被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)

1、-+透析中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)【語(yǔ)態(tài)命題趨勢(shì)與預(yù)測(cè)】根據(jù)對(duì)語(yǔ)態(tài)部分全國(guó)各地中考試題的分析可知，今后該部分將是重點(diǎn)考查點(diǎn)之一。其考查重點(diǎn)為：1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)中的用法2.“get+過(guò)去分詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法【考點(diǎn)詮釋】 一、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化，高考對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查通常從以下九種時(shí)態(tài)人手。 1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示現(xiàn)在或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"amisare+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+實(shí)施者)”構(gòu)成。【考例1The 01ympk Games _every four y

2、ears. 北京市 A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d答案A 。解析考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)句意，“奧運(yùn)會(huì)每四年舉行一次”可見(jiàn)須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故排除了B、C、D。In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings沈陽(yáng)市A is giving B is given C will give D has given答案B。解析本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，句中a lot of enjoyment是動(dòng)作的承受者?！霸谶@次藝術(shù)展中，一些有趣的東西通

3、過(guò)中國(guó)國(guó)畫(huà)展示給外國(guó)朋友?！盩oday Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. 南京市A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught答案D。解析考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。物作主語(yǔ)，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as "People's Writer".安徽省A. is re

4、garded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards答案A。解析 選用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示人們對(duì)這位偉大作家的愛(ài)戴。Usually computers _to search the Internet. 吉林省A. use B. are using C. are used D. used答案C 。解析從句子看，電腦作主語(yǔ)，是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選C。7-Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. 長(zhǎng)沙市A. clean B. cleans C

5、. is cleaned答案C。解析考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)物作主語(yǔ)，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2一般過(guò)去時(shí)【考點(diǎn)透視】表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“waswere+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+實(shí)施者)”構(gòu)成?！究祭恳籇id you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.That's all because of the people and the factories around黃岡市A polluted B was po

6、lluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute答案B。解析考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。物作主語(yǔ)，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 -Our environment is getting worse than before. -You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保護(hù))the earth since Earth Day哈爾濱市A. is started B. was started C. has

7、started答案B。 解析從句意：“自從地球日開(kāi)始以來(lái)，人們已做了一些越來(lái)越有用的事保護(hù)環(huán)境?！笨芍暗厍蛉铡钡拈_(kāi)始，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為was started故選B。 We _into five groups to go to the old people's home. We did many things to cheer them up. 太原市A. divided B. are divided C. were divided答案C。解析本題主要考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)句意及語(yǔ)境可推知空格處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式。由后一句"We did many thi

8、ngs”可推斷，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。因此選C。-I feel very happy that I _to be the host. （江西省）C -Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosenMany trees and flowers _ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden(重慶市)DAplant Bplanted Chave planted Dwere planted3一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)【考點(diǎn)透

9、視】表示從現(xiàn)在看將來(lái)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候看今后將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“willshall be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+實(shí)施者)或amisare going to be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+實(shí)施者)”構(gòu)成；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"would be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+實(shí)施者)或waswere going to be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+實(shí)施者)”構(gòu)成?！究祭縎ome famous paintings _in the hall next week. 廣東省A. will sh

10、ow B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown答案D。解析 本題綜合考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)為“一些名畫(huà)”，在此為動(dòng)作“展出”的承受者，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為next week，是表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以句子時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，所以D項(xiàng)正確。A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . （天津人教四年制）BA. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)【考點(diǎn)透視】表示在過(guò)

11、去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且該動(dòng)作的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響，此時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“hashave been+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+實(shí)施者)”構(gòu)成。【考例】-Great changes have taken place in this city. -Right. Many modern tall buildings have been _ these days. （武漢市）BA. turned upB. put upC. shown upD. fixed up5.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)Twelve-year-olds should not to dr

12、ive in China. 蘭州A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed答案：D。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞。五、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊類型 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊類型主要有：1在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，有時(shí)用getbecome代替be，構(gòu)成"getbecome+ 過(guò)去分詞”，這種用法多用于口語(yǔ)中，其后通常不跟by+實(shí)施者，它表示一種結(jié)果或狀態(tài)，而非動(dòng)作；2含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be done"； 3帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！究祭? Do you often clean your classr

13、oom? （年湖南長(zhǎng)沙）    Yes, our classroom _ every day. A. clean         B. cleans    C. is cleaned     D. Cleaned 答案為C。句中有every day，主語(yǔ)為our classroom，故要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【語(yǔ)法回顧】1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式The classroom is cleaned

