新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語系列教材 綜合教程2

1、Unit1 Text A New words and Expressions1. notion: n. an idea, belief or conceptOur management system is based on the notions of personal equality and liberty. 我們的管理體系是基于人的平等觀念和自由觀念而建立的。She has no notion of the difficulty of this problem.CF: idea, concept & notion這些名詞均有“思想”，“觀點(diǎn)”，“觀念”之意。idea最為普通，幾乎

2、適用于任何方面的思維活動。 concept 指從眾多實(shí)例中通過概括、歸納而形成的對事物本質(zhì)、全貌及其內(nèi)部聯(lián)系的比較系統(tǒng)的概念或看法。notion指的是一種模糊的、變化莫測的想法，無可靠的基礎(chǔ)，是未經(jīng)深思熟慮的、甚至讓人覺得荒謬的觀點(diǎn)。1. She seemed unfamiliar with the concept that everyone should have an equal opportunity. 2. I have no idea/notion how she managed to do this. 3. I had a silly notion that he would co

3、me back and beg me for forgiveness. 4. Dont get any ideas about revenge. 2. criterion: n. a standard by which sth. is judgedThe companys criterion for success is high sales. To some publishers, the criterion of a book which will sell well is length rather than content.對一些出版商而言，評判一本書能否暢銷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是長度而非內(nèi)容。 C

4、F: standard & criterion這兩個(gè)名詞均含“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”之意。standard指公認(rèn)的衡量事物質(zhì)量或人的品質(zhì)的準(zhǔn)則或原則。例如：All restaurants in the town with a low standard of hygiene have been forced to close.城里所有衛(wèi)生水準(zhǔn)低的餐館都被迫關(guān)門了。criterion較正式，指判斷、評價(jià)事物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但不一定制成了規(guī)章。例如：What are the criteria for deciding who gets the prize? 以什么作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評定獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撸?. appropriate: a

5、dj. correct or suitable for a particular situation or occasion Suits are always appropriate for a job interview. His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion.4. thin: adj. not having the necessary qualities to gain the intended result The critics found her latest novel rather thin. 書

6、評家認(rèn)為她最近寫的那部小說沒什么意思。 His thin attempt surely resulted in nothing.5. classical: adj. based on or belonging to an old or established system of principles or methods, e.g. in art or scienceHe is going to China to study Chinese classical poetry.他將前往中國去研究中國古典詩歌。6. distinguish between: to recognize differe

7、nces betweenThe twins are so alike that no one can distinguish between them.People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be color-blind.不能辨別顏色的人稱為色盲.7. utility: n.the quality or condition of being useful; usefulnessGrandma has always doubted the utility value of a dishwasher.祖母總是懷疑洗碟機(jī)的實(shí)用

8、價(jià)值。8. ground: n. reason(s) or justification for saying, doing or believing sth. He has been fired from the job on the grounds of incompetence.Patterns: a gound / grounds for 的理由on (the) grounds of 基于的原因on the grounds that因?yàn)?. break up: to come or bring to an end, especially by separatingTheir marria

9、ge eventually broke up due to lack of communication.Police arrived at the bar in time and broke up the fight.警察及時(shí)趕到酒吧結(jié)束了這場打斗。10. pursue: vt. try to achieve sth.; continue steadily with; carry on She d ecided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.她決定在獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位之后繼續(xù)深造。Our boss has decided

10、 not to pursue the matter any further.老板決定不再追查那事。Collocations:pursue sb.追求某人 pursue a vocation從事一份職業(yè)pursue a hobb從事一項(xiàng)愛好 pursue a goal追求一個(gè)目標(biāo)11. take pleasure in (doing) sth.: to enjoy (doing) sth.The audience took pleasure in watching the graceful skaters dancing. The old man takes pleasure in rememb

11、ering the past.老人很享受回憶往事。12. in so far as: to the degree thatThey moved to the downtown area in so far as they could spend less time on the way to work.為了能有所發(fā)現(xiàn)，他仍然堅(jiān)持在這一領(lǐng)域的研究。He still continued his research in this field in so far as he could make some discoveries.13. regulate: vt. to control, especi

