【課件】Unit1DiscoveringUsefulStructures課件高中英語人教版必修第二冊

1、Describe people or things in greater detailRestrictive relative clauses 1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, 2. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.3.

2、, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.4. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, attributive clauses introduced by _ relative pronounsattributive clauses introduced by _ relative adverbs

3、Have aP6 1 We have learned attributive clauses introduced by relative pronouns and relative adverbs in the last book. Now, lets make a review.定語從句(3)限制性定語從句Restrictive relative clauses指代內容指代內容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose關系代詞的用法關系代詞的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人( (人人/ /物物) )的的主語主語, ,賓語賓語主語主語, ,賓語賓語主語主語,

4、,賓語賓語賓語賓語定語定語作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省可省不可省不可省用法用法1. 先行詞為先行詞為all， everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much等不定代詞等不定代詞2. 先行詞被先行詞被序數詞序數詞或或最高級最高級修飾修飾3. 先行詞先行詞既有人又有物既有人又有物4. 先行詞被先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the last，just，right等修飾等修飾5. 先行詞是先行詞是who或或which引導的主句中引導的

5、主句中先行詞是先行詞是one，ones，anybody，anyone，all，none，those等等一般一般用用that而而不用不用which一般一般用用who不用不用thattime修飾時間修飾時間/抽象時間抽象時間place修飾地點修飾地點/抽象地點抽象地點reason修飾原因修飾原因whywhere whenFunctionReferring toThe relative adverb (關系副詞關系副詞)關系副詞的用法關系副詞的用法1. Animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese pe

6、ople.2. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connected with its past.3. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.4. We thought you were such a person from whom we could expect good decisions.Pay attention to the circled words.

7、attributive clauses introduced by _ a preposition + which/whom Now lets learn more about attributive clauses introduced by a preposition + which/whom. 在限制性定語從句中，除了用在限制性定語從句中，除了用常見的常見的關系代詞或關系副詞關系代詞或關系副詞來引導來引導定語從句外，當定語從句外，當關系代詞關系代詞which，whom在定語從句中作在定語從句中作介詞的賓語介詞的賓語時，從句可由時，從句可由“介詞介詞+which/whom”引出。引出。1.

8、 The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.2. He is a learned man with whom we are familiar.當先行詞是當先行詞是表人表人的名詞或代詞時，可的名詞或代詞時，可由由“介詞介詞+whom”引導從句引導從句。1. The city in which she lives is far away. 2. The English play in which my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.當先行詞是當先行詞是表事物表事物的名詞或代詞時

9、，可的名詞或代詞時，可由由“介詞介詞+which”引導從句。引導從句。在在“介詞介詞+ +關系代詞關系代詞”結構中，結構中，如何準確地選擇介詞呢？如何準確地選擇介詞呢？This is the book _ which I got the story.由于句意含有由于句意含有“從從”的意思，的意思，所以用介詞所以用介詞 from。from確定介詞原則一：確定介詞原則一：根據主從句之間的意思確定所需介詞。根據主從句之間的意思確定所需介詞。This road will take me to the place _ which I belong.根據大意，從句意為根據大意，從句意為“我屬于的地方我屬于

10、的地方”。根據短語根據短語“belong to”可知空格處應填可知空格處應填 to。to確定介詞原則二：確定介詞原則二：根據從句動詞、形容詞等構成的短語確定所需根據從句動詞、形容詞等構成的短語確定所需介詞。介詞。Jack is the very person _ I will turn when in trouble.據題干大意，從句意為據題干大意，從句意為“我遇到困難可以我遇到困難可以求助的人求助的人”。“求助求助”即即“turn to”，又因，又因先行詞指人，故答案為先行詞指人，故答案為 “to whom”。to whomThe song often takes me back to th

