外研版必修一module5重點知識講解與練習(xí)

1、課程綱要：.短語檢測1使有條理 2想起， 考慮 3弄清楚， 弄明白 4把加到5使不進(jìn)入， 防止進(jìn)入 6開始做， 著手干， 進(jìn)行吧 7安靜點 8過去常常 9在過去的二十年里 10要么要么11為感到驕傲 12理應(yīng)， 應(yīng)當(dāng) putin order think of find out addto keepout of go ahead keep the noise down used to in the last twenty years eitheror be proud of be supposed to .佳句再現(xiàn)1_ the earths surface is water.地球表面三分之二是水

2、。2The earth is _ the moon.地球是月球的五十倍。3It is hard _ a world without metals.很難想象一個沒有金屬的世界。4Im going to _ Montreal _ Ottawa University, as both _have good Physics Department. 我要么去蒙特利爾大學(xué)， 要么去渥太華大學(xué)， 因為兩個大學(xué)都有不錯的物理系。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)：1expand v. (cause sth. to) become greater in size, number or importance膨脹， 擴(kuò)大， 增強；擴(kuò)展， 展

3、開expansion n. 擴(kuò)張， 擴(kuò)展， 膨脹【易混辨析】expand和extend(1)expand vt.&vi. 強調(diào)“使(尺寸、數(shù)字或數(shù)量等)擴(kuò)大， 增加， 擴(kuò)大(活動范圍)”。如：A tyre expands when you pump air into it. 如果你往輪胎里充氣， 它就會膨脹。Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我國的對外貿(mào)易近年來已有極大發(fā)展。(2)extend vt.& vi.強調(diào)“時間、空間等的延伸、延展”。如：The road extends for miles

4、and miles. 這條路向遠(yuǎn)處綿延伸展。Can you extend your visit a few days longer?你能多停留幾天嗎？【活學(xué)活用】(1)Why not try to _ your story into a novel?你為什么不把你的故事擴(kuò)展成小說呢？(2)Metal _ when it is heated. 金屬加熱之后就會膨脹。 (3)The headmaster _ our holiday by four days. 校長將我們的假期延長了4天。2conclusionn. 結(jié)論， 推論；結(jié)尾， 結(jié)束(1)conclude v推斷出， 斷定， 做結(jié)論；(使)

5、結(jié)束(2)come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 jump to a conclusion 匆匆忙忙作出結(jié)論in conclusion 最后， 總之【活學(xué)活用】I _that hed been lying. 我斷定他是在說謊。3balancen. 平衡v. 平衡； 權(quán)衡， 使保持平衡(1)keep/lose ones balance保持/失去平衡keep the balance of nature/ones mind 保持自然界/心態(tài)的平衡(2)balance A against B 權(quán)衡A與B的重要性balance A with/and B平衡好A與B【活學(xué)

6、活用】(1)We must learn to _. 我們必須學(xué)會平衡好工作與休息。(2)You have to _of living in a big city _ the disadvantages. 你必須權(quán)衡住在大城市的利與弊。4equipmentn. U設(shè)備， 裝備(1)a piece of equipment一件設(shè)備(2)be equipped for 準(zhǔn)備好， 對有準(zhǔn)備be equipped _ 裝備有， 配備有【易混辨析】equipment和facilityequipment 和 facility 都可譯作“設(shè)備”， “器材”。(1)equipment 是不可數(shù)名詞， 指用于某一

7、特殊目的的東西供給品， 裝備等(the tools, machines, clothes, etc. that you need to do a particular job or activity)。如：medical equipment(2)facility 是可數(shù)名詞， 常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。facilities指為特殊活動或目的所提供的種種便利， 包括設(shè)備、建筑物和服務(wù)等(rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose)。如：sports/leisure facilities【活學(xué)活用】(1)Th

8、e government has given a lot of _ to our school. 政府已為我們學(xué)校配備了很多設(shè)備。(2)The room _air conditioners. 這個房間裝有空調(diào)設(shè)備。(3)This is a fivestar hotel with fantastic _. 這是一家五星級飯店， 設(shè)施完善。5ordinaryadj. 普通的， 平常的；平淡無奇的【易混辨析】ordinary, common, usual和normal 四個詞都含“普通的”意思。(1)ordinary(與眾多同類的東西相比)強調(diào)“普通的”， “平淡無奇的”。 如： ordinary

9、people like you and me像你我一樣的普通人(2)common強調(diào)“因為常見而普通”， 也可指“共同的， 共有的”。如：common sense常識common efforts 共同的努力have sth. in common (with sb./sth.) 和有共同之處in common (with sb./sth.) 共同， 共有， 與一樣Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的國家雪是常見的。(3)usual 通常的， 慣常的， 強調(diào)“經(jīng)常性或與習(xí)慣有關(guān)”。as usual 像往常一樣She arrived later than us

