同等學(xué)力英語技巧提高翻譯課程

1、2013同等學(xué)力英語技巧提高_(dá)翻譯課程第一部分 考試綜述1第二部分 翻譯的方法與技巧精講1第一講 翻譯定語從句2第二講 增詞與減詞4第三講 主謂搭配6第四講 被動語態(tài)的翻譯方法8第三部分 翻譯實(shí)例8第一部分 考試綜述 1、考試變化：2013年取消了漢譯英的部分 考試題型_英譯漢2、考試大綱要求： 具有用書面英語表達(dá)思想和見解的基本能力。所寫文章應(yīng)切合主題，能正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無重大語言錯誤。英譯漢 本部分要求考生把一段100詞左右的英語短文翻譯成漢語，共10分，考試時(shí)間為20分鐘。要求譯文意思準(zhǔn)確，文字通順。3、翻譯原則： 忠實(shí) 通順4、同等學(xué)力的英語翻譯考試范圍：主要是以教育、文化、環(huán)

2、境保護(hù)、科技為主；5、英漢翻譯的考點(diǎn)： 常見的翻譯技巧：選詞用字、詞序調(diào)整、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、增詞法、省略法 具體句型的翻譯步驟和方法：定語從句、狀語從句、并列結(jié)構(gòu)、否定 結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、插入結(jié)構(gòu)、被動結(jié)構(gòu)、比較結(jié)構(gòu)等等第二部分 翻譯的方法與技巧精講第一講 翻譯定語從句一、定語從句的種類定語從句可分為非限定性定語從句（描繪性定語從句）和限定性定語從句。e.g.: They dont like that person who is noisy. 他們不喜歡那個(gè)吵鬧的人。*限定性定語從句和先行詞關(guān)系緊密，不可省略。e.g.: They dont like that person, who is noisy

3、. 他們不喜歡那個(gè)人，因?yàn)樗臭[了。*非限定性定語從句（描繪性定語從句）和先行詞關(guān)系疏松，用逗號和主句隔開，可以省略。它翻譯時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。二、定語從句的翻譯1. 如果是限定從句，通常把定語從句前置。 原則： 中文的所有定語都是前置的。 中文的狀語從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞一定要雙雙出現(xiàn)。 限定性定語從句翻譯方法： （1）前置譯法 （完全置于被修飾詞之前） （2）后置譯法（完全置于被修飾詞之后） （3）句首譯法短前長后漢字大于等于8后置，小于8前置 非限定性定語從句翻譯方法： 只有一種方法：順序譯法注意：英譯漢的過程中： 原則1：首先斷句 漢譯英的過程中： 原則1：找謂語技巧：1、前邊是一群人，后邊

4、是一動詞，動詞后邊是一賓語從句，動詞一定會翻譯成“認(rèn)為”。 2、當(dāng)非限定性定語從句，如果出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)關(guān)系詞叫which，我們通常把它翻譯成“這”。 3、方面在中文中是范疇詞，范疇詞是不翻譯的。 4、如果有兩個(gè)或者三個(gè)以上的定語從句循環(huán)了，我們要不把定一和定二放一起翻譯，要不把定二和定三放一起翻譯。如果定一、定二和定三一樣長時(shí)，把定一盒定二放到一起，定三單放。在過去的五年當(dāng)中，我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，人民生活水平進(jìn)一步提高，這一切都是歸功于中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。參考譯文：In the past five years, our national economy has been development

5、very rapidly, which was attributed to the leading of Communist Party of China.1 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 參考譯文：希臘人認(rèn)為語言的結(jié)構(gòu)與思維的過程之間存在著某些聯(lián)系，這在人

6、們意識到語言的多樣性之前，就已經(jīng)在歐洲植根很久了。2 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development. 參考譯文：行為主義者認(rèn)為，孩子生長在有許多刺激環(huán)境里，這些刺激又促進(jìn)其適當(dāng)反應(yīng)能力的發(fā)展，他（她）又會經(jīng)歷更大的知識發(fā)展。3 Prio

