情態(tài)動詞用法歸類實例解析

1、山西古縣一中英語組 高繼英 042400 常見情態(tài)動詞用法及考點歸類實例解析情態(tài)動詞的用法是英語語法中的一個重要組成部分，用來表示說話人對動作或狀態(tài)的各 種觀點和態(tài)度，可以表示能力、必要、猜測、意愿或懷疑等。情態(tài)動詞有一定的意思，但不 完全， 需和一定的動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語， 它們在語義功能上經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)相互交叉的現(xiàn)象。 而 且這幾年隨著高考改革越來越側(cè)重于 “突出語篇，強調(diào)應用，注重交際 ”，情態(tài)動詞由于其本 身的功能作用，也就成了歷年各地高考中的 “常客 ”。本文將結(jié)合高考例題，讓同學們 “身臨 其境 ”地來感悟情態(tài)動詞的語義功能。一： can/could 考例 1：1) What a pit

2、y! Considering his ability and experience, he better.(08 年江西 )A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done2) You don t have to know the name of the author to fidn a book. You find the book by thetitle. (08 年湖南)A. must B. need C. can D. would3) The fire spread through the h

3、otel very quickly but everyone get out.(97 年全國 )A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 答案：1) C 2)C 3) D 歸納： can/could 可以用來表示一種泛指的能力，意思為 “能夠 ”， could 是 can 的過去時形式。如果 要表示特指某一次具體做某事的能力常用be able to。 can/could have done 可以表示過去本來有能力做某事。例如：I can swim across the river easily. But today I am so tired tha

4、t Iross itm. not able to swim ac考例 2：1) -Mum, I vebeen studying English since 8 o clock.I go out and play with Tomfor a while?- No, I mafraid not. Besides, it is raining outside now.(04 年遼寧 )A. Can t B. Wouldn tC. May notD. won t2) A left-luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time

5、, especially ata railway station.(03 年全國 )A. should B. can C. must D. will 答案：1) A 2) B 歸納： can 和 could 都可以用來表示請求或許可，在疑問句中表示請求時，使用 could 比 can 語氣 更加婉轉(zhuǎn)而沒有時態(tài)之分；不過在表示許可的回答中之用can而不用could。例如：-Could/Can I use your dictionary for a while?-Yes, you can.考例 3：1) Peterbe really difficult at times even though h

6、e s a nice p年遼寧i general.(08A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must2) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.(08 年福建)A. must B. can C. should D. would3) The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it be every slow.(05 年浙江 )A. should B. must

7、 C. will D. can 答案：1)C 2) B 3)D歸納： can/could 用在肯定句中可以表示一中發(fā)生幾率不大的可能性。例如：Some things in the home can be dangerous, especially if you have young children. 考例 4：1) You be hungry already-you had lunch only two hours ago!(08 年浙江 )A. wouldn t B. can t C. mustn t D. needn t2) She have left school, for her b

8、ike is still here.(08 年天津 )A. can t B. wouldn t C. shouldn t D. needn t3) My MP4 player isn t in my bag. WhereI have pi(07?年福建)A. canB. mustC. should D. would答案：1) B 2) A 3) A歸納：can 和 coild 常用在疑問句和否定句中表示推測語氣，意思為 “可能 ”，如果是表示對過去事 情的推測時常用 can/coild have done 形式。例如：The man can t be oir new headmaster be

9、caise he looks so yoing.He coildn t have finished the work when I metmhi jist now.考例 5：1) Mr. Smith is on time for everything. How it be that he was late for the openingceremony.(01 年上海春 )A. can B. shoild C. may D. mist2) How yoi say that yoi really inderstand the whole story if yoi have covered onl

10、ypart of the article.(03 年上海 )A. can B. mist C. need D. may答案：1) A 2) A歸納：can/coild 都可以用在疑問句中來表示驚奇、 懷疑的語氣， 此時二者沒有時態(tài)區(qū)別， 不過 coild 的語氣比 can 婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：How coild he so careless that he made the same mistake again?此外， can/coild 還經(jīng)常用在下列短語中：can t help doin情不自禁，忍不住cannot help bit do 不得不can tto再也不為過；越越好t help cry

11、ing.例如：At the news that they had won the final game, the players coildn I coildn t help bit walk home when my bike was broken.You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.二： may/might考例 1：-I hear you vegot a set of valuable Australian coins. I have a look?-Yes, certainly. （02 年春 ）A. Do B. May C.

