初中英語(yǔ)完型填空解題技巧[1]

1、初中英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧【復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)】完形填空題是對(duì)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)與語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的一種測(cè)試。其考查的形式靈活，綜合性較強(qiáng)，要求考生能綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識(shí)在特定的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷，并能準(zhǔn)確地從四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案，使補(bǔ)足后的短文結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意義通暢。完形填空題能夠較為準(zhǔn)確地檢查學(xué)生的各項(xiàng)知識(shí)水平和綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力。這種題型的主要考查內(nèi)容為： 詞語(yǔ)辨析、基本句型、基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法；固定搭配與習(xí)慣表達(dá)；閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理能力。近年來， 完形填空題更側(cè)重對(duì)語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力、閱讀理解能力的考查。完形填空題（cloze test它有以下兩大特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律：第一，一篇完形填空題是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。盡管看起來

2、形式上有殘缺（若干個(gè)空），但它的內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，句與句之間的銜接點(diǎn)，句子與段落之間的聯(lián)系，段落與段落之間的邏輯順序仍或隱或現(xiàn)地存在于篇章之中。因此， 在做完形填空題時(shí)，通讀全文、明了大意、理清觀點(diǎn)、分清層次是十分重要的一步。考生解題時(shí)必須自始至終依托語(yǔ)境，注意上下文之間、詞與詞之間，從語(yǔ)法到意義的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上啟下的過渡詞等，如 so, but, however, then, therefore, alSo第二，完形填空題選材廣泛。它涉及社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)；文化、教育、歷史、地理、科普知識(shí)、人物故事等。因此，考生做完形填空題時(shí)，要快速通覽全文，了解文章概貌與各段落的中心意思，把握

3、文章主旨脈絡(luò)，掌握文章作者的意圖。二完形填空題的設(shè)空規(guī)律為了對(duì)完形填空題的各種類型有一個(gè)深入的了解，探索一下該題型的設(shè)空規(guī)律是有必要的。 上下文直接信息題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間不存在詞義區(qū)別和用法比較?？忌鷳?yīng)著眼于對(duì)上下文信息的捕捉和對(duì)上下文暗示的領(lǐng)會(huì)。如下列“考題1”中的第7、 8、9 小題。 詞、句、文三結(jié)合理解題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是：其中某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入空白處會(huì)使句意不通或嚴(yán)重違背上下句意義的銜接或直接與短文內(nèi)容不符，考生在做這類題時(shí)要對(duì)各選項(xiàng)的詞義作準(zhǔn)確的把握。如下列“考題1”中的第4、 5小題。 詞義辨析題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是，各選項(xiàng)代入空中后該句的語(yǔ)法都是正確的，但

4、是句子出現(xiàn)了幾種不同的含義。在做這類題時(shí)，考生要認(rèn)真比較各詞之間的細(xì)微差別。如下列“考題1”中的第 1、 11、15小題。 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和固定短語(yǔ)考查題：考生在解答本類題時(shí)要注意句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)要正確：如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等；對(duì)固定短語(yǔ)要注意其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，如下列“考題 1”中的第 10 小題。 行文邏輯和全文中心把握題：本類題的設(shè)空特點(diǎn)是：把各選項(xiàng)中的對(duì)象代入空格中可導(dǎo)致上下文之間出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等。做本類題時(shí)，考生要注意全文的主線或脈絡(luò)，仔細(xì)分析上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而準(zhǔn)確地選出正確答案。如下列 “考題1”中的第2、 13小題。三完形填空解題技巧在做這類題的時(shí)候，希望考生一定

5、要牢記四個(gè)步驟，反復(fù)訓(xùn)練，使自己在短時(shí)間內(nèi)有一個(gè)比較好的成績(jī)。第一步就是通讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，第二步就是緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對(duì)比備選答案，第三步就是瞻前顧后，全文貫通, ，第四步就是復(fù)查核對(duì)，決定取舍。1 通讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意完形填空題不同于單項(xiàng)選擇填空題。單項(xiàng)填空題所給的是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)句子，根據(jù)本句或前后句就可以判定所選的答案。而完形填空題所給的是一篇意思完整的短文，所選的答案處在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做題前，必須先瀏覽全文，了解短文的大意，這是絕不可省的一步。2 . 緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對(duì)比備選答案完形填空所用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的主題句，往往在每段文章的首句，有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。主題

