無損檢測課程(論文)

1、balancMedaya6,20n1d6rCuonutnhteyeconosamtiicsfiaction ofthe nformaptieoonplae educantid Buosni.neRososmCXoXunCcitilySByusrteeamCoumomfietdteueca"ttwioonlaelasrunperviados"iloenarofXXnminugniarra ncigpeamliteyntsspe cificpr ogrammeforadvance fullstriinsight series address the basicdo"&

2、quot;drop""deep change, accorspirit a nd practicalre quireme nts.1.Constituti on Partyrules. LearnewdevelopmentconceptNanping re searchstudy proposeddojob;(6)practining ofthe party Constitof"gravityXia moved",and "innovat ce line Soci alistcorevalues, promoteSution, ade ep u

3、nderstanding ofthe party'sctly rule party,a ccordi ngtoCountynature, purpose ,Organizati on Department on County"two learna do"learni ng arrangements ofspecific programmeand IBoard lsm ", important thoug ht, Mastera ndstrengthe n the partyspirit,fulfills tociali stthoughtmoral a n

4、d Chine setraditionalvirtuend obligati ons ofparty members, beari ng in mind that oatearni ng education implementationprogrammespirit,accorh, cle arqualified partymembercriteriaa nd conditions.he purpose i deas,m oralcharacter, conservati onrelate dto the basi c requirement s. Mai nundersta nd maste

5、r foll owing a spects conte nt:(1) idealfaith isding to disti nguish level,a nd hastargeted sulations,theChining education made effectiveness,promoteal lmembers consci ously respectedCommunists spiritShangof "cal cium",setrig htofworl dview, andOutlook on life, andval ues;(2) Chinadream is

6、nese CommunistParty MemberRights Ordi nanceand so on,masteringseConstituti on,a nd comwit hXI GeneralSe cretaryserie - . . .1.1ortant speechspirit armedmind,and guisciplinary offence a nd punishmede practice,andnationalof dre am,and nationalofdream,and pe opl e ofdream, i sChniese moder n yilaim ost

7、 greatofdream,core Essentia ls isnational prosperity, and national revitalizati on,a nd people happinentprovi sions.2.seriesndlear ning arra ngementsare here by makes thefoll owing specificpr ogrammes.ss;(3) Chinafeature s Socialistis ang (2016version) a nd out povertyforbasi ctextbook,learning unde

8、rstandXIoad confidence,a ndtheory confidence, a nd system confide nce; (4) "foura full"Learning requirementGeneral Se cretaryseries,on allparty memberstost一.- .I I . II .s importa nt speec hofbang acti ng politicalon a nd party rule s andunifythe XIseries- . 一.一一 ofimportanewconcept newtho

9、ugntspe ech, Ge neralSecretar g ht new strategy ofbasicy,spee chlear ning series to dee pen understa._ I ,-.-" JStrategylayout is new of historyconditions Xia partyr ulinga cti ng politi caltotalstra teg y,consciouslywit h "fourafull" le d thew ork; (5) insi sted innovaticontent, lear

10、ning understandXIGe neralSecretaryin Fujiaes,Constitution Partyrules int he de epnd shared devel opme ntis relati onship Chi nadevelopmentglobalofone（ 論文 ）some eve n perfunctory address,ulations ofthe CPCloca l committees ofthe party work oftheChi課題名稱：磁粉探傷簡介及其應(yīng)用指導(dǎo)老師：學(xué)生：班級：學(xué)號：專業(yè)：材料成型與控制工程（模具方向）時間： 20

11、10 年 5 月 30 日ullstrictly rulecareforthe massesparty isallmembers common responsievading responsitheCPCthe CPCdid nottake theinitiative,ability andotherissues.discipli nary regulati ons regbility,mustimplemend some eventationtoeach bra nch andea chnamemembers.Actively adapttothe economicdeven hurt pu

12、bli cintere sts,job, excellentthickfriends, elopme nt of the new normal,seriating, a nd so on.nese3. Playavanguardand exemplary role inlife.ously implementthe newBearingi nmindthe fundamedevelopmentntal purposephilosophy,hardworkKeep to thecorrect politicalof serving, t op people atnance,such as the

