William Blake威廉布萊克及作品英國文學(xué)家分享資料

1、1 18-century poetry: 1. in the first half of the 18th century: neoclassical poetry 2. by the middle of the 18th century: sentimentalism 3. in the latter half of the 18th century: romanticism 2 In the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Reviva

2、l. a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, by a renewed interest in medieval literature. In England, this movement showed itself in the trend of Pre-Romanticism in poetry. William Blake and Robert Burns are the representatives.3Auguries

3、 of Innocence (brief)To see a World in a Grain of SandTo see a World in a Grain of Sand，And a Heaven in a Wild FlowerAnd a Heaven in a Wild Flower，Hold Infinity in the palm of your handHold Infinity in the palm of your hand，And Eternity in an hour.And Eternity in an hour.一沙一世界，一花一天堂。 無限掌中置，剎那成永恒。 徐志

4、摩（譯）4 佛曰：佛曰：一花一世界，一花一世界，一草一天堂，一草一天堂，一葉一如來，一葉一如來，一砂一極樂，一砂一極樂，一方一凈土，一方一凈土，一笑一塵緣，一笑一塵緣，一念一清靜。一念一清靜。 這一切都是一種心境。心若無這一切都是一種心境。心若無物就可以一花一世界，一草一物就可以一花一世界，一草一天堂。參透這些，一花一草便天堂。參透這些，一花一草便是整個(gè)世界，而整個(gè)世界也便是整個(gè)世界，而整個(gè)世界也便空如花草。空如花草。 56Little Lamb, who made thee?Dost thou know who made thee?Gave thee life, and bid thee f

5、eed, By the stream and oer the mead; Gave thee clothing of delight,Softest clothing, woolly, bright; 小羊羔，誰創(chuàng)造了你？小羊羔，誰創(chuàng)造了你？你知道是誰創(chuàng)造了你？你知道是誰創(chuàng)造了你？給你生命，把你喂養(yǎng)給你生命，把你喂養(yǎng)在溪流旁的草場；在溪流旁的草場；給你柔軟，發(fā)亮給你柔軟，發(fā)亮 毛絨絨的衣裳；毛絨絨的衣裳；7Gave thee such a tender voice,Making all the vales rejoice?Little Lamb, who made thee?Dost thou

6、 know who made thee? 給你這樣柔美的聲音，給你這樣柔美的聲音，使所有的山谷都?xì)g暢？使所有的山谷都?xì)g暢？小羊羔，誰創(chuàng)造了你？小羊羔，誰創(chuàng)造了你？你知道是誰創(chuàng)造了你？你知道是誰創(chuàng)造了你？89The lamb() Little Lamb, Ill tell thee,Little Lamb, Ill tell thee.He is called by thy name,For He calls Himself a Lamb.He is meek, and He is mild;He became a little child. 小羊羔，我告訴你，小羊羔，我告訴你。他就叫你的名字，

7、因?yàn)樗桶炎约悍Q羔羊。他溫柔而謙恭，變成了一個(gè)孩童。10 I a child, and thou a lamb,We are called by His name.Little Lamb, God bless thee! Little Lamb, God bless thee! 我是個(gè)孩子，你是只羔羊，我們都叫他的名字。小羊羔，上帝保佑你！小羊羔，上帝保佑你！11Questions 1. Does this poem describe a lamb or the mind of the child who is speaking to the lamb? What is the relatio

8、n of the lamb and the child to God?2. What does Lamb stand for?1213The Tyger / 老虎老虎 (I)（郭沫若譯）（郭沫若譯）Tyger! Tyger! Burning brightIn the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eyeCould frame thy fearful symmetry?In what distant deeps or skiesBurnt the fire of thine eyes?On what wings dare he aspire

9、s?What the hand dare seize the fire?And what shoulder, & what art, Could twist the sinews of thy heart?And when thy heart began to beat,What dread hand? and what dread feet?老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中燃燒著的煌煌的火光，是怎樣的神手或天眼造出了你這樣的威武堂堂？你炯炯的兩眼中的火燃燒在多遠(yuǎn)的天空或深淵？他乘著怎樣的翅膀搏擊？用怎樣的手奪來火焰？又是怎樣的膂力，怎樣的技巧，把你的心臟的筋肉捏成？當(dāng)你的心臟開始搏動(dòng)時(shí)，使用

10、怎樣猛的手腕和腳脛？14The Tyger / 老虎老虎(II)What the hammer? What the chain?In what furnace was thy brain?What he anvil? What dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp?When the stars threw down their spears,And waterd heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?Tiger!

11、 Tiger! Burning brightIn the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eye,Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?是怎樣的槌？怎樣的鏈子？在怎樣的熔爐中煉成你的腦筋？是怎樣的鐵砧？怎樣的鐵臂敢于捉著這可怖的兇神？群星投下了他們的投槍。用它們的眼淚潤濕了穹蒼，他是否微笑著欣賞他的作品？他創(chuàng)造了你，也創(chuàng)造了羔羊？老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中燃燒著的煌煌的火光，是怎樣的神手或天眼造出了你這樣的威武堂堂？15meter The poem is in trochaic tetrameter with cat

12、alexis at the end of each line. Trochaic Foot: A pair of syllables-a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable.Tetrameter Line: a poetry line usually with eight syllables.16 Catalexis: The absence of a syllable in the final foot in a line. In Blakes poem, an unstressed syllable is absent

13、in the last foot of each line. Thus, every line has seven syllables, not the conventional eight. .TIger,.|.TIger,.|.BURN ing.|.BRIGHT.IN the.|.FOR ests.|.OF the.|.NIGHT 17summary The poem begins with the speaker asking a fearsome tiger what kind of divine being could have created it: “

14、What immortal hand or eye/ Could frame they fearful symmetry?” Each subsequent stanza contains further questions, all of which refine this first one. 18 From what part of the cosmos could the tigers fiery eyes have come, and who would have dared to handle that fire? What sort of physical presence, a

15、nd what kind of craftsmanship, would have been required to “twist the sinews” of the tigers heart? The speaker wonders how, once that horrible heart “began to beat,” its creator would have had the courage to continue the job. 19 Comparing the creator to a blacksmith, he ponders about the anvil and t

16、he furnace that the project would have required and the smith who could have wielded them. when the job was done, the speaker wonders, how would the creator have felt? “Did he smile his work to see?” Could this possibly be the same being who made the lamb?20Questions for discussion What parts of the

17、 tiger have been described in the poem? Is it a realistic description of the tiger? What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger? Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other? 21Comparison The Lamb and The Tyger22COMPARISON / JUXTAPOSITION*Both

18、are creation poems *Structure23Its interesting that the end rhyme scheme for both poems have much similarity. Both poems employ end rhymes with “ee” sounds or “ight” sounds.Many consider that an intentional parallel structure. 24*The 2 contrary states of the human soul expressed in the anthologys title (Innocence and Experience) are nicely personified in the ideas of these two animals th