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1、第 12章 名詞一. 概念名詞是表示人 , 事物 , 地點或抽象概念的名稱的詞 , 有專有名詞和普通名詞之分 , 還有可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞之分 .二. 相關(guān)知識點精講. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 此處圖片未下載成功 此處圖片未下載成功 2. 其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化)以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,或元音字母y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。 例如:Marysthe Henrys-monkeysholiday-holidays)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時:.力卩s,如: photo-photospiano-pianos-radioszoo-zoos;.力Fes,如:potato-potatoestomato-t

2、omatoes. 上述a和b兩種方法均可,女口 zero-zeros / zeroes 。)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時:.力卩s,如: belief-beliefsroof-roofs-safesgulf-gulfs;.去f,fe 加ves,如:half-halves-knives leaf-leaveswolf-wolves-wives life-livesthief-thieves;. 上述 a和 b兩種方法均可,女口 handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化) child-childrenfoot-feettoo

3、th-teeth-mice man-menwoman-women注意:由一個詞加 man或 womans成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women 女口 an En glishma n ,two En glishme n。但 Germa不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germa ns Bowma是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是 the Bowmans。) 單復(fù)同形,如 deer ,sheep, fish , Chinese, Japanese ,li ,jin , yuan, two li , three mu ,four jin 等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。女口: a dol

4、lar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 。)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復(fù)數(shù)。例如:police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說 a people , a police , a cattle ,但 可以說 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English ,the British , the French , the Chinese , the Japanese , the Swiss 等名詞,表示國民總稱 時,作復(fù)數(shù)用,如 The Chinese are industries and brave

5、. 中國人民是勤勞勇 敢的。)以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如:. maths , politics , physics 等學(xué)科名詞,一般是不可數(shù)名詞,為單數(shù)。. news 為不可數(shù)名詞。. the United States , the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。United Nations was organized in 1945.聯(lián)合國是 1945年組建起來的。. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù)。例如:"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有

6、趣的故事書。) 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如: glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes 等, 若表達具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對,雙) ; suit (套) ; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。)另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思,女口: goods貨物,waters 水域, fishes (各種)魚。不可數(shù)名詞量的表示 )物質(zhì)名詞. 當物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個體名詞時為可數(shù)比較: Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一種食物。 (不可數(shù))cakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。 (可

7、數(shù)). 當物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時,可數(shù)。例如:factory produces steel. (不可數(shù)) need various steels. (可數(shù))c. 當物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時,可數(shù)。例如:country is famous for tea. teas, please.請來兩杯茶。我國因茶葉而聞名) 抽象名詞表示具體的事例時也可數(shù)。例如: freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations 四個現(xiàn)代化物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量,如 a glass of water 一杯 水 / a piece of advice一則建議。. 定語名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

8、名詞作定語一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。) 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如:meeting 運動會 students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語系)man, woman,gentleman 等作定語時,其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定 例如:workers women teachers gentlemen officials) 有些原有 s 結(jié)尾的名詞,作定語時, s 保留。例如: train (貨車)arms produce武器生產(chǎn)papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush衣刷 ) 數(shù)詞 名詞作定

9、語時,這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如: dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan. 一個五年計劃 此處圖片未下載成功 英語中有些名詞可以加 "s" 來表示所有關(guān)系, 帶這種詞尾的名詞形式 稱為該名詞的所有格,如: a teachers book 。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下:)單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"s",復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加"s", 如 the boys bag男孩的書包, mens room 男廁所。)若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s,只加&qu

10、ot; ",如口: the workers struggle 工人的斗爭。) 凡不能加 "s" 的名詞,都可以用 " 名詞 of 名詞 " 的結(jié) 構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系,如: the title of the song 歌的名字。) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時,名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞,如: the barbers 理發(fā)店 ) 如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有 s ,則表示 " 分別有 " ;只有一個 s ,則表示 共有 。例如:s and Marys rooms (兩間) John and Marys roo

11、m (一間)6)復(fù)合名詞或短語,s加在最后一個詞的詞尾。例如:a mo nth or twos abse nee三. 鞏固練習(xí).He was eager to makesome extra money, sinee during these years he eould hardly live on his. a little wage b. few wage e.wage d. wages.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to during the war. an ash b. the ash e. ash d. ashes.The

12、students at eolleges or universities are making fo r the eomingNew Year. many preparations b. mueh preparation e. preparationsd. preparation.Paiting in is one of their spare-time aetivities. oil b. an oil e. oils d. the oil.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt oil here. mueh b. lots of e.

13、 a great deal of d. many.The large houses are being painted, but . of great expense b. at a great expense e. in a lot of expensesd. by high expense.The room was small and eontained far too .mueh new furniture e. mueh new furnitures.many new furniture d. many new furnitures.Jim was late for two elass

14、es this morning. He said that he forgot both of the . rooms number b. room number e. rooms numbers d. room numbers ean do work in a short time, but a manean not do by himself.great many many e. mueh a great deal.great deal of mueh d. many a great many.She didn t know he had been given. how many info

15、rmation c. how many informations. the number of information d. how much information.He invited all of his to join his wedding party. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm.All the in the hospital got a rise last month. women doctorsc. woman doctors. women doctord. wom

16、an doctor.After ten years, all these youngsters became. growns-upsc. growns-up. grown-upd. grown-ups.The police investigated those about the accident. stander-byc. standers-by. stander-bysd. standers-bys.The Nazi kept those in their concentration camp.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-war .prisoners-

17、of-warsd. prisoner-of-war.The manager was greatly appreciate that made by Linda lately. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels.Mary s dress is similar in appearance to her . elder sister b. elder sister s c. elder sisters d. eldersisters dress.All the people at the conference are . mathematic teachers

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