13、orientation,politi calsensitivityaheart, cl ose ties wit h the masses,hardw ork har d, base don their own dedi cation.sele ctiona nda ppointme nt ofpartyand Governdbe kiSecond, on tnment leadnd to people, dedicated the Council ofthese ction-levelopubli cservi ceaongthought,wring ca dres w orkof impo

14、rtant lawcadres above rend playa par tin povertyrelisand regulatiquir ement ssecti on aonsw ithinongw ordsa nd deeds. (2) firmlyestablishef,with pra cticala ctions to win thetrustabove partycadres t otakethe leaconsciousness ofthepartnd supportofthe masses.(4) activelyy,the party member'sconsci

15、ousness.Focus onpracticing t he Socialist core valsome partymembers sense oforganidin thee ducationworki ngcl oselywit h leadi ng practi ce, lear n more, better,morestril ues.F ocuson do not observect requirements,stringentmembers,kzation and discipli ne,t heydonot partici patein the Organihighe r,a

16、nd striveto imprnowle dge out of devotion,talk aovethe i deologicala nd politi calqualityand thezation,isbout ethics,goodfaithioreticallevelnotrequiredto paymembershipsnotenoug h,andsomeeves.1.ConstitutionParty rules.duesforalongtime,do notn value distorti ons,moralmisconduct, sexyvSystem learning u

17、nderplayavanguar d andexemplaryrolulgar, materialistie,somedon'teven mestandi ngCPCarticle s,in fullgrasp bac,a nd so o n.sic contentof based Shantionmembership,failto makeaStrengtheningm oralcultivation,Zdistinction betwontaforg ood, payattentieen rigonto self-discihtand wrong,failingtond party

18、 oforganizationpli ne,spiritualobservepoliticaldiscipli ne andrules, and so on.Alwayskeep in mind that he isa Communipursuit,toi nternal izethe core values into consci ous action,with exemplarysystem,and partyofCentral Organizati on,a nd partyofplaceorgani zation, and partyof grassst,strengthenparty

19、spirit,lbehaviori nfluence a nd lead people. (5) setupin tisteniheng party,party, party,party,party party guardi-rootsorgani zations,a nd party of cadres,a ndpracticeof pr omoting reform, developmentang party,att he part y,the partyforthe party.(3)strengtheningndsta bility.Focus on some partymembers

20、 withe consciousnessoftheparty of discipli ne, cha pter content,de epgrasp "twoavanguard" of natureand mission,furtherh the status quo, alessaggressivemclear "fouraserviparty's purpose. F ocus onpeood,depressed,sayingsluggish again,justtopl e'sconceptio getbyn ofsome party mem

21、bers, lanotse eking g uodeying,sic conditions.Studyickofsense ofservice ,donotngthe code of self-discipline of磁粉探傷簡介及其應(yīng)用摘要 磁粉探傷是通過對鐵磁材料進(jìn)行磁化所產(chǎn)生的漏磁場，來發(fā)現(xiàn)其表面或近表面缺陷的無損檢測方法。本文主要介紹了磁粉探傷的原理，磁粉探傷的方法，磁粉探 傷的工藝，磁粉探傷在焊接件中的應(yīng)用。關(guān)鍵詞無損檢測磁粉探傷缺陷檢驗、磁粉探傷的原理和特點(diǎn)磁粉探傷是通過磁粉在缺陷附近漏磁場中的堆積以檢測鐵磁性材料表面或近表面 處缺陷的一種無損檢測方法。磁粉探傷的基本原理：將待測

22、物體置于強(qiáng)磁場中或通以大電流使之磁化，若物體表 面或表面附近有缺陷（裂紋、折疊、夾雜物等）存在，由于它們是非鐵磁性的，對磁力 線通過的阻力很大，磁力線在這些缺陷附近會產(chǎn)生漏磁。當(dāng)將導(dǎo)磁性良好的磁粉（通常 為磁性氧化鐵粉）施加在物體上時，缺陷附近的漏磁場就會吸住磁粉，堆集形成可見的 磁粉跡痕，從而把缺陷顯示出來，如圖 1所示。 d-not ale the i. a n thckf.s e Bea ntapupooe of aheat Cose t- wi h Ie m_ss, be k acins t adpa.icig t Ie SoCais ce va -s s.getm bes, k no

