被動語態(tài)考點

1、-+透析中考英語語法被動語態(tài)考點【語態(tài)命題趨勢與預測】根據(jù)對語態(tài)部分全國各地中考試題的分析可知，今后該部分將是重點考查點之一。其考查重點為：1.被動語態(tài)在各個時態(tài)中的用法2.“get+過去分詞 ”結構的用法【考點詮釋】 一、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)由"be+過去分詞”構成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化，高考對被動語態(tài)的考查通常從以下九種時態(tài)人手。 1一般現(xiàn)在時 表示現(xiàn)在或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的被動動作時，用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)由"amisare+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by+實施者)”構成?！究祭?The 01ympk Games _every four y

2、ears. 北京市 A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d答案A 。解析考查被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)句意，“奧運會每四年舉行一次”可見須用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，故排除了B、C、D。In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings沈陽市A is giving B is given C will give D has given答案B。解析本題考查被動語態(tài)，句中a lot of enjoyment是動作的承受者。“在這次藝術展中，一些有趣的東西通

3、過中國國畫展示給外國朋友?！盩oday Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. 南京市A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught答案D。解析考查被動語態(tài)。物作主語，一般要考慮被動語態(tài)。但如果動詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動語態(tài)。 Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as "People's Writer".安徽省A. is re

4、garded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards答案A。解析 選用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，表示人們對這位偉大作家的愛戴。Usually computers _to search the Internet. 吉林省A. use B. are using C. are used D. used答案C 。解析從句子看，電腦作主語，是動作的承受者，所以用被動語態(tài)，故選C。7-Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. 長沙市A. clean B. cleans C

5、. is cleaned答案C。解析考查被動語態(tài)物作主語，一般要考慮被動語態(tài)。但如果動詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動語態(tài)。 2一般過去時【考點透視】表示過去某個時候發(fā)生的被動動作，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)由“waswere+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by+實施者)”構成?！究祭恳籇id you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.That's all because of the people and the factories around黃岡市A polluted B was po

6、lluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute答案B。解析考查被動語態(tài)。物作主語，一般要考慮被動語態(tài)。但如果動詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動語態(tài)。 -Our environment is getting worse than before. -You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保護)the earth since Earth Day哈爾濱市A. is started B. was started C. has

7、started答案B。 解析從句意：“自從地球日開始以來，人們已做了一些越來越有用的事保護環(huán)境?！笨芍暗厍蛉铡钡拈_始，要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，其構成為was started故選B。 We _into five groups to go to the old people's home. We did many things to cheer them up. 太原市A. divided B. are divided C. were divided答案C。解析本題主要考查被動語態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)句意及語境可推知空格處應用被動語態(tài)的形式。由后一句"We did many thi

8、ngs”可推斷，時態(tài)應該是一般過去時。因此選C。-I feel very happy that I _to be the host. （江西?。〤 -Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosenMany trees and flowers _ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden(重慶市)DAplant Bplanted Chave planted Dwere planted3一般將來時和過去將來時【考點透

9、視】表示從現(xiàn)在看將來發(fā)生的被動動作，用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)；表示從過去某個時候看今后將要發(fā)生的被動動作，用過去將來時的被動語態(tài)。一般將來時的被動語態(tài)由“willshall be+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by+實施者)或amisare going to be+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by+實施者)”構成；過去將來時的被動語態(tài)由"would be+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by+實施者)或waswere going to be+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by+實施者)”構成。【考例】Some famous paintings _in the hall next week. 廣東省A. will sh

10、ow B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown答案D。解析 本題綜合考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語為“一些名畫”，在此為動作“展出”的承受者，故應用被動語態(tài)，時間狀語為next week，是表示將來的時間狀語，所以句子時態(tài)是一般將來時，所以D項正確。A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . （天津人教四年制）BA. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives4現(xiàn)在完成時【考點透視】表示在過

11、去某個時候發(fā)生的被動動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且該動作的結果對現(xiàn)在造成影響，此時用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)由“hashave been+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by+實施者)”構成?！究祭?Great changes have taken place in this city. -Right. Many modern tall buildings have been _ these days. （武漢市）BA. turned upB. put upC. shown upD. fixed up5.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動結構Twelve-year-olds should not to dr