10、ual. 她到得比平常晚。As usual, there werent many people at the meeting. 像往常一樣， 來開會的人不多。(4)normal正常的， 常態(tài)的， 往往指“合乎某種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的， 或在正常情況下應(yīng)有的”。如：normal temperature 正常體溫/溫度above/below normal 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以上/下return to normal 恢復(fù)正常【活學(xué)活用】(1)We were dressed up for the party but she was still in her _ clothes. 我們都為聚會喬裝打扮， 但她仍然穿著平常的衣服。(

11、2)Its _ to feel tired after such a long trip.長途旅行之后感到累是正常的。(3)Smith is a very _ last name in England. 在英國史密斯是很常見的姓。(4)Shall we meet at the _ time and place? 我們在老地方老時間見面好嗎？ (5)_ many people, he prefers classical music to pop. 和許多人一樣， 和流行音樂相比， 他更喜歡古典音樂。1addto把加到add to增加add sth. up 把加起來add up to 總計為， 總

12、數(shù)達(dá)；結(jié)果是add that 補充說【溫馨提示】add to 表示“增加了”時， 后面常跟抽象名詞， 如：add to our difficulties增加了我們的困難；而addto意思是“把加到”， 常跟具體的名詞。另外add表示“補充說， 又說”時， 也是?？键c， 需要重點記憶。【活學(xué)活用】(1)If you _ 4 _ 5, you will get 9.四加五等于九。(2)He wrote down the weight of each stone and _. 他把每一塊石頭的重量記下來， 然后把所有的重量加在一起。(3)Her graceful manner _ her beaut

13、y. 她優(yōu)雅的舉止增加了她的美麗。2keep (sb.) out (of sth.)把關(guān)在外面； 阻止入內(nèi)； 不參加； 不進(jìn)去(1)keep away _ (使)遠(yuǎn)離， 保持距離keep off (使)避開；不(讓)接近(2)keep _ 使保持、維持(在同一水平)；使不低落； 繼續(xù)keep up with 跟上， 不落后keep _ 控制， 抑制；隱瞞；留/扣下；阻礙(某人)發(fā)展keep to the road/the point/ones promise 不偏離道路/主題/遵守諾言【易混辨析】keep away from, keep off和keep () out (of)keep awa

14、y from與keep off意義接近， 但前者強調(diào)“保持距離”， 而后者強調(diào)“不接近， 不碰觸”。 keep () out (of)則強調(diào)“保持在之外”， 還可以引申為“置身于之外， 不參與， 不干涉”。如：I told the children to keep away from the fire.我讓孩子們離火遠(yuǎn)點。Keep your hands off me! 把你的手拿開， 不要碰我。Outside the room is a sign saying “Danger: Keep out.” 房間外面有個標(biāo)志提醒“危險， 請勿入內(nèi)”?！净顚W(xué)活用】用keep相關(guān)短語的正確形式填空(1)F

15、ood production is not _ population growth.(2)Youd better _ their quarrel. (3)The notice said “_ the grass.” (4)I got the feeling that he was _ something _ from us. (5)She was struggling to _ the tears. (6)When you are visiting the park, you must _its rules. (7)Do something to _ your spirits. 3go ahe

16、ad (used to give sb. permission to do sth., or let them speak before you )說吧， 干吧， 開始做；(to be carried out; take place)發(fā)生， 進(jìn)行；走在前面， 先走go _ 違背， 對不利；與相反go all out to do/for sth. 全力以赴做某事go _ (時間)過去；依據(jù)， 遵循go down 下降， 降低go up 上升， (房屋)建立起來go on 繼續(xù)；發(fā)生， 進(jìn)行；(時間)過去go on with sth. 繼續(xù)做某事go on doing 繼續(xù)做(原來的事)go on

17、 to do 接著做(另外一件事)【活學(xué)活用】用go相關(guān)短語的正確形式填空(1) Do you mind if I open the window?No, _. (2) The building of the new bridge will _as planned.(3)The company will _ improve next years sales. (4)She was scared to _ her fathers wishes. (5)As the weeks _, I became more and more worried. (6)New buildings are _all

18、 around the town. 4used to do(happened regularly or all the time in the past, but does not happen now)過去常常做某事be/get used to (doing) sth.習(xí)慣于be used to do 被用來做【易混辨析】used to 和would(1)used to多有“過去如此， 現(xiàn)在不這樣”的對比含義， 不與一段時間狀語連用。(2)would多表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作， 常與具體的時間狀語連用， 或與often, sometimes或for hours連用。如：He would alwa

19、ys be the first to offer to help. 他總是會第一個主動提出幫助?！咀⒁馐马棥?1)疑問式：Used you to？/Did you use to？否定式： used not to/usednt to/didnt use to(2)used to 后的不定式可以承前省略到to, 但若后面是be, 則be需保留。如：He is not an actor. But he used to be. 【活學(xué)活用】(1)_ and take an hours walk before breakfast. 我過去常常早起， 并且在早餐前散步一小時。(2)He _ in the