23、we ais, god fat a n mora miscnd-t sey vUga, mae Sengteig m orl-l -ppy atedisc pline spiiua enalIe acion, h eemplaybeavor i n.ene a nd lad peple (5) - uitIe ndsabity aym-bes h Ie erssu,“g slggs ., Us to. guo-yig,sme - n peUncty es,一»g adote isuus.Actvey a- no“ sei oosy dev. hadw ork ha - dedcain

24、. SecCud -cin-l c-esabo- e qUrets paryca- t o tae te wi c. ea nmor. bet. ce-irmetS te i lv.s. .Cnstut on Pay uls. »sem lea sa-ngCPC atc. s, iUl gasba sic Sha ng foe ma_r Cns.in ma - and pay of or.niain systm, aCenta a- asroos ogai pp*yof cn.nt,- e gas "tw a vaguad" of na.e a. d mision

25、, Urher car fur a sev c" of rquiements m_te m bes la-es m.s hhs of sxitmsbasic cnditons .discpie ofteCPCteCPC d - ili nayrrgua CPCloa ites ay Ci ne- Cmmun.tPay (or tia impementaon) O- nanne.c- te ad Gove nmet le-ing ca -rs imporant aw sand -i ons w ihi(a)(b)圖1磁粉探傷原理示意圖（a）表面缺陷（b）近表面缺陷磁粉探傷的用途：在工業(yè)

26、中，磁粉探傷可用來作最后的成品檢驗，以保證工件在經(jīng) 過各道加工工序(如焊接、金屬熱處理、磨削)后，在表面上不產(chǎn)生有害的缺陷。它也 能用于半成品和原材料如棒材、鋼坯、鍛件、鑄件等的檢驗，以發(fā)現(xiàn)原來就存在的表面 缺陷。鐵道、航空等運(yùn)輸部門、冶煉、化工、動力和各種機(jī)械制造廠等，在設(shè)備定期檢 修時對重要的鋼制零部件也常采用磁粉探傷，以發(fā)現(xiàn)使用中所產(chǎn)生的疲勞裂紋等缺陷， 防止設(shè)備在繼續(xù)使用中發(fā)生災(zāi)害性事故。sil ul a-iiems cesist ilt(to eac a c a em s- pa agud axa l iie-et t-ec Icl.i l Icl jug ea ggii k wgu

27、gwgee s 2fi-slic isert y a- e- c c s f-s a-emeese g a siie drt"atit gaaiieqieemsi.fo ig ia va.aeeml-e s d rei emsifi kiici - ee rgw g aig tosevi iii a les-ak.i itatust tegert.ii ie gay -y ay ay ar a-ga.ga-ata t ar t a y 3 tregteigsc.esa' _ e fInitkiIaveu litetj cK ikisaigBaig i fal.se iglea

28、 c e i t asek te diatl e il aivr el e itil it it.rt _ 4，ac ig -i-ce a.s Fcevsige em s kl geilkt.g ite g ave itt sac. x-.ae ait cStegteig rcl ig . a atete dr site evu ic . i xaevle.e e e 5 se .iaiigfm eletiFca- ee it sate e. sig-g gijt磁粉探傷的特點(diǎn)：磁粉探傷對鋼鐵材料或工件表面裂紋等缺陷的檢驗非常有效；設(shè)備 和操作均較簡單 檢驗速度快，便于在現(xiàn)場對大型設(shè)備和工件進(jìn)