6、句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、大意等， 這是深入了解全文的“窗口 ”，甚至能以語(yǔ)句為立足點(diǎn)，從該句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣推測(cè)全文的主要內(nèi)容。分析時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1) 當(dāng)遇到一個(gè)需要填的詞時(shí)，首先要考慮這個(gè)詞在句子中的成分是什么？詞性是什么？(2) 如果需要填的是名詞，就要考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格形式。(3) 如果需要填的是形容詞或副詞，就應(yīng)考慮是用原級(jí)或是比較級(jí)，還是最高級(jí)。(4) 如果需要填的是動(dòng)詞，則要考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，人稱變化，語(yǔ)氣以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing 形式)的一般式，被動(dòng)式和完成式等。(5) 如果需要填空的是介詞，則要注意固定搭配的用法。(6) 如果需要填的是冠詞，則要注意是用不定冠

7、詞還是用定冠詞。(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型。3. 瞻前顧后，全文貫通短文中每個(gè)空白處的正確答案和氣上下文在意思上和結(jié)構(gòu)上都有這樣或那樣的必然聯(lián)系。一般說來，所選答案只有和上下文和結(jié)構(gòu)上都吻合的時(shí)候，才是正確答案。因此，必須注意上下的參照，連貫思考。如果答案一時(shí)確定不下來，切記不要耽誤太久，可暫放一邊，待其他答案選好之后，再回過頭來仔細(xì)推敲。試題所提供的短文可以說是一個(gè)整體，空白處所需要選的答案只是整體中的一部分。有時(shí)候，所選答案從局部看是可行的，但從整體看，不見的是最佳的答案。這時(shí)就要局部服從整體，從短文的整體內(nèi)容出發(fā)，重新選擇答案。對(duì)于那些拿不定主意或未能選答的空白，不要僅局限在與上下文

8、的對(duì)照上，要把視野擴(kuò)大到全文。有時(shí)一旦和整篇短文聯(lián)系起來，就可豁然開朗，很容易選出正確答案。4. 復(fù)查核對(duì)，決定取舍全部題目作完以后，要仔細(xì)考查核對(duì)。填完空白后，重讀全文，這也是解題過程中至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。此時(shí)考生對(duì)文章已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的了解，對(duì)文章的理解也就更進(jìn)了一步，也就摸清了文章內(nèi)在發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系。而如果在此時(shí)再讀一遍文章， 就有可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些其他原來沒有注意到的問題，也就能夠根據(jù)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解及內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系，反復(fù)推敲，比較異同，從而選擇一個(gè)更符合文章意義的答 案，其方法是：把短文連同所選答案細(xì)讀一遍，凡讀起來別扭或答案無(wú)確切把握的地方分別記下來，然后將每個(gè)空白處與其相對(duì)應(yīng)的四個(gè)答案逐一對(duì)

9、照，務(wù)求一一過關(guān)，避免遺漏。若發(fā)現(xiàn)原所選答案與復(fù)查時(shí)所選答案不同，不要急于涂改， 待認(rèn)真斟酌核實(shí)后，再?zèng)Q定取舍。另外，在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中，對(duì)每一篇完形填空均可重復(fù)作上幾遍，通過反復(fù)的練習(xí)， 不但可以牢固地掌握所學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而且能夠提高完形填空的應(yīng)試能力?！纠}解析】1.完形填空：閱讀下面短文，選出最佳答案：“Ring ring " the telephone suddenly rang. Sam got up 1o the call. It was his aunt. "Sam, 2 are you still at home? she asked surprisingly.