11、e day when the accident happened. The song often takes me back to the day _ which the accident happened.據第一句可知，第二句中據第一句可知，第二句中which用來指先用來指先行詞行詞“the day”，在從句中意為，在從句中意為“在這在這天天”，故填介詞，故填介詞“on”。確定介詞原則三：確定介詞原則三：根據先行詞確定所需介詞。根據先行詞確定所需介詞。on“介詞介詞+關系代詞關系代詞”結構往往可以結構往往可以和關系副詞互換和關系副詞互換。1. Ill never forget the day

12、 when I joined the league.2. This is the house where I lived two years ago.3. There are many reasons why people like traveling. when =表時間的介詞表時間的介詞(in, on, at, during等等)+which=on which (=on the day)where =表地點的介詞表地點的介詞(in, at, on, under等等) +which=in which (=in the house)why=表原因的介詞表原因的介詞 for+ which=for

13、 which (=for the reasons)1. I met the child (whom) I looked after ten years ago.我遇到了十年前我照料過的那個孩子。我遇到了十年前我照料過的那個孩子。2. This is the pen (that/which) you are looking for.這是你正在找的鋼筆。這是你正在找的鋼筆。定語從句的謂語如果是以介詞結尾的動詞定語從句的謂語如果是以介詞結尾的動詞固定短語，則不可把介詞移至從句之首，固定短語，則不可把介詞移至從句之首，如如 hear from，look after， look for等。等。注意：注意

14、：另外，當關系代詞作另外，當關系代詞作動詞的間接賓語動詞的間接賓語時，用時，用to或或for。1. Who is the girl (that) he gave the flower to?2. The lady (whom/that) I wrote the poem for was my sister.1. I still remember the day _ I came here. A. on which B. that C. when D. at which 2. This is the house _ I lived last year. A. that B. where B. i

15、n which D. at which多選。多選。Exercise The morning in which my dog got lost was in my mind forever.改錯。改錯。解析：在具體某天的早上、下午等時刻解析：在具體某天的早上、下午等時刻前的介詞應用前的介詞應用on，即，即on the morning.onDiscovering Useful StructuresTemples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put together again

16、 in a place where they were safe from the water. 一個免被水淹的地方關系副詞引導的定語從句The templesThe Nile課文原句再現課文原句再現Discovering Useful StructuresAfter listening to the scientists who had studied the problem and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turened to the United Nations for help.研究了這個問題的科學家住在大壩附近的

17、民眾關系代詞引導的定語從句scientistscitizensDiscovering Useful StructuresThe spitit of the Aswan Dam is still alive today. Perhaps the best example is shown by the UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. 聯合國教科文組織，該組織實施了一項計劃非限定性定語從句Discovering

18、 Useful StructuresWater from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypts cultural heritage.大壩流出的水可能會損壞一些寺廟，并摧毀很多作為埃及文化遺產重要組成部分的文物。沒用逗號隔開的定語從句為限定性定語從句。P6 2Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses. I have downloaded that free ap

19、p, but it doesnt work well. The free app (that/which) I have downloaded doesnt work well.1. He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.The photo _ _.(that/which) he showed me in his roomwas of a famous cultural relic in Egypt2. The project team helped protec

20、t the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. It was formed by members from fifteen countries.The project team _ _.fifteen countries helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzaniawhose members were from 3. This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.The time _

21、 _.when this temple was first built was during the Qin Dynasty4. We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.The professional archaeologist _ _.(who/whom) we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid e

22、xplained to us the process of building such a difficult structure6. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.5. The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk. I found them yesterday.The place _

23、 _.the cultural relics from overseas yesterday is under the deskwhere I found those documents about The reason _ _.why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generationP6 3One asks the questions below and the other answers them w

24、ith relative clauses. EXAMPLEA: What is an exit?B: An exit is the door where/through which you can leave a building.1. Whats a library? (from/in which; where) 2. Whats a good friend? (to whom; who)3. Whats a vacation? (during which; when) 4. Whats a football coach? (from whom; who)Possible answers:1

25、. A: Whats a library? (from/in which; where) B1: A library is a place from/in which you can borrow books.B2: A library is a place where you can borrow books. 2. A: Whats a good friend? (to whom; who)B1: A good friend is someone to whom you can tell your problems.B2: A good friend is someone who you