7、r to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.參考譯文：二十世紀(jì)以前，小說中的婦女都是這樣一個(gè)模式，她們?nèi)鄙倭巳魏巫屗麄兂蔀楠?dú)立個(gè)體的特征，也屈服于由男性主導(dǎo)的文化所強(qiáng)加給她們的種種限制。Prior只有比較級 superior to （比

8、。高級） inferior to (比。低級) junior to (younger than )Senior to (other than)分詞翻譯：1、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞位于句首。2、分詞位于被修飾詞的后面。4They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of povert

9、y.參考譯文：對于以往幾代人來說，使用舊時(shí)的體力勞動作為手段來擺脫貧困，而舊時(shí)的體力勞動被科技進(jìn)步所摧毀，所以窮人們是首先體會到科技進(jìn)步之苦的。技巧：如果只有兩個(gè)定語從句，中心句被定一修飾，定二修飾定一。要全部分開翻譯。5The number of the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible about one in four.參考譯文：在美國，沒有閱讀能力的年輕人的數(shù)量大約有四分之一，這一點(diǎn)簡直令人難以置信。（同位語從句的翻譯方法） 或者：在美國，大約有四分之一的年輕人沒有閱讀能力，這一點(diǎn)簡直令人難以置信

10、。（同位語從句的翻譯方法）技巧：1、狀語在前拿到后面翻，狀語在后拿到前面翻譯 2、先出主語和先出評論的關(guān)系：中國：先事實(shí)，后評論。 英文： 先評論，后事實(shí)。6Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy. 參考譯文：古特曼盡管認(rèn)為，由于買賣造成的

11、被迫分離甚為頻繁，但是他仍然認(rèn)為，奴隸們的偏好，在買賣并不是十分頻繁的種植園當(dāng)中最顯露的揭示出來，在很大程度上贊成一夫一妻制。7This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests，may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. 參考譯

12、文：古特曼認(rèn)為，這種對于外族通婚的偏好可能起源于西非的制約著婚姻的規(guī)定，這些規(guī)定盡管在一個(gè)部落和另一個(gè)部落之間不盡相同，但是，這一切都包含了某種對于近親結(jié)婚的禁止。West Beijing 西北京Western Beijing 北京西部In the west of Beijing 在北京的西邊8同等學(xué)力（在職碩士）英語水平統(tǒng)一考試翻譯1994年真題在我們這個(gè)時(shí)代，任何人想要在社會上起到所希望起的作用，必須接受必要的教育。隨著科學(xué)的進(jìn)步，在中小學(xué)開設(shè)了越來越多的課程。與過去的教育相比，現(xiàn)代教育更重視實(shí)用性。參考譯文：In our times，anyone who wants to play an

13、 important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary education定語從句With the development of science，more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schoolsCompared with the old education，modem education places its stress on practicality9. 同等學(xué)力（在職碩士）英語水平統(tǒng)一考試翻譯1996年真題在過去的幾十年里，可能沒有任何話題

14、比領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)更受到管理研究者的關(guān)注，在管理人員的培訓(xùn)和開發(fā)方面，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)也是最熱鬧的話題之一。這表明專業(yè)管理人員對探索卓有成效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)的奧秘很感興趣。參考譯文：Over the past few decades，perhaps no topic has drawn more attention from management researchers than the art of leadershipIt is also one of the hottest topics in the management training and development，which shows非限定性定語從

15、句 that professional management are interested in discovering the secrets to effective leadership第二講 增詞與減詞一般來說，英譯漢增詞，漢譯英減詞。增詞的主要種類有： 評論性詞（只出現(xiàn)在文學(xué)作品中）1 He wished that he had asked her to dance, and that he knew her name. 參考譯文：他是多么希望，自己當(dāng)時(shí)請她跳了舞，現(xiàn)在又知道了她的芳名。2 我進(jìn)去看了，只記得門警是瑞士兵士，穿著黃色的制服，別的沒有印象了。 參考譯文：I went t

16、here to have a look, I just remembered that the guards at gate were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniforms.3 Their galabias （長袍）and turbans stained by the sweat and dirt of a long days work, they sat in front of a wayside shop, enjoying three of the best things in life along the Nile - tea, conversation,