10、Sam 1ooked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m. “Ohmy goodness! There' sn important _3_ today, " Sam shouted out.He hurried to wash his face and get 4. He then went to the bus stop to go to school as fast as he could. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were 5 writing. “Whyare

11、 you so 6 ?” asked the teacher . “I ' smrry, sir, Sam answered, afraid of looking 7.“It wasy clock. It 8 to wake me up thismorning and .”“ Don't say anything about it,followedlsHeiache r Don' t tryto come late next time! ” Sam said yes and walked9o hiquickly. But when he tried to do the

12、paper, he could not think in a right way. He put his head on the deskand said,“What 00day it has been for me!1.A. findB. giveC. putD. answer2.A. whyB. howC. whenD. where3.A. talkB. partyC. examD. meeting4.A. tiredB. lostC. dressedD. rested5.A. worriedB. freeC. busyD. careful6.A. lateB. illC. lonelyD

13、. ready7.A. downB. upC. outD. back8.A.happenedB. stoppedC. failedD. pointed9.A. roomB. tableC. seatD. teacher10.A. shortB. badC. happyD. usual【限時(shí)訓(xùn)練】(A)Jack is an English teacher at a college . He moved to New York City with 41 family . Jack is an excellent teacher. So we all missed him very much sin

14、ce he 42 . Two weeks ago, Jack came back to North Carolina for a short visit. The teachers and students held a small 43for him .At the party . I certainly would not 44 that good chance to learn English. So I tried to think of all kinds of topics to talk 45 Grace, another English teacher.Suddenly I h

15、eard Jack say to others 46 , “I dig New York! ” I immediately asked Grace, "Is it really difficult to find a job in New York?" W47dodoJacvywork since he is such a good teacher? ''“Why do you think that? ” Grace asked me''Haveiyout heard him 48 that he is digging New York? I

16、s he building an underground passage? " I .askedWhen she finally realized what I meant, Grace laughed to tears. She then asked us 49 we knew the meaning of “I dig New York “ All of us shook our 50 . So GraceIt turns out thatasked Jack to explain it?I dig New York “ means “ I love New York "

17、; inAmerican slang(B；.hisC. himselfB.leavesC. leaveB. partyC. lectureB.call upC. give upB.atC. ofB. sadlyC. loudlyB.had toC. has toB.sayC.speakB.whetherC. whatB.armsC. heads()41.A.he()42.A.left()43.A.meeting()44.A.look up()45.A.with()46.A.angrily()47.A.have to()48.A.talk()49.A.that()50.A.hands(B)Hav

18、e you ever done something silly that made you feel so embarrassed尷尬的)?Well, I had a really bad Saturday morning.I went shopping last week , 41 my way home, It began to rain . I quickly ran into a phone box _42 .I didn't have an umbrella . It was raining hard and I decided to _43_ in thephone box

19、 until it stopped._44 minutes later , I saw a young man walk up to the phone box , wearing a yellow raincoat and holding a tool box. I didn' t want to go out into45 e rthiepsone andpretended I was talking to someone . I thought he would go away , but he didn . He waited in the 46 rain, watching

20、me wave my hands about and act as if 1 was deep in conversation.47 , the rain stopped after about ten minutes. "OKMum ,“ I said loudly into the phone "I' ll see you later. Bye!” I put the phone down and went out 0bthe ph one' m sorry tokeep you 48 for so long ,“ I said to the man“O

21、hI don ' t want to use the phone,"h'vsepsedome to repair it It doesn ' t workMy face turned 49 and I quickly ran off with my head down. That was certainly the most embarrassing 50 of my life!()41. A. atB. onC. in()42. A. soB. andC. because()43. A. stayB. liveC. come()44. A. A fewB.

22、A littleC. A lot()45. A. looked upB. picked upC. turned up()46. A. bigB. strongC. heavy()47. A. LuckilyB. LuckC. Lucky()48. A. waitB. waitingC. waited()49. A. greenB. redC. white()50. A. chanceB. wayC. time(C)Everyone knows people need water. But do you know just how _41 water is to living things ?t

23、 havMaybe you feel lucky_42_your life isn ' t hard . But it doesn ' t mean that you don to worry about water. We all face serious water 43 .One of them is water pollution . All kinds of things from cars , factories , farms and homes 44 our rivers , lakes and oceans dirty . Polluted water is very bad _45_people to drink . And dirty water is bad for fish, _46. Now , 34 percent of all kinds of fish are dying out .How do cars and factories make our water dirty ? First, they pollute the air. Then, when it_