14、by us every day. 教室每天都由我們打掃。 Such songs are usually sung by girls. 這些歌通常是女孩子們唱的。 Russian is not taught in our school. 我們學(xué)校不教俄語(yǔ)。 Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有許多貨物運(yùn)往國(guó)外嗎一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse 這些嬰兒正由這個(gè)護(hù)士照看嗎？How is the new teaching met

15、hod being tried there 那里是怎樣試行這種新教學(xué)方法的？ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式Many foreign films have been shown on TV since last month. 上個(gè)月以來(lái)，電視中播放了許多外國(guó)影片。The radio has not been turned on yet. 收音機(jī)還沒(méi)開(kāi)。Has a new training centre been set up in our city?我們市上新的培訓(xùn)中心建好了嗎？一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我

16、們打掃了。The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我兒子打破的。Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上種了許多樹(shù)嗎？一般過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式The question was being discussed at the meeting yesterday afternoon.在昨天下午的會(huì)上正討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。At that time they were being shown how to run the machine.在那時(shí)，他們正演示如何操作這機(jī)器。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式He said th

17、at a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他說(shuō)一個(gè)新的貿(mào)易中心將在市中心建起來(lái)。She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她問(wèn)他們的計(jì)劃會(huì)不會(huì)得到仔細(xì)的考慮。 I wasn't told that I should be invited to the party. 沒(méi)人告訴我要被邀請(qǐng)出席晚會(huì)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式His newly written novel had been translated

18、into English by the end of last month.上個(gè)月末，他剛寫(xiě)的小說(shuō)已被翻譯成了英語(yǔ)。She told me that she had been dismissed by her boss.  她告訴我，她的老板已把她解雇了。Her homework had not been finished when I got home. 我到家的時(shí)候，她的作業(yè)還沒(méi)有完成。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 如果你違反校規(guī)，你將受到懲罰。 A new Hope School

19、 will be opened in our village. 我們家鄉(xiāng)將開(kāi)辦一所新的希望學(xué)校。 In a few years' time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.過(guò)幾年以后，那些山上會(huì)長(zhǎng)滿了樹(shù)。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式：主動(dòng)句謂語(yǔ)如帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)保留情態(tài)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)部分為：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞”。例如：Our classroom should be kept clean and tidy.我們的教室必須保持干凈清潔。A few of them can be cut each year for f

20、irewood。每年一些樹(shù)木被砍伐用作柴火。Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.每年都得種成千成萬(wàn)株樹(shù)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)句，須將第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)之前構(gòu)成。否定句須在助動(dòng)詞之后加構(gòu)成。例如：Is the stamp used for sending letters? 郵票是用來(lái)發(fā)信的嗎？The knife isn't made of wood.這個(gè)小刀不是用木頭制做的。三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。1、當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者指需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：The co

21、tton is grown in that farm.那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)里種植棉花。2、我們關(guān)心動(dòng)作的承受者但也關(guān)心動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：Nahan was written by Lu Xun.吶喊是魯迅寫(xiě)的。3、表示科學(xué)性及客觀性，在新聞報(bào)道和科技文章中用得較多。例如：Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.許多星星看不見(jiàn)，因?yàn)樗鼈冸x我們太遙遠(yuǎn)了。It was reported that the scientists were searching for new ways to solve the pro

22、blems.據(jù)報(bào)道科學(xué)家正在尋求解決這些問(wèn)題的新途徑。常見(jiàn)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)如下：It is （was）agreed（believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、決定、希望、認(rèn)為）.It is（was） well known that.眾所周知It is（was ）taken for granted that.被視為當(dāng)然It must be remembered that.務(wù)必記住.It mustnt be forgotten that.千萬(wàn)別忘記.It is（was） said（reported，heard，told，suggested）that.據(jù)說(shuō)（

23、報(bào)道、聽(tīng)說(shuō)、告知、建議.）四、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義英語(yǔ)中有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)之分，并都以特定的形式出現(xiàn)。然而并非所有的主動(dòng)句式都表示主動(dòng)意義，有些句子形式是主動(dòng)的，而意義卻是被動(dòng)的。就其在英語(yǔ)中的具體運(yùn)用，從以下幾個(gè)方面加以歸納。1、一些表示感覺(jué)、感官的連系動(dòng)詞如：feel，sound，taste，look等后面接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，形式上是主動(dòng)的， 意思上表示被動(dòng)。例如：The mixture tasted terrible.這種混合液太難吃了。She sound nice. She has a beautiful voice.她唱得很好，她有一副好嗓子。Your father looks very an