12、 Will D. Should答案：B歸納：may/might 可以用在疑問句中表示求對方的許可。此時二者沒有時態(tài)區(qū)分，不過使用 might比may語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)。肯定回答時用may，否定回答時用 mustn t例如：-May I watch TV after I finish my homework?-Yes, you may.- No, you mustn t.考例 2：1）Although this sound like a simple task, great care is needed.（08 年四川 ）A. must B. mayC. shallD. should2）-Where is

13、 my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.-You it in the wrong place.（07 年江西 ）A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put3）-Are you going to the lecture tomorrow afternoon?-I mnot sure now. I go to Prof. Black cslass instead.（07 年北京 ）A. mightB. wouldC. should D. must答案：1）B

14、 2）D 3） A歸納：may/might 可以用來表示推測語氣，不過語氣比較弱；如果表示對過去事情的推測時要用may/might have done的形式；may not的意思為 可能不”比cannot（不可能）語氣弱。例如：I may pay a visit to our former English teacher, but I mnot sure.此外，may還可以用來表示祝愿語氣，以及構(gòu)成短語 may as well do:最好做；不妨做 。例如：May you be happy forever!In my opinion, you may as well ask for his a

15、dvice.三： must考例 1：1）In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you take care of your luggage.（07 年北京 ）A. canB. mayC. mustD.will2） Tom, youleave all yourclothes on thefloorlike this.（05 年全國 I）A. wouldn t B. mustn tC. needn tD.may not3） -Must hecome to sign thispaper himself?-Yes, he _.（06

16、年廣東 ）A. needB. mustC. mayD.will答案：1) C 2) B 3) B歸納：must 可以用來表示命令 ,禁止的意思， 語氣強烈，常譯為 “必須、一定 ”；.它的否定形式 mustn t 譯為 “不可、禁止；千萬不要 ”?；卮?must 的提問時，肯定意思可以用must ，否定回答常用needn 或 don t have。例女口 ：Must I return the book before tomorrow?-Yes, you must.-No, you needn t/ don t have to.考例 2：1）-May I smoke here?-If you ,

17、 choose a seat in the smoking section.（06 年山東 ）A. shouldB. could C. may D. must2）John, look at the time. you play the piano at such a late hour?（05 年全國川）A. MustB. CanC. May D. Need答案：1） D 2） A歸納：must 可以表示發(fā)生了與說話人愿望相反的事，常譯為 “偏偏、偏要 ”。例如：Naturally, when I tell him what to do, he must go and do the oppos

18、ite. 考例 3：1）The teacher have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn t have wasted time on him,I suppose.（07 年安徽 ）A. shouldB. canC. wouldD. must2）-Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.-Great! You read widely and put a lot of work into it.（07 年上海 ）A. mustB. shouldC. must have D. should have答

19、案：1) D 2) C歸納：must 可以用在肯定句中表示推測語氣，語氣最為肯定，意思為一定，否定句和疑問句中用 can/could 代替；如表示推過去事情的最肯定推測時用 must have done 形式。例如：You must have suffered a lot when you traveled alone across the desert.四： shall考例 1：1) -Wh at s the name?-Khulaifi. I spell that for you?(06 年北京 )A. ShallB. WouldC. Can D. Might2) -The room is