12、ive in China. 蘭州A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed答案：D。情態(tài)動詞用于被動結構為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。五、被動語態(tài)的特殊類型 被動語態(tài)的特殊類型主要有：1在被動語態(tài)中，有時用getbecome代替be，構成"getbecome+ 過去分詞”，這種用法多用于口語中，其后通常不跟by+實施者，它表示一種結果或狀態(tài)，而非動作；2含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，其結構為“情態(tài)動詞 +be done"； 3帶復合賓語句子的被動語態(tài)?！究祭? Do you often clean your classr

13、oom? （年湖南長沙）    Yes, our classroom _ every day. A. clean         B. cleans    C. is cleaned     D. Cleaned 答案為C。句中有every day，主語為our classroom，故要用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。【語法回顧】1一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)形式The classroom is cleaned

14、by us every day. 教室每天都由我們打掃。 Such songs are usually sung by girls. 這些歌通常是女孩子們唱的。 Russian is not taught in our school. 我們學校不教俄語。 Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有許多貨物運往國外嗎一般現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)形式Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse 這些嬰兒正由這個護士照看嗎？How is the new teaching met

15、hod being tried there 那里是怎樣試行這種新教學方法的？ 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)形式Many foreign films have been shown on TV since last month. 上個月以來，電視中播放了許多外國影片。The radio has not been turned on yet. 收音機還沒開。Has a new training centre been set up in our city?我們市上新的培訓中心建好了嗎？一般過去時的被動語態(tài)形式The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我

16、們打掃了。The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我兒子打破的。Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上種了許多樹嗎？一般過去進行時的被動語態(tài)形式The question was being discussed at the meeting yesterday afternoon.在昨天下午的會上正討論這個問題。At that time they were being shown how to run the machine.在那時，他們正演示如何操作這機器。過去將來時的被動語態(tài)形式He said th

17、at a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他說一個新的貿(mào)易中心將在市中心建起來。She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她問他們的計劃會不會得到仔細的考慮。 I wasn't told that I should be invited to the party. 沒人告訴我要被邀請出席晚會。過去完成時的被動語態(tài)形式His newly written novel had been translated

18、into English by the end of last month.上個月末，他剛寫的小說已被翻譯成了英語。She told me that she had been dismissed by her boss.  她告訴我，她的老板已把她解雇了。Her homework had not been finished when I got home. 我到家的時候，她的作業(yè)還沒有完成。一般將來時的被動語態(tài)形式If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 如果你違反校規(guī)，你將受到懲罰。 A new Hope School

19、 will be opened in our village. 我們家鄉(xiāng)將開辦一所新的希望學校。 In a few years' time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.過幾年以后，那些山上會長滿了樹。 情態(tài)動詞的被動式：主動句謂語如帶有情態(tài)動詞變成被動句時，應保留情態(tài)動詞謂語部分為：“情態(tài)動詞+助動詞be+過去分詞”。例如：Our classroom should be kept clean and tidy.我們的教室必須保持干凈清潔。A few of them can be cut each year for f

20、irewood。每年一些樹木被砍伐用作柴火。Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.每年都得種成千成萬株樹。被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句，須將第一個助動詞移至主語之前構成。否定句須在助動詞之后加構成。例如：Is the stamp used for sending letters? 郵票是用來發(fā)信的嗎？The knife isn't made of wood.這個小刀不是用木頭制做的。三、被動語態(tài)的用法。1、當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者指需要強調動作的承受者時，要用被動語態(tài)。例如：The co

21、tton is grown in that farm.那個農(nóng)場里種植棉花。2、我們關心動作的承受者但也關心動作的執(zhí)行者，要用被動語態(tài)。例如：Nahan was written by Lu Xun.吶喊是魯迅寫的。3、表示科學性及客觀性，在新聞報道和科技文章中用得較多。例如：Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.許多星星看不見，因為它們離我們太遙遠了。It was reported that the scientists were searching for new ways to solve the pro

22、blems.據(jù)報道科學家正在尋求解決這些問題的新途徑。常見的句型結構如下：It is （was）agreed（believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、決定、希望、認為）.It is（was） well known that.眾所周知It is（was ）taken for granted that.被視為當然It must be remembered that.務必記住.It mustnt be forgotten that.千萬別忘記.It is（was） said（reported，heard，told，suggested）that.據(jù)說（

23、報道、聽說、告知、建議.）四、主動形式表示被動意義英語中有主動和被動之分，并都以特定的形式出現(xiàn)。然而并非所有的主動句式都表示主動意義，有些句子形式是主動的，而意義卻是被動的。就其在英語中的具體運用，從以下幾個方面加以歸納。1、一些表示感覺、感官的連系動詞如：feel，sound，taste，look等后面接形容詞作表語，形式上是主動的， 意思上表示被動。例如：The mixture tasted terrible.這種混合液太難吃了。She sound nice. She has a beautiful voice.她唱得很好，她有一副好嗓子。Your father looks very an