24、gry. What's the matter? 你父親看起來(lái)很生氣，是怎么回事呢？2、有少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞（do, owe欠 ，cook, print, build）等，常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意思。例如：The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮。The book is printing.書(shū)在印刷中。3、一些表達(dá)事物行為、方式的動(dòng)詞如：wash, sell, write, say, open等，習(xí)慣以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的含義。因?yàn)檫@樣使用更簡(jiǎn)潔，更符合英美人的習(xí)慣，尤其在口語(yǔ)中。例如：The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the w

25、eek before.這家商店相當(dāng)新，因?yàn)樵谝恍瞧谇安砰_(kāi)業(yè)。This kind of cloth washes very well.這種布料很好洗滌。The door opened and in came Mr. White.門(mén)開(kāi)了，懷特先生走進(jìn)來(lái)。The book sells well.這書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo)。4、表示“發(fā)生，進(jìn)行”之類不及物動(dòng)詞如：happen，last，take place， break out，go on， go by， move on等，以主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：You'd better wait and see what happens to him.你最好等著瞧他會(huì)

26、發(fā)生什么事。Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.大樓的第11層著火時(shí)，有500多人正在那幢樓上工作。Will the weather last long? 這種天氣會(huì)持續(xù)很久嗎？But many months went by and no one visited the island.可是一連許多月過(guò)去了，竟沒(méi)有人來(lái)光顧這個(gè)島嶼。5、有些“系動(dòng)詞+分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，意思上也接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：He got wounded in a battle.他在一次戰(zhàn)斗中負(fù)

27、傷。 Many countries became liberated in the following months.接下來(lái)的數(shù)月中，許多國(guó)家獲得解放。6、be + 副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如be on， be on show， be on sale， be in（out of） sight， be under discussion等，這類副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)往往具有動(dòng)詞含義，相當(dāng)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)的意義。例如：Summer wear is on sale.（=Summer wear is being sold.）夏季衣服正在出售。The film had been on for five minutes wh

28、en I got to the cinema.（=The film had been show when I got to the cinema.）我到電影院時(shí)電影已放映了五分鐘。The two canoes were almost out of sight.(=The two canoes could hardly been seen any more.)那兩只獨(dú)木舟幾乎看不到了。7、不定式作后置定語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)用的不定式除了被修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系外，還與句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不定式須用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：Is there anything to say? 還有什么要

29、說(shuō)的嗎？We have a lot of things to do.我們有許多事情要做。注意：若不定式與句子主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，只與所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，即只有動(dòng)作的承受者，沒(méi)有動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，不定式應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式。例如：He has something to be told to you.他有事（要我）轉(zhuǎn)告你。Have you anything to be taken to him?你有什么東西（要我）帶給他嗎？8、be+形容詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。此結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式與主語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因而不定式須用及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)與及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。因而此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞大多數(shù)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)不定式動(dòng)作

30、的看法態(tài)度或感受等。如difficult, easy, hard, interesting, pleasant, fit,等或表示主語(yǔ)人或物所具有的特征，如 ：nice，light，strong，beautiful，heavy等。形式上是主動(dòng)的，意思上卻是被動(dòng)的。例如：This text is very difficult to understand.這篇課文很難懂。The water is not fit to drink.這水不宜飲用。The man is very easy to get along with.那個(gè)人很容易相處。The room is comfortable to liv

31、e in.這房間住起來(lái)很舒服。9、當(dāng)表示“需要”含義的動(dòng)詞如：need, require, want等作謂語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，這類動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)名詞要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思。例如：The house needs cleaning.(or: The house needs to be cleaned.)這房間需要打掃。My hair requires cutting.(or: My hair requires to be cut.)我需要理發(fā)。10、worth用作形容詞時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)，后面一般接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意思。例如：This book is well worth reading.這本書(shū)很

32、值得一讀。11、be+形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)。這類形容詞如：invisible， forgettable，comfortable等具有動(dòng)詞含義的特點(diǎn)。因而常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：Names and addresses are forgettable.(=Names and addresses are forgotten easily.)人名和地址易忘。12、there be句型中修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式，可用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如： There is nothing to do .(=I have nothing to do.)沒(méi)有事可做。There are questions to solve.(=