17、 and the water pipe. 參考譯文：他們干了一天的活，袍子上頭巾上又是汗又是土，坐在路邊的一家商店的門口，享受著尼羅河沿岸人生最美好的三件事：喝茶、聊天、抽水煙。4The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. 參考譯文：從不同的深度采集的土壤樣本，進(jìn)行檢測，為了尋找油的蹤跡。5For the international community the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown t

18、o be the worlds eleventh largest economy, and is set to grow further. 參考譯文：對于國際社會來說，這些變化所帶來的最顯著的結(jié)果就是，中國已經(jīng)成為了世界上第十一大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，以后會發(fā)展得更好。Our national spirit 我們民族的精神 the spirit of our nation the +名詞+of 其中的名詞叫抽象名詞，注意在翻譯時(shí)，如果有動詞詞根，要把它翻譯成動詞形式，如沒有從此詞根，要給它增一個(gè)動詞， the spirit of our nation 我們民族所具有的精神61998年是聯(lián)合國確定的國際海洋年

19、，中國政府愿借此機(jī)會介紹中國海洋事業(yè)發(fā)展的情況。 參考譯文： 1998 was designated by the United Nations as the International Ocean Year,and the Chinese Government would like to take this opportunity to introduce the development of China's marine career.7中國有12億多人口，陸地自然資源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。 參考譯文：China has population more than 1.2 mi

20、llion, and its land natural resources per capita is lower thanworld's average.國際合作：International cooperation8目前，中國的糧食單產(chǎn)水平與世界糧食高產(chǎn)的國家相比還是比較低的，中國要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)到糧食高產(chǎn)國家的水平難度較大，但是經(jīng)過努力是完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 參考譯文：At present, the per unit area yield of grain in china is relatively low compared with countries with high grain

21、 yield, it will be difficult for china to reach the level of countries with high grain yield, but the goal can be achieved through the efforts.9. 在播種面積相對穩(wěn)定的前提下，只要1996年到2010年糧食單產(chǎn)年均遞增1%，2011年到2030年年均遞增0.7%，就可以達(dá)到預(yù)期的糧食總產(chǎn)量目標(biāo)。 參考譯文：Given the relatively stable sown area, desired grain output target can be

22、achieved, if the annual average growth rate of per unit area yield of grain from 1996 to2010 is 1%，and there are 0.7%from 2011 to 2030.在.下given, consider, considering 年均遞增率the annual average growth rate of 10. Before 1760, it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes. By 1820, it was

23、 standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen. 參考譯文：1760年以前，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方式是農(nóng)民們把活帶回家干去。到了1820年，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方式是把工人們雇到工廠去，并且讓他們在監(jiān)視之下工作。11. Despite the great gains in industry, agriculture remained the nations basic occupation. 參考譯文：在工業(yè)方面，盡管取得了巨大的成就，但是，農(nóng)業(yè)仍然是這個(gè)國家的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)。12. The resounding success of the Cuc

24、arao experiment whetted the appetites of Florida livestock raisers for a similar feat that would relieve（消除） them of the scourge（禍害） of screw-worm. （螺旋錐蠅） 參考譯文：庫拉索島上的實(shí)驗(yàn)取得了巨大的成功，這引起了佛羅里達(dá)州牲畜養(yǎng)殖者的很大的興趣，他們運(yùn)用相同的技術(shù)來消滅螺旋錐蠅這一禍害。13. The first day was crossed out, and the last thought which went through my min

25、d at the end of this important day was: After all - I do not belong here; I am just loaned.參考譯文：今天已經(jīng)從日歷上劃掉了，在這個(gè)重要的日子結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我腦海中出現(xiàn)的最后的想法就是： 畢竟，我不屬于這里，我只是在這里暫住。Loan 借款、租借14 同等學(xué)力（在職碩士）英語水平統(tǒng)一考試翻譯2000年真題文化是不同國家的人們互相理解的最佳媒體。通過舉辦文化節(jié)，許多中國城市在世界上的知名度提高了。已經(jīng)證明，對促進(jìn)中國人民和世界其他地方人民之前的交流來說，這是最好的途徑之一。這種交流不僅僅限于文化方面，還擴(kuò)大到