20、 so dirty. we clean it?-Of course. (03 年北京春 )A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do答案：1) A 2) B歸納：shall 可以用在在疑問句中與第一、三人稱連用，用來表示征求意見或請求指示。例如：-We need a person very much to think up such an idea.-Shall the new engineer have a try? 考例 2：1) -What does the sign over there read?-“ No person smoke or carry a ligh

21、ted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. 年四川 )”(07A. will B. may C. shall D. must2) -excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.- You have my computer if you don take care of it. (04 年湖南 )A. shan tB. might not C. needn t D. shouldn t答案： 1)C 2)A 歸納： shall 可以用在陳述句中與第二、三人稱連用，表示給對方命令、

22、警告或威脅的語氣。例如： You shall never open the box without my permission.此外，shall還可以用來構(gòu)成以 Let s開頭的反義疑問句。例如：Let hsave a rest, shall we?五： should考例 1：1) -I think Ill give Bob a ring.-You. You have n t been in touch with him for ages.(06年江蘇)A. will B. mayC. have toD. should2) I often seen lights in that empty h

23、ouse. Do you think I report it to the police?(04 年廣西 )A. should B. may C. will D. can 答案：1) D 2) A 歸納： should 可以用來表示勸告、建議，常譯為 “應當，應該”，表示一種義務上的責任，相當于 o ught to。例如：You should spare time to pay a visit to your parents every week.考例 2：1) -Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?-It be, but

24、 it is now heavily polluted.(07 年全國 )A. will B. wouldC. should D. must2) There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lotin the driving school.(05 年上海 )A. mustn t B. shant C. shouldn t D. neednt 答案：1) C 2) C 歸納：should可以表示按正常情況估計要發(fā)生的事，常譯為按理應當”、估計”。例如：Your photo shoul

25、d be ready by 12 p.m. if things goes smoothly. 考例 3：fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(06 年湖北 )A. Would you beB. Should be youC. Could you beD. Might you be答案： B 歸納：在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中表示對將來事情的虛擬時，可用should do ，should 不可省去，但可以省掉 if 而將 should 提前；同時在表示建議、請求、命令的動詞或名詞后

26、的從句中以 及 important, necessary, strange，natural 等形容詞后的從句中在謂語動詞常用should do ，此時should 可以省略。It is necessary that everyone in this school (should) learn a second language.He suggested that a doctor (should) be sent for at once. 考例 4：1) I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven

27、her there.(07 年陜西 )A. could B. must C. should D. would2) -I m sorry. I at you the other day.-Forget it. I was a bit out of control of myself.(08 年江蘇 )A. shouldn t shout B. shouldn t have shoutedC. mustn t shoutD. mustn t have shouted答案： 1) C 2) B 歸納：should 與 have done 連用，表示與過去事實相反并含有明顯的對他人或自己抱怨或責備的語

28、 氣，意思為 本應該做(而實際上卻沒有做)”。例如：The tree is dead. You should have watered it more often.六： will/would考例 1：1) John promised his doctor he _not smoke, and he never smoked ever since.(08 年北京 )A. might B. should C. could D. would2) -Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Don t you fo

29、rget it!-Ok, I .(06 年重慶 )A. won tB. don tC. will D. do3) -Write to me when you get home.-.(01 年春 )A. I must B. I shouldC. I willD. I can答案：1) D 2)A 3)C歸納：will/would 可以表示意志，意愿，常用來構(gòu)成祈使句的反意疑問句。例如：I can let you look at the photo if you will wait a little longer.Let us have a rest, will you?考例 2：When he

30、was there, he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.(96 年上海 )A. would B. should C. had better D. might答案：A歸納：will 可以用來表示習慣性、規(guī)律性的動作，常譯為 “總是，一慣 ”，would 表示過去的習慣；此時will的否定形式won t常用來表示某事物發(fā)生了令人不愉快的事情。例如：Fish will die without water.The door won t open every time I hurry to get in.此外， will/would 還可以用在疑問句中和第二人稱連用，表示征求意見，二者沒有時態(tài)之分，不過使用 wo