33、We have questions to solve.)有問(wèn)題需要解決。13、be +不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。這類結(jié)構(gòu)如be to blame， to be let， be to seek等，具有的特點(diǎn)是作表語(yǔ)的不定式與句子的主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因而以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：The house is to let.此房子要出租。I felt I was to blame.我覺(jué)得我應(yīng)該受罰。A better way is (yet) to seek.還得找一種更好的辦法。14、某些固定詞組和句型，用主動(dòng)形式卻表示被動(dòng)意義。如add up (to), take place; catch on ( a

34、nail. etc.), turn out (to be), blow open, consist of, come out sth., remains to do sth. be to blame.等。例如：His whole schooling added up to no more than a year.他受到的學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)不過(guò)一年。Sorry, I can't go with you. Much work remains to do.對(duì)不起，我不能和你一起去，我還有許多工作要做。五、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法1） My aunt invited me to her dinne

35、r party. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。 2.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be + 過(guò)去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。 3.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

36、態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，by 短語(yǔ)可以省略。如果原句主語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用in + 地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語(yǔ)。 六語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意的問(wèn)題1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. 我買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。A new computer has been bought. 2. 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 我叔叔在我生日時(shí)給我一件

37、禮物。I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說(shuō)：A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. 裝有混合物的杯子傳給學(xué)生。My bike

38、was lent to her. 我的自行車(chē)借給她了。六、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別： 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在形式上相同，所以容易混淆除了主要從意義上加以區(qū)別外，這里提供幾種辨別方法。 1從帶不帶 by 短語(yǔ)來(lái)區(qū)分 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，絕大多數(shù)可以用by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者構(gòu)成by短語(yǔ)；而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特征或所處的狀態(tài)，不表示動(dòng)作。例如： The window was broken by his brother.窗子被他弟弟打破了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） The window is now brother.窗子現(xiàn)在是破的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） 注意：1）但并非有by短語(yǔ)都表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如

39、： The house is surrounded by(with)trees and flowers.房子周?chē)际菢?shù)木花草。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） 2）當(dāng)然，過(guò)去分詞后的by短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以表原因、方式。應(yīng)與表示行為者區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。例如： The bank is usually closed at six銀行通常6點(diǎn)鐘就關(guān)門(mén)了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） The door was shut when I went by，but I don't know when it was shut.我們那里走過(guò)的時(shí)候門(mén)是關(guān)著的，但我不只道是什么時(shí)候關(guān)的。（第一個(gè)was shut是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)was shut是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） O

40、ur blackboard is painted every year.我們的黑板每年漆一次。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ） Our blackboard is newly painted.我們的黑板新漆的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） 3）在沒(méi)有狀語(yǔ)的情況下，就得根據(jù)上下文的意思來(lái)判斷。例如： The criminal was pushed into the cell and the door was closed.罪犯被推進(jìn)牢房，門(mén)立刻關(guān)上了（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） The door was closed, we couldn't get in.門(mén)是關(guān)著的，我們進(jìn)不去。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） 2系表結(jié)構(gòu)一般只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

41、；而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除了用于這兩種時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于將來(lái)時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)。例如： The shop is (was)opened.商店正在營(yíng)業(yè)。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） The work is being done.這工作正在做。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Yesterday when I got there, the ship was being loaded.昨天我到達(dá)那里時(shí)，船正在裝貨。 Their work had been finished by the end of last month.他們的工作上月底已經(jīng)完成。 You'll be shown around you room.有人會(huì)帶你去看你的房門(mén)的。

42、He said the library would soon be built.他說(shuō)圖書(shū)館很快就要修起來(lái)。3系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞可被very修飾，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞須用much修飾。例如：He was very agitated.他很激動(dòng)。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）He was much agitated by the news. 他聽(tīng)到消息后很激動(dòng)。（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）4be+不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞通常是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如：be gone, be learned, be ashamed這些動(dòng)詞通常是表示狀態(tài)，智力活動(dòng)或心態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。be+延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞通常是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：be loved, be encourage

43、d, be praised 等?！菊Z(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)】1Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.    Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. dont tell        B. didnt tell      C. havent told     D. wasnt told2Many old houses

44、 around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull down B. will be pulled downC. will pull down D. are pulled down3- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped4-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invited D. didnt invite5- How often _ your school sports meeting _? - Once a year.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold 6On May 30th, , one