式不帶to，動詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定語、補語、狀語或單獨使用。不定式保留動詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。動詞不定式和它后面的賓語、狀語等一起構(gòu)成短語，叫作不定式短語。一、用作主語直接把動詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語動詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語較長時。動詞不定式作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。帶疑問詞的不定式短語作主語常置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語常置于句末。如：1. I t is our duty to tr

2、y our best to deal with these problems.2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 3.How to learn English well is important. 4.To see is to believe.(眼見為實；百聞不如一見)二、用作表語動詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：1.The best way is to join an English club. 2.The first thing is to listen to the teac

3、her carefully. 三、用作賓語1.可以接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語的動詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit

4、 Mexico.2.動詞decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on.可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 3.動詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語動詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. /

5、n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接動詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語，意思差別不太大的動詞有begin, start, like, love等。一般說來，動詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的具體動作、將來動作或動作的全過程，ving形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動作。但是這種區(qū)別并不很嚴(yán)格，特別是美國英語，即使是習(xí)慣性的動作也可以用動詞不定式。如：1)Then I started to watch Tv.2)Im beginning to understand my parents.begin用了進行時態(tài)，后面只接不定式作賓語，表

6、示事情剛開始，還要繼續(xù)下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. 感知動詞like, love, know等一般不用進行時態(tài)。5.后接動詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語，表動作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓語，表動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stop to do停下來做另外一件事，to do是目的狀語；stop doing停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事，doing是賓語。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；go on to do接著做另外的事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來的事。如：1)When I left h

7、ome, I forgot to bring it with me.2)I stopped using them last year. 四、用作定語1.句子的主語或賓語是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動賓關(guān)系.1)I have so many clothes to wash today.2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. 3)We have no houses to live in.2.動詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place, time, way等時，不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如：1)He n

8、eeds time to do homework.2) He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.3.在“there be.”句型里，句子的主語是動詞不定式動作的對象：1)Theres just so much to see and do here. 2). but there are still many things to do there.五、用作賓語補足語1.帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask, allow, , advise)，期望邀請鼓勵(expect, , invite, enco

9、urage)，教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes. 2.動詞不定式作補語，在主動語態(tài)句里不帶to，被動語態(tài)句里帶to時多數(shù)動詞是感官動詞和使役動詞，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓”：have, let, make，二“聽”：hear, list

10、en to，一“感覺”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)This picture makes me feel excited！2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.3.help后接動詞不定式作補語，to可帶可不帶。1) they can help you to learn English.2)Using email English helps you write quickly. 六、用作狀語1.目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時常表示強調(diào)。如：1)In order to catch the early bus, she got up v

11、ery early.2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 3)She came to this city to visit her daughter.2.原因狀語，多見于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) I feel very lucky to have him.2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes. 3.結(jié)果狀語，多見于“too.to”，“enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) Im too tired to do it well.

12、 2)The room is big enough for three people to live in.七、動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式動作的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of，主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說來，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說明人的特性，又說明不定式動作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous, difficult,

13、easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般說明不定式動作的特性，前面如果是名詞用for。如：1.Its a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening. 2.Its wise of him to do it well.3)Is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog?八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語動詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞what, which, who或疑

14、問副詞how, when, where, why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語、主語、表語等，或者單獨使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)I dont know what to try next. (作賓語)2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主語)2.單獨使用時相當(dāng)于一個特殊疑問句。1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?九、動詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / n

15、ever to do.，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如：1.They decide not to talk to each other.2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street. 非謂語動詞總結(jié)一后面可跟動詞的ing形式的情況1.動詞： finish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事；practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing s

16、th.考慮做某事；suggest doing sth.建議做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事； keep doing sth.持續(xù)做某事2.固定短語： feel like doing sth.喜歡做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth.花費時間（金錢）做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困難；have fun doing.做某事高興3.介詞后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, f

17、or, from, up, by等)如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb. from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of4.to作介詞的情況look forward to doing sth期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth與相比較更喜歡； p

18、ay attention to doing注意做某事； be/get used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事；make a contribution to為做貢獻二后面可跟動詞的不定式形式的情況1.動詞：agree to do同意去做；afford to do買得起；decide to do決定去做某事；hope to do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失敗去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假裝去做； refuse to do拒絕去做；would like to do想要去做；want to do想要去做某事；learn

19、to do 學(xué)做；prefer to do sth. 喜歡（愛）做某事；sb. seem to do sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth. 想做；used to do sth. 過去常做某事2.句型. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人去做某事asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去（不要）做某事follow sb. to do sth. 跟隨某人去做某事get sb. to do sth. 讓某人做某事warn sb. (not) t