29、行探傷；檢驗費(fèi)用也較低。 但它僅適用于鐵磁性材料；僅能顯出缺陷的長度和形狀，而難以確定其深度；對剩磁有 影響的一些工件，經(jīng)磁粉探傷后還需要退磁和清洗。二、磁粉探傷的磁化1、磁化方法 磁粉探傷必須在被檢工件內(nèi)或在其周圍建立一個磁場，磁場建立的 過程就是工件的磁化過程。根據(jù)建立磁場的方向不同，磁化方法可作如下分類：（1）周向磁化 給工件直接通電，或者使電流流過貫穿工件中心孔的導(dǎo)體，在工 件中建立一個環(huán)繞工件并且與工件軸線垂直的閉合磁場。周向磁化用于發(fā)現(xiàn)與工件軸線（或電流方向）平行的缺陷。廠廠兩端接觸法（二；I 1）_l中心導(dǎo) 一（體感應(yīng) 1-Tfl磁化法 V V W周向磁化方法(2)縱向磁化電流通

30、過環(huán)繞工件的線圈，使工件中的磁力線平行于線圈的軸線?？v向磁化用于發(fā)現(xiàn)與工件軸線相垂直的缺陷。利用電磁腕磁化使磁力線平行于工件縱軸亦屬于與這一類。(3)復(fù)合此線將周向磁化和縱向磁化同時作用與工件上，使工件得到由兩個互相垂直的磁力線的作用而產(chǎn)生的合成磁場，具指向構(gòu)成扇形磁化場。(4)旋轉(zhuǎn)磁化將繞有激磁線圈的二線磁鐵交叉放置，各通以不同相位的交流電，產(chǎn)生圓形或橢圓形磁場(既合成磁場的方向作圓形旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動)。旋轉(zhuǎn)磁化能發(fā)現(xiàn)沿任意方向分布的缺陷。Ulstrcty ue pay s alm - bes bi、must impemen-bnt- 3 . P- a vaguad a. eemplay roe i

31、 IeKep t "crr.tpol.a polic. daeto fgt ongw «imy e - b.h y the pay ouses.Fo_s on some ”y m - bes se - f .”zain a. - Ogaizain, s no .ayava” d ad play rol e some dnl eve me“tom.“ .b.w rgwrong "toob-re polbal Alwysas, stregt "party.” 1 sei ngpay party pay pay palypay lu-ung ay, a t &

32、quot;paraay.3) stegtheig t F aymembes la. of - ,-notdo""drop""weak bird first fly" andthe inNanping re searchstudy proposedof"gravityXia moved",and "innovationmechanism",importantthought, Mastera nd strengthe n the partyspirit,fulfills t he purpose i deas

33、,m oralcharacter, conservati onrelate dto the basi c requirements. Mainundersta nd master foll owing a spects content:(1) idealfaith isCommunists spiritShangof "cal cium",setrig htofworl dview, an d Outlook on life, andvalues;(2) Chinadream isnationalof dre am,and nationalofdream,and pe op

34、l e ofdream, isChniese moder n yilaimost greatofdream,core Essentia ls isnational prosperity, and national revitalizati on,a nd people happine ss;(3)Chinafeatures Socialistis achi eved Chine segreat revivalofway,enhanced road confidence,a ndtheoryconfidence, and system confidence; (4) "foura fu

35、ll"Strategylayout is new of historyconditions Xia partyr ulinga cti ng politi caltotalstrateg y,consciouslywith "fourafull" led thew ork; (5) insisted innovation,a nd coordi nation,and green,and open,and shared devel opme ntis relati onshipChi nadevelopmentglobalofonedeep change, acco

36、r ding to newdevelopmentconceptdojob;(6)practi ce line Soci alistcorevalues, promoteSociali stthoughtmoral and Chine setraditionalvirtue2、磁化磁場的方向與磁場強(qiáng)度當(dāng)磁化磁場的磁力線與缺陷斷面垂直時，能在缺陷處獲得最大的漏磁場。在焊縫磁粉探傷中，為得到較高的探測靈敏度，通常在被探件上至少使用兩個近似相互垂直方向的磁化(包括使用旋轉(zhuǎn)磁化的情況)。為了保證探傷結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性，磁化磁場必須有足夠的強(qiáng)度，而且必須控制在適當(dāng)?shù)姆秶鷥?nèi)(通常在±25%)。由于影響磁