26、了經(jīng)濟(jì)和其他領(lǐng)域。參考譯文：Culture is the best medium for different people of different countries to understand each other Through holding cultural festivals，many cities in China have become better known to the world It has been proved that this is one of the best ways to promote the exchange between the Chinese

27、 people and people from other parts of the worldThe exchange has not only been confined to culture范疇詞 but extended to the economic and other fields我國先秦的思想家就提出了 “親人善鄰，國之寶也”的思想.Chinese thinkers in the pre-Qin days (over 2000 years ago) put forward though of “l(fā)oving people and treating neighbors kindly

28、, are most valuable to a country.”增詞與減詞對象或范圍詞匯總結(jié)：第一類 增減評論性詞 一般是英譯漢增詞，漢譯英減詞。第二類：增減動詞：第一種是賓語前面少動詞，稱為動賓的分配原則。 第二種抽象名詞位于某位置上，少動詞，來增一個(gè)動詞。第三類：增減范疇詞：根據(jù)情況進(jìn)行增減第四類增減對象或者范圍詞，是讓別人理解的更加清楚。除了這些還有很多，增加物主代詞。第三講 主謂搭配一般來說，漢語的主語較長，謂語和賓語較短。而英語則是主謂賓分配比較均勻。1 合營企業(yè)的形式為有限責(zé)任公司。參考譯文：An equity joint venture takes the form of a

29、 limited liability company.主語：合營企業(yè)的形式 謂語：為 賓語：有限責(zé)任公司。2合營者的注冊資本如果轉(zhuǎn)讓必須經(jīng)過各方同意。參考譯文：If a venture wishes to assign its registered capital, it must obtain the consent of each party to the venture. 我們加快建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。We will speed up the establishment of socialist market economic system我們努力建設(shè)社會主義民主政治。We will

30、 make efforts (work hard) to establish socialist democracy.英譯漢時(shí)能看出來的有些詞沒有意義，不翻譯。英譯漢時(shí)能看出來的有些詞本身就表示副詞加動詞，就把它翻譯成動詞加名詞。3合營企業(yè)的有關(guān)外匯事宜，應(yīng)遵照中華人民共和國外匯管理?xiàng)l例辦理。參考譯文：Equity joint venture handles its foreign exchange transactions according to regulation on foreign exchanges of Peoples Republic china 4合營企業(yè)所需要的原材料、燃

31、料、配套件等，應(yīng)盡先在中國購買，也可由合營企業(yè)自籌外匯，直接在國際市場上購買。參考譯文：In its purchases of required raw materials, fuels, and auxiliary equipments etc, equity joint venture takes first priority to purchase in china, it may purchase directly on the international market with foreign exchange raised itself.原材料raw materials 燃料 fu

32、els配套件 auxiliary equipment5正副總經(jīng)理（或正副廠長）由合營各方分別擔(dān)任。 參考譯文：The office of manager and vice manager(s)(factory manager or deputy factory manager(s)are assumed by each party to the venture respectively.分別respectively擔(dān)任 assume6合營企業(yè)的一切活動應(yīng)當(dāng)遵照中華人民共和國法律、法令和有關(guān)條例的規(guī)定。參考譯文：Equity joint venture engages in all activi

33、ties according to the provision of laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of the peoples republic of China.7鼓勵合營企業(yè)向中國境外銷售產(chǎn)品。參考譯文：Equity joint venture is encouraged to sell its products outside China.8鼓勵外國合營者將可匯出的外匯存入中國銀行。參考譯文：A foreign venture is encouraged to deposit foreign exchange whi

34、ch can be remitted abroad in the Bank of China.deposit 存入 remit 匯錢中國主席 Chinese president9同等學(xué)力（在職碩士）英語水平統(tǒng)一考試翻譯2001年真題過去50年其實(shí)并不是發(fā)明創(chuàng)新的黃金時(shí)期。從1900年到1950年，改變?nèi)祟惿畹陌l(fā)明有汽車、飛機(jī)、電話、收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)當(dāng)然還有核武器和計(jì)算機(jī)。而近50年來，只有為數(shù)不多的發(fā)明。難道發(fā)明的源泉已經(jīng)枯竭了嗎？答案并非如此。事實(shí)上，發(fā)明的新時(shí)代剛剛開始。參考譯文：Actually the last fifty years was not the golden age of