20、o do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）be amazed to do sth. 對做某事感到驚訝be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be excited to do sth. 對做感到興奮 be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事be glad/happy to do sth. 高興去做某事be/get ready to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事be sorry to do sth. 對做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth. 對做某事感到驚奇cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事get/have a

21、 chance to do sth. 得到一個做某事的機會Its + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事（對某人來說）怎么樣Its +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花費某人多長時間做某事（常考）Its best for sb. to do sth. 對某人來說做某事是最好的Its time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的時候了too(for sb.) to 太以致不能 =not enough to do prefer to do sth. rathe

22、r than do sth. 寧愿而不愿（?？迹﹕omething to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的東西（詞不定式放在something等后修飾這些Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很難/容易take turns to do sth. 輪流做There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 對（某人來說）沒時間做某事了There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 對某人來說沒必要做某事try/do ones best to do sth. 盡力去做某事三、后既能跟不定式也能跟動名詞的情況：

23、 1、后加不定式或動名詞意思相近的動詞有些動詞接doing和to do意義相近像like(喜歡)，love(喜歡)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(寧可)，begin(開始)，start(開始)，continue(繼續(xù))。如：等詞后加不定式或動名詞區(qū)別不大：如：like to do表示想要做某一具體的動作 like dong表示一般或抽象的多次動作 它們在實際使用中區(qū)別很小。 2、后加不定式或動名詞區(qū)別較大的動詞： remember to do(記住去做) remember doing(記得做過) forget to do(忘記去做) forget doing(忘記做過) try to do(

24、設(shè)法做) try doing(試著做) go on to do(接著做另一事) go on doing(繼續(xù)做同一事) stop to do(停下來去做) stop doing(停止做) cant help to do(不能幫助做) cant help doing(情不自禁做) 四、后跟不帶to的不定式（動詞原形）的情況。1在感官動詞和使役動詞后feel， hear，listen to，watch，look at，see， notice ，make，let，have等后跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時應(yīng)省去不定式符號to。注意：將此句改為被動句時，省去的不定式符號to應(yīng)加上。 在動詞help后跟不定

25、式作賓語或賓語補足語時，既可帶to，也可不帶to。2.助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后：do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must等后面接不帶to的動詞不定式。3.某些固定句型中1）Will（Would）you please（not）？請（不要）做某事好嗎？2）had better最好做某事3）Why not？為何不做某事 4) would rather(not).寧可(不)；寧愿(不)此句型也可以擴展成：would rather.than.=would.rather than.。5）在祈使語氣(或口語)中。五既可跟動詞原形又可跟動詞i

26、ng形式的情況。see,watch,hear等動詞，后面既可跟原形又可跟動名詞形式，跟原形時表示做過或經(jīng)常做，跟動名詞時表示正在做。see/watch sb. do sth.看到某人做過(經(jīng)常做）某事 see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事hear sb. do sth.聽到某人做過（經(jīng)常做）某事 hear sb. doing sth.聽到某人正在做某事單項選擇：（ ）1. The teacher told them _ make so much noise. A. dont B. not C. will not D. not to （ ）2. My mother

27、often tells me _so many mistakes.A. not to make B. to not make C. dont make D. not make （ ）3. Tell him _ the window. A. to shut (關(guān))not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut （ ）4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. d

28、o not to （ ）5. Mrs Smith warned(警告) her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive （ ） 6. The doctor asked the patient _rich food after the operation(手術(shù)). A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating （ ）7. The workers want us _ together

29、with them. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked （ ）8. I saw him _ out of the room. A. go B. went C.is going D. goes （ ）9. He often makes his little sister _, A. cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry（ ）10 Therere so many kinds of new bikes on sale that I cant make up my mind _ to buy. A. what B. which

30、C. how D. where （ ）11. He cant decide _ to stay or not. A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will （ ）12. - The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. turned it off （ ）13. We agreed _ here. A. met B. meeting C. to meet D. meet （ ）14. Fr

31、ank is the kind of person who people like to _. A. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D. make friends with （ ）15. Go on _ the other exercise after you finishthis one. A. to do B. doing C.does D. did （ ）16. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock A. rested B. rest

32、ing C. to rest D. rest （ ）17. Tom kept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of_ his job. A. lose B. to lose C. losing D. lost （ ）18. I need a day or two _. A. to think it over B. to think over C. of thinking （ ）19. He was too excited _. A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking （ ）

33、20. Im hungry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating （ ）21. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change ? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going （ ）22. I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems. A. spend B. spare C. save D. share （ ）23. They wont let his mother _him in that way. A. to treat B. treated C. treat D. treats （ ）24.