24、gry. What's the matter? 你父親看起來很生氣，是怎么回事呢？2、有少數(shù)及物動詞（do, owe欠 ，cook, print, build）等，常用進行時態(tài)表示被動意思。例如：The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮。The book is printing.書在印刷中。3、一些表達事物行為、方式的動詞如：wash, sell, write, say, open等，習慣以主動形式表示被動的含義。因為這樣使用更簡潔，更符合英美人的習慣，尤其在口語中。例如：The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the w

25、eek before.這家商店相當新，因為在一星期前才開業(yè)。This kind of cloth washes very well.這種布料很好洗滌。The door opened and in came Mr. White.門開了，懷特先生走進來。The book sells well.這書很暢銷。4、表示“發(fā)生，進行”之類不及物動詞如：happen，last，take place， break out，go on， go by， move on等，以主動式表示被動含義。例如：You'd better wait and see what happens to him.你最好等著瞧他會

26、發(fā)生什么事。Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.大樓的第11層著火時，有500多人正在那幢樓上工作。Will the weather last long? 這種天氣會持續(xù)很久嗎？But many months went by and no one visited the island.可是一連許多月過去了，竟沒有人來光顧這個島嶼。5、有些“系動詞+分詞”的結構，意思上也接近被動結構。例如：He got wounded in a battle.他在一次戰(zhàn)斗中負

27、傷。 Many countries became liberated in the following months.接下來的數(shù)月中，許多國家獲得解放。6、be + 副詞或介詞短語，如be on， be on show， be on sale， be in（out of） sight， be under discussion等，這類副詞或介詞短語往往具有動詞含義，相當于被動語態(tài)表達的意義。例如：Summer wear is on sale.（=Summer wear is being sold.）夏季衣服正在出售。The film had been on for five minutes wh

28、en I got to the cinema.（=The film had been show when I got to the cinema.）我到電影院時電影已放映了五分鐘。The two canoes were almost out of sight.(=The two canoes could hardly been seen any more.)那兩只獨木舟幾乎看不到了。7、不定式作后置定語的結構。當作定語用的不定式除了被修飾的詞有動賓關系外，還與句子的主語或賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系，不定式須用主動形式表示被動含義。例如：Is there anything to say? 還有什么要

29、說的嗎？We have a lot of things to do.我們有許多事情要做。注意：若不定式與句子主語或賓語不存在邏輯上的主謂關系，只與所修飾的詞有動賓關系時，即只有動作的承受者，沒有動作的執(zhí)行者時，不定式應用被動式。例如：He has something to be told to you.他有事（要我）轉告你。Have you anything to be taken to him?你有什么東西（要我）帶給他嗎？8、be+形容詞+不定式結構。此結構的不定式與主語之間有邏輯上的動賓關系，因而不定式須用及物動詞或相當與及物動詞的短語動詞。因而此結構的形容詞大多數(shù)表示說話人對不定式動作

30、的看法態(tài)度或感受等。如difficult, easy, hard, interesting, pleasant, fit,等或表示主語人或物所具有的特征，如 ：nice，light，strong，beautiful，heavy等。形式上是主動的，意思上卻是被動的。例如：This text is very difficult to understand.這篇課文很難懂。The water is not fit to drink.這水不宜飲用。The man is very easy to get along with.那個人很容易相處。The room is comfortable to liv

31、e in.這房間住起來很舒服。9、當表示“需要”含義的動詞如：need, require, want等作謂語，其主語為物時，這類動詞后面的動名詞要用主動形式表示被動意思。例如：The house needs cleaning.(or: The house needs to be cleaned.)這房間需要打掃。My hair requires cutting.(or: My hair requires to be cut.)我需要理發(fā)。10、worth用作形容詞時，作表語，后面一般接動名詞的主動形式表示被動的意思。例如：This book is well worth reading.這本書很

32、值得一讀。11、be+形容詞結構。這類形容詞如：invisible， forgettable，comfortable等具有動詞含義的特點。因而常以主動形式表示被動含義。例如：Names and addresses are forgettable.(=Names and addresses are forgotten easily.)人名和地址易忘。12、there be句型中修飾主語的不定式，可用主動式表示被動含義。例如： There is nothing to do .(=I have nothing to do.)沒有事可做。There are questions to solve.(=