20、country. 他已習(xí)慣于住在鄉(xiāng)下。(3)Bamboo _. 竹子可以被用來造紙。5be proud of對感到自豪be proud to do/that對感到自豪take pride _ 以感到自豪；對感到得意【活學(xué)活用】(1)He _his childrens achievements.他為孩子們的成就感到驕傲。(2)_ your friend. 做你的朋友我感到驕傲。 6be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求(按規(guī)則、慣例等)做某事， 理應(yīng)Suppose/Supposing (that)假設(shè)， 如果(引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句， 相當(dāng)于if)【活學(xué)活用】(1)You _ he

21、re. 你不應(yīng)該呆在這兒。(2)_, can we play the match indoors? 要是下雨的話， 我們在室內(nèi)比賽行嗎？ 1It is hard to think of a world without metals. 很難想象一個沒有金屬的世界。句型公式It isadj. to do sth. 做某事【句式點撥】在該句型中it用作形式主語， 真正的主語為動詞不定式?！鞠嚓P(guān)拓展】(1)It isadj. for sb. to do sth.對于某人來說做某事在該句式中，作表語的形容詞說明不定式行為的性質(zhì)和特點。常見的形容詞有：easy, important, difficult,

22、 possible, necessary等。(2)It isadj. of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事在該句式中， 作表語的形容詞表達(dá)不定式的邏輯主語的品行、性格或性質(zhì)。常見的形容詞有：kind, nice, good, honest, careful, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, rude等。(3)It isadj./n. that做某事it作形式主語， that從句作真正的主語?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1)_ to lose three pairs of glasses. 你丟了三副眼鏡真是太粗心了。 (2) _ meet?我們非見面不可嗎？(3) _

23、 he didnt come to our party. 很遺憾他沒來參加我們的聚會。2The closer you are, the more youll see. 你靠得越近， 看到的就越多。句型公式“the比較級， the比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越就越”， 前面“the比較級”相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句?！緶剀疤崾尽吭摼湫椭校?比較級的后面如果修飾了名詞， 則要把這個名詞和比較級一起放到最前面， 后面跟句子的其余部分。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.你越努力， 取得的進(jìn)步就會越大?！净顚W(xué)活用】The more ca

24、reful you are, _in the experiment. 你越小心， 在實驗中犯的錯誤就越少。.單詞拼寫1You may imagine their _ (驚訝的) look when they find the room empty. 2The hotel has its own pool and leisure f_. 3I wonder how the audience r_ to his speech. 4Boats f_ in the direction of wind if they are not controlled. 5Its common sense that

25、ice f_ when water freezes. .選詞填空think of, add to, putin order, eitheror, be proud of 1Many words have _ this edition of the dictionary.2. _ you _ he is the next to be on duty.3Its hard _ a world without electricity. 4I _the achievements youve made these years.5Now its time for you to _ your life _.單

26、項填空12010·全國卷 The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it【解析】 D考查代詞用法辨析。it用作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式短語。22011·遼寧卷 I probably shouldnt have any more cake.Oh，_. It wont kill you.A. go ahead B. hold on, pleaseC. youre welcome D. thatll do【解析】 A本題考查交際用語。句意：

27、“我可能不應(yīng)該再吃蛋糕了?！薄班?，吃吧。撐不著你。”go ahead吃吧，做吧，繼續(xù)；hold on別掛斷；youre welcome不用謝；thatll do可以了，行了(尤用以制止某人做或說某事物)。3English is _ hard for me and Physics is _ harder. Aa little; a lot Ba lot; a littleCa bit; more Drather; a great deal of【解析】 A四個選項中 a little, a bit和rather都可以修飾形容詞。但是只有a lot, a little和a great deal可以

28、修飾比較級。4In my opinion, life in the twentyfirst century is much easier than _ . Athat used to be Bit is used toCit was used to Dit used to be【解析】 D本題考查used to do。本句意為“在我看來，21世紀(jì)的生活比過去容易多了。”used to do 過去曾經(jīng)；it代指前面的“生活”。5. _ from a short story, the novel is very popular with children. AExpanded BTo expand

29、CExpanding DTo be expanded【解析】 A主語the novel是expand動作的承受者，所以用過去分詞作狀語。6Long ago, the upper classes here spoke French while the _ people spoke English. Aordinary Bnative Clower Dsimple【解析】 A本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。native意為“本國的，本地的”，lower 意為“較低的”，simple意為“簡單的”。句中 the upper classes 意思是“上層社會，貴族階層”，與其相對應(yīng)的應(yīng)為ordinary people “普通大眾”。7In the near future, Ch