26、can tell your problems.3. A: Whats a vacation? (during which; when) B1: A vacation is a time during which you dont work. B2: A vacation is a time when you dont work. 4. A: Whats a football coach? (from whom; who)B1: A football coach is someone from whom football players receive training.B2: A footba

27、ll coach is someone who trains football players.1. A: Whats a giraffe? B: A giraffe is an animal that has a long neck.2. A: Whats a dentist? B: A dentist is someone who looks after your teeth.For example:Now work out two more questions of your own.“介詞介詞+ +關系代詞關系代詞”引導的定語從句引導的定語從句介詞的確定：介詞的確定：1. 由主從句的句

28、意決定；由主從句的句意決定；2. 由從句動詞、形容詞等構成的固由從句動詞、形容詞等構成的固 定短語確定；定短語確定；3.根據先行詞確定所需介詞。根據先行詞確定所需介詞。結構：結構：介詞介詞+which(指物指物)/介詞介詞+whom(指人指人). 實戰(zhàn)高考實戰(zhàn)高考He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper _ _ hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction. (2019(2019課標全國卷課標

29、全國卷閱讀理解閱讀理解 C C篇篇) )with whom他喜歡能坐著安靜地看手機，或者如果他想他喜歡能坐著安靜地看手機，或者如果他想和別人有點交流的話，就和他能直呼其名的和別人有點交流的話，就和他能直呼其名的服務生聊上幾句。服務生聊上幾句。1. 根據句意填空。根據句意填空。2. (2019(2019浙江卷浙江卷) ) On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark.3. We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best ch

30、ance of coming true.（20192019江蘇卷）江蘇卷）A. which B. what C. when D. thatthat/which. 用適當的關系詞填空。用適當的關系詞填空。1. The mountain _ we climbed yesterday is the highest mountain in Britain.2. An architect is a person _ designs buildings.3. The bar in Barcelona _ I met my best friend is still there.4. The summer _

31、 I graduated from university was long and hot.5. Jane told me the reason _ she was not in favour of revising the plan.why/for which that/which who/thatwhere/in which when/in which6. My sister worked for a man _ used to be an athlete.7. As for me, I have joined an organization in our city _ purpose i

32、s to call on people to protect wild animals.8. A corkscrew is a thing _ you use to open bottles.9. The day _ the concert takes place is Sunday.10. The city _ the basketball player lives is San Francisco.where/in whichwho/thatwhosewhich/thatwhen/on which . 根據漢語完成句子根據漢語完成句子。1. This is the engineer _ _

33、 ( (給我們作關于計算機報告的給我們作關于計算機報告的) ) the other day.2. My necklace is not _ _( (唯一不見的東西唯一不見的東西) ).3. The man _( (在這間房子里工作在這間房子里工作 的的) )is an English teacher.4. The old building _( (我們住的我們住的) ) has been here for 30 years.5. The history book _ (封皮封皮 是黃的是黃的) was lost.who gave us a talk about computersthe onl

34、y thing thats who works in the room(that/which) we live inwhose cover is yellowmissing6. Here is the pen _( (你昨天你昨天 丟失的丟失的) ).7. This is the best book _ ( (我讀過的我讀過的) ).8. I have lost the pen _ _ (我父親給我買的我父親給我買的) ).9. Wheat is a plant _ _（中國北方種植的（中國北方種植的) ).10. I dont like the people _ _( (說得多說得多, ,做

35、得少的做得少的) ). (that) you lost yesterday(that) I have ever read(which/that) my father which/that is grown who talk too much bought mein the north of Chinabut do littleDiscovering Useful Structures常見錯誤一：把作主語的關系代詞省略常見錯誤一：把作主語的關系代詞省略According to the islanders, the finished statues were moved by those had magic powers.who常見錯誤二：混淆定語從句和名詞性從句常見錯誤二：混淆定語從句和名詞性從句This is that he told me the