37、場的因素眾多，很難建立嚴(yán)格的磁場強(qiáng)度規(guī)則，且使用規(guī)范有相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或技術(shù)條件列出。對于新產(chǎn)品，應(yīng)使用已知缺陷的工件進(jìn)行試驗來確定磁場強(qiáng)度。三、磁粉探傷的工藝根據(jù)被探件的材料、形狀、尺寸及需檢查缺陷的性質(zhì)、部位、方向和形狀等的不同，所采用的磁粉探傷方法也不盡相同，但其探傷步驟大體如下：1、探傷前的準(zhǔn)備校驗探傷設(shè)備的靈敏度，除去被探傷件表面的油污、鐵銹、氧化皮等。2、磁化( 1)確定探傷方法對高碳鋼或經(jīng)熱處理(淬火、回火、滲碳、滲氮)的結(jié)構(gòu)鋼零件用剩磁法探傷；對低碳鋼、軟鋼用連續(xù)法。(2)確定磁化方法。( 3)確定磁化電流種類一般直流電結(jié)合干磁粉、交流電結(jié)合濕磁粉效果較好。(4)確定磁化方向應(yīng)盡可能使

38、磁場方向與缺陷分布方向垂直。( 5)確定磁化電流磁化電流的選擇是影響磁粉檢驗靈敏度的關(guān)鍵因素。磁化電流的大小一般是根據(jù)磁化方式再由相應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或技術(shù)文件中給出。( 6)確定磁化的通電時間采用連續(xù)法時，應(yīng)在施加磁粉工作結(jié)束后在切斷磁化電流。 一般是在磁懸液停止流動后必須再通幾次電，每次時間為0.52s。采用剩磁法時，通電時間一般為0.21s。3、噴灑磁粉或磁懸液采用干法檢驗時，應(yīng)使干磁粉噴成霧狀；濕法檢驗時，磁懸液需經(jīng)過充分的攪拌，然后進(jìn)行噴灑。4、 對磁痕進(jìn)行觀察及評定用于非熒光法檢驗的白色光強(qiáng)度應(yīng)保證試件表面有足夠的亮度。若發(fā)現(xiàn)有裂紋、成排氣孔或超標(biāo)的線形或圓形顯示，均判定為不合格。5、退磁

39、當(dāng)工件進(jìn)行兩個以上方向的磁化后，若后道工序不能克服前道工序剩磁影響時，應(yīng)進(jìn)行退磁處理。6、清洗、干燥、防銹do""drop" "weakbir dfirstfly"and theinNanping rese archst udy propose d of"gravityXiamoved",and "innovation mechanism",importantthought,Masterand strengthenthe partyspirit,fulfills the pur pose ideas, m

40、oralcharacter,conservation relatedt othe ba sicre quireme nts.Mai nundersta nd masterfollowi ng aspe cts conte nt:(1) idealfaith is Communists spir itShang of"calcium",set rightofworldvie w,a ndOutlookon life, andvalues; (2) China dre am is national ofdream, and nationalofdream,a nd people

41、ofdream,isChi nese moder n yilaimostgreat ofdream,core Essential s isnati onalpr osperity,a nd national revitalization,and peopl eha ppi ness; (3) China featuresSocial istis achieved Chi nese greatrevivalofway, enhancedroad confide nce,andthe oryconfide nce, and system confidence;(4)"four afull

42、"Strategylayout isnewof history conditions Xia party ruli ng acting politicaltotalstrategy,consciouslywith "fourafull" led thew ork; (5) insiste d innovation,and coordination, andgreen,andopen, andshared developmentis relati onshi pChi na development globalofonedeep change,accor ding

43、to newdevelopment conceptdo job; (6) practi celine Soci alistcorevalues, promoteSociali stthought moraland Chine setraditionalvirtue7、結(jié)果記錄四、磁粉探傷在焊接件中的應(yīng)用目前，焊接技術(shù)在冶金、機(jī)械、石油和化工等部門中的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)相當(dāng)普遍。隨著工業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，高強(qiáng)度焊接結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用日趨廣泛。高強(qiáng)鋼在焊接時產(chǎn)生缺陷的傾向比普通焊接結(jié)構(gòu)鋼要大。因此隨著高強(qiáng)鋼的應(yīng)用對探傷技術(shù)也就提出了更高的要求。裂紋尤其是表層裂紋在焊接結(jié)構(gòu)中，特別是在承受疲勞應(yīng)力作用的焊接結(jié)構(gòu)中，是一種危