33、We have questions to solve.)有問題需要解決。13、be +不定式結構。這類結構如be to blame， to be let， be to seek等，具有的特點是作表語的不定式與句子的主語有邏輯上的動賓關系，因而以主動形式表示被動含義。例如：The house is to let.此房子要出租。I felt I was to blame.我覺得我應該受罰。A better way is (yet) to seek.還得找一種更好的辦法。14、某些固定詞組和句型，用主動形式卻表示被動意義。如add up (to), take place; catch on ( a

34、nail. etc.), turn out (to be), blow open, consist of, come out sth., remains to do sth. be to blame.等。例如：His whole schooling added up to no more than a year.他受到的學校教育加起來不過一年。Sorry, I can't go with you. Much work remains to do.對不起，我不能和你一起去，我還有許多工作要做。五、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法1） My aunt invited me to her dinne

35、r party. 主語 謂語 賓語 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主語 謂語 賓語2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. 主語 謂語 賓語 A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 主語 謂語 賓語1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。 2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be + 過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。 3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語，放在被動語

36、態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by 短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地點名詞，在被動語態(tài)中用in + 地點名詞作狀語。 六語態(tài)轉換時要注意的問題1. 把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. 我買了一臺新電腦。A new computer has been bought. 2. 含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 我叔叔在我生日時給我一件

37、禮物。I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. 裝有混合物的杯子傳給學生。My bike

38、was lent to her. 我的自行車借給她了。六、被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別： 一般說來，過去分詞作表語的結構與被動語態(tài)在形式上相同，所以容易混淆除了主要從意義上加以區(qū)別外，這里提供幾種辨別方法。 1從帶不帶 by 短語來區(qū)分 被動語態(tài)表主語的動作，絕大多數(shù)可以用by+動作的執(zhí)行者構成by短語；而系表結構表示主語的特征或所處的狀態(tài)，不表示動作。例如： The window was broken by his brother.窗子被他弟弟打破了。（被動語態(tài)） The window is now brother.窗子現(xiàn)在是破的。（系表結構） 注意：1）但并非有by短語都表示動作的執(zhí)行者。例如

39、： The house is surrounded by(with)trees and flowers.房子周圍都是樹木花草。（系表結構） 2）當然，過去分詞后的by短語有時可以表原因、方式。應與表示行為者區(qū)別開來。例如： The bank is usually closed at six銀行通常6點鐘就關門了。（被動語態(tài)） The door was shut when I went by，but I don't know when it was shut.我們那里走過的時候門是關著的，但我不只道是什么時候關的。（第一個was shut是系表結構，第二個was shut是被動語態(tài)） O

40、ur blackboard is painted every year.我們的黑板每年漆一次。（被動語態(tài) ） Our blackboard is newly painted.我們的黑板新漆的。（系表結構） 3）在沒有狀語的情況下，就得根據(jù)上下文的意思來判斷。例如： The criminal was pushed into the cell and the door was closed.罪犯被推進牢房，門立刻關上了（被動語態(tài)） The door was closed, we couldn't get in.門是關著的，我們進不去。（系表結構） 2系表結構一般只用于一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時

41、；而被動語態(tài)除了用于這兩種時態(tài)外，還可以用于將來時、進行時和完成時。例如： The shop is (was)opened.商店正在營業(yè)。（系表結構） The work is being done.這工作正在做。（被動語態(tài)）Yesterday when I got there, the ship was being loaded.昨天我到達那里時，船正在裝貨。 Their work had been finished by the end of last month.他們的工作上月底已經(jīng)完成。 You'll be shown around you room.有人會帶你去看你的房門的。

42、He said the library would soon be built.他說圖書館很快就要修起來。3系表結構中的過去分詞可被very修飾，被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞須用much修飾。例如：He was very agitated.他很激動。（系表結構）He was much agitated by the news. 他聽到消息后很激動。（被動結構）4be+不及物動詞的過去分詞通常是系表結構，如：be gone, be learned, be ashamed這些動詞通常是表示狀態(tài)，智力活動或心態(tài)的動詞。be+延續(xù)性動詞的過去分詞通常是被動語態(tài)，如：be loved, be encourage

43、d, be praised 等?！菊Z法過關】1Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.    Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. dont tell        B. didnt tell      C. havent told     D. wasnt told2Many old houses

44、 around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull down B. will be pulled downC. will pull down D. are pulled down3- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped4-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invited D. didnt invite5- How often _ your school sports meeting _? - Once a year.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold 6On May 30th, , one