35、 invention and innovationFrom l 900 to 1950，human life was transformed by such inventions as cars，airplanes，telephones，radios and television sets換主語，not to mention nuclear weapons and the computersIn the recent 50 years only a few inventions have been madeHas the wellspring of invention been drying

36、up? Not likelyIndeed，a new age of invention is just beginning第四講 被動語態(tài)的翻譯方法1. Today this treasury of silt is trapped behind the dam, and there is no effective system. 現(xiàn)在寶貴的泥沙由水壩攔住了，卻沒有除鹽的有效辦法。2. Yet the Nile has been changed by modern man in ways not yet fully understood. 然而現(xiàn)代的人卻讓尼羅河發(fā)生了變化，不過就連他們自己也不完

37、全了解尼羅河究竟發(fā)生了什么變化。3. Because it is very slippery, it is used for lubrication. 因?yàn)樗浅櫥钥梢杂米鳚櫥瑒?. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. 植物油自古以來就為人們所熟悉。5. When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refinery to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When t

38、he oil is heating, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporized. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. W

39、hat remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. 油田打出原油以后，便送到煉油廠去處理。最普通的處理就是加熱。石油經(jīng)過加熱，最先冒出來的蒸 汽冷卻后就是質(zhì)量最高的汽油。汽油的沸點(diǎn)低，倒一點(diǎn)在手上，很快就揮發(fā)了。隨后從石油分離出來的氣體可以濃縮為煤油。最后產(chǎn)生的是各種等級的潤滑油。剩下的便是重油了，可以用作燃料。6It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet，w

40、hose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond； but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly co genetic. 現(xiàn)在尚不知這種類似稀少到何種地步，也不知道是否它最常見于象石榴石一類的硅酸鹽內(nèi)含物中，而這類物質(zhì)的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)普遍地在某種程度上類似于金剛石的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。但一旦存在，這種類似就被視作極有說服力的證據(jù)，證明金剛石與內(nèi)含物

41、確是同源的。第三部分 翻譯實(shí)例Part VI Translation(20 minutes，10 points)Directions：Translate the following passage into ChineseWrite your answer on the Answer Sheet Physicists were thinking far ahead of their time in a very intelligent wayThey saw what was going to happen before it actually didThey thought about mo

42、dern computing in the 1950s，they imagined a lot of the technological progress that we would see only decades later in the real worldThey were asking very theoretical questions because these ideas were still so far removed from practiceAnd they asked very moral questions as well，because the things th

43、ey conceptualized could be used for great good or for great evilIt could go either way，so moral judgments had to be made參考答案： 物理學(xué)家才思敏慧，所思所想遠(yuǎn)超他們所處的年代。他們能洞見即將發(fā)生之事。他們預(yù)見了20世紀(jì)50年代的現(xiàn)代計(jì)算技術(shù)，并想象到了我們幾十年以后才看到的許多技術(shù)進(jìn)展。他們提出實(shí)際生活中還未見端倪的理論性很強(qiáng)的問題，同時(shí)也提出了道德性很強(qiáng)的問題，因?yàn)樵谒麄冾^腦中形成的概念性東西其用途不分善惡。既然善惡兩可，這些概念性東西就需要道德來對它們進(jìn)行評判。實(shí)例（二

44、）Part VI Translation(20 minutes，1 0 points)Directions：Translate the following passage into ChineseWrite your answer on the Answer SheetMany say that the transition to a low carbon economy offers the greatest economic opportunities ever knownAt the start of the information revolution，few would have guessed at just how widespread and profound the effect would be on society：today we can barely imagine life without modern information technologyCompanies likeGoogle，Yahoo! and Amazon are some of the most successful companies in the world. We are now at the start of the low carbon r