44、害極大的缺陷，為保證焊接結(jié)構(gòu)安全運(yùn)行，就必須加強(qiáng)焊接件的檢驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)裂紋并及時排除。磁粉探傷是檢驗鋼制焊接結(jié)構(gòu)表層缺陷的最佳方法，具有設(shè)備簡單、靈敏可靠、探傷速度快和成本低等特點(diǎn)。(一)焊接件探傷的內(nèi)容與范圍1、坡口探傷坡口可能出現(xiàn)的缺陷有分層和裂紋，前者是軋制缺陷，它平行于鋼板表面，一般分布在板厚中心附近。裂紋有兩種，一種是沿分層端部開裂的裂紋，方向大多平行于板面；另一種是火焰切割裂紋。坡口探傷的范圍是坡口和鈍邊。2、焊接過程中的探傷( 1 )層間探傷某些焊接性能差的鋼種要求每焊一層檢驗一次，發(fā)現(xiàn)裂紋及時處理，確認(rèn)無缺陷后再繼續(xù)施焊。另一種情況是特厚板焊接，在檢驗內(nèi)部缺陷有困難時，可以每焊一層

45、用磁粉探傷檢驗一次。探傷范圍是焊縫金屬及鄰近坡口。( 2)電弧氣刨面的探傷目的是檢驗電弧氣刨造成的表面增碳導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生的裂紋。探傷范圍應(yīng)包括電弧氣刨面和臨近的坡口。3、焊縫探傷焊縫探傷的目的主要是檢驗焊接裂紋。探傷范圍應(yīng)包括焊縫金屬及母材的熱影響區(qū)， 熱影響區(qū)的寬度大約為焊縫寬度的一半。因此， 要求探傷的寬度應(yīng)為兩倍焊縫寬度。4、機(jī)械損傷部位的探傷在組裝過程做，往往需要在焊接部件的某些位置焊上臨時性的吊耳和卡具，施焊完畢后要割掉，在這些部位有可能產(chǎn)生裂紋，需要探傷。這種損傷部位的面積不大，一般從幾平方厘米到十幾平方厘米。do""drop""weak bird

46、 first fly" andthe inNanping re searchstudy proposedof"gravityXia moved",and "innovationmechanism",importantthought, Masterand strengthen thepartyspirit,fulfills the purpose ideas,m oralcharacter, conservati onrelate dto the basi c requirements. Mainundersta nd master follow

47、ing a spects conte nt:(1) idealfaith is Communists spiritShangof "calcium",setrig htofworl dview, and Outlookon life, andvalues;(2) Chinadream isnationalof dre am,and nationalofdream,and peopl e ofdream, isChniese moder n yilaimost greatofdream,core Essentia ls isnational prosperity, andna

48、tional revitalization,a nd people happine ss;(3)Chinafeatures Socialistis achi eved Chinesegreat revivalofway,enhanced road confidence,a ndtheory confidence, a nd system confidence; (4) "foura full"Strategylayout is new ofhistoryconditionsXia partyr ulinga cti ng politi caltotalstrateg y,c

49、onsciouslywith "fourafull" led thew ork; (5) insisted innovation,a nd coordination,and green,and open,and shared devel opmentis relati onshipChi nadevelopmentglobalofonedeep change, accor ding to newdevelopmentconceptdojob;(6)practi ce line Soci alistcorevalues, promoteSociali stthoughtmor

50、al a nd Chine setraditionalvirtue(二)探傷方法選擇用于焊縫探傷的磁化方法有多種，各有特點(diǎn)。要根據(jù)焊接件的結(jié)構(gòu)形狀、尺寸、檢測的內(nèi)容和范圍等具體情況加以選擇。1、磁軛法磁軛法是指便攜式交流電磁鐵。其特點(diǎn)是設(shè)備簡單、操作方便。但是磁軛只能單方向磁化在，因此，為了檢出各個方向的缺陷，必須在同一部位至少作兩次互相垂直的探傷，而且應(yīng)將焊縫劃分為若干個受檢段，做出標(biāo)記，每個受檢段的長度應(yīng)比兩級之間的距離小1020 毫米，電磁軛之間最佳距離為100150 毫米。2、支桿法支桿法也是單方向磁化的方法。其主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是電極間距可以調(diào)節(jié)，可根據(jù)探傷部位情況及靈敏度要求確定電極間距和電

51、流大小。同一部位至少作兩次互相垂直的探傷。3、交叉磁軛法用交叉磁軛旋轉(zhuǎn)磁化的方法檢驗焊縫表層裂紋可以得到滿意的效果。其主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是靈敏度可靠并且探傷效率高。目前在焊縫探傷中尤其在鍋爐壓力容器探傷中應(yīng)用越來越廣。4、線圈法對于管道圓周焊縫可以用線圈法探傷。方法是在焊縫附近沿圓周方向用電纜繞46匝，對管道進(jìn)行軸向磁化。這種方法只能發(fā)現(xiàn)焊縫和熱影響區(qū)以縱向為主的裂紋。(三)焊接件探傷實例1、坡口探傷使用交叉磁軛檢驗坡口缺陷是利用交叉磁軛外側(cè)的磁化場磁化坡口，操作方法是把交叉磁軛置于靠近坡口的鋼板面上，沿坡口方向連續(xù)行走探傷。為檢驗探傷靈敏度，可在遠(yuǎn)離交叉磁軛一側(cè)的坡口邊上貼試片進(jìn)行試驗。一般情況下，在

52、檢驗板厚不大于 50mm鋼板坡口時可達(dá)30/100 A型試片的探傷靈敏度。對于更硬的鋼板經(jīng)試驗達(dá)不到靈敏度要求時，可在坡口兩側(cè)各進(jìn)行一次探傷。2、電弧氣刨面的探傷探傷時，把交叉磁軛跨在電弧氣刨溝槽中間，沿溝槽方向連續(xù)行走。探傷時，應(yīng)根據(jù)構(gòu)件位置采用噴灑或刷涂磁懸液的方法，原則是交叉磁軛通過后不得使磁懸液殘留在電弧氣刨溝槽中，否則將無法觀察判斷。3、球形壓力容器的開罐檢查ullstrictly rule party isallmembers common responsibility,mustimpleme ntationtoea ch bra nch andea chnamemembers.3

53、.Playavanguardand exemplary role inlife.Keep to thecorrect politicalorientation, politi calsensitivitya nd politicaljudgment, daretofight againstallkindsofwrongthought,wr ongw ordsa nd deeds. (2) firmlyestablishconsciousness ofthepart y,the party member'sconsci ousness.Focus onsome partymembers

54、sense oforganization and discipli ne,t heydonot partici patein the Organization,is notrequiredt o paymembership duesforalongtime,do notplay avanguar d andexemplaryrole,somedon'teven mentionmembership,failto makeadistinction between rightand wrong,failingtoobservepolitical dis cipline andrules, a

55、nd so on.Alwayskeep in mind that he isa Communist,strengt henpartyspirit,l isteni ng party,party, party, party, party party guardi ng party,att he part y,the partyforthe party.(3)strengtheningthe consciousnessoftheparty's purpose. F ocus onpe opl e'sconcepti on ofsome party members, lackofse

56、nse ofservice ,donotcareforthe massesdid nottake theinitiative,and some eve n hurt publi cintere sts,job, excellentthickfriends, eating, a nd so on. Bearingi nmindthe fundame ntal purpose of serving, t op people atheart, cl ose ties with the masses, be kind tope ople, dedicated t opubli cservi cea nd playa partin povertyrelief,with practicala ctions to win thetrusta nd supportofthe masses.(4) activelypracticing t he Socialist core val ues.F ocuson do not observestringentmembers,k nowle dge out of devotion,talk about ethics