12、ally by rules; to bring order or method to Sweating can help to regulate the bodys temperature. 出汗有助于調(diào)節(jié)體溫。Those who enjoy a long life usually regulate their eating habits.長壽的人通常飲食習(xí)慣有規(guī)律。 Collocations:regulate the traffic 管理交通regulate expenditure 控制費(fèi)用regulate the speed 調(diào)整速度 regulate a clock 校對時(shí)鐘regula

13、te food supplies 調(diào)節(jié)食物供應(yīng)14.as to: on the subject of; concerningWe are puzzled as to how the accident happened. 關(guān)于事故是如何發(fā)生的我們很迷惑。He refused to make any comments as to this event at the press conference.在記者招待會上他拒絕就此事發(fā)表任何評論。15. equity: n. the state, quality, or ideal of being just, impartial, and fairThe

14、 judgment aroused peoples anger for its lack of equity.The equity of the referees decision was accepted by everyone.大家都同意裁判員的公正裁判。16. liberality: n. the quality or state of being liberal or generous.A man of liberality will be welcome everywhere. 一個(gè)慷慨的人會處處受人歡迎。17. greed: n. an excessive desire to ac

15、quire or possess more than what one needs or deserves, especially with respect to material wealthWe were deeply touched by the greed for knowledge in their eyes.我們被他們渴求知識的眼神深深觸動了。18. conviction: n. Its my conviction that complacency is at the root of our troubles.我深信自滿情緒是我們各種問題的根源。CF: belief, faith

16、& conviction這些名詞都有“相信”，“信任”之意belief 較為普通，指單純從主觀上的相信，不涉及這種相信是否有 根據(jù)。例如：I find his behavior irresponsible beyond belief.我發(fā)覺他的所作所為不負(fù)責(zé)任到了簡直令人難以置信的地步。faith語氣較強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)完全相信，有時(shí)也指僅憑感覺產(chǎn)生的相信。例如：I havent much faith in this medicine. 我對這種藥沒有多大信心。conviction多指根據(jù)長期交往或?qū)嵺`，對某人某事有了認(rèn)識和了解后產(chǎn)生的信心和相信，強(qiáng)調(diào)其堅(jiān)定性。例如：Shed made such

17、 promises before, and they lacked conviction.她以前也作過這樣的許諾, 但都不足信。19. possess: vt. to have as ones property, as a quality, etc.They possess property all over the world. 他們在世界各地均擁有財(cái)產(chǎn)。Does he possess the necessary patience and tact to do the job well?他有做好這項(xiàng)工作必備的耐性和應(yīng)變能力嗎?20. CF: hold, own, possess &

18、keep這些動詞均有“有”，“具有”，“持有”之意。hold指擁有并保持財(cái)產(chǎn)及持有見解等，暗示不讓別人拿走或占有。own不及possess正式，多指所屬關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)所有權(quán)，不管所屬物是 否在物主手中。possess較正式，指擁有或占有并能加以控制與支配，強(qiáng)調(diào)其歸屬；也指具有某種品質(zhì)、才能、特點(diǎn)或性能等。keep指長時(shí)間地保有、保存某物，防止別人占去，強(qiáng)調(diào)安全和感情 上的依附。21. preserve: to prevent (someone or sth.) from being harmed or destroyed vt. Mother always tries to preserve fa

19、mily harmony. 母親總是在努力維持家庭和睦。 More and more teenagers fail to preserve their eyesight and wear glasses.mitment: n. a responsibility or promise to follow certain beliefs or a certain course of action We only pay those well who have loyalty and full commitment.我們只給忠誠而勇于承擔(dān)的人豐厚的報(bào)酬。23. bind: vt. to tie to

20、gether or uniteThese old people were bound by a common interest in shadowboxing.這些老人因?yàn)閷μ珮O拳的共同愛好而聚集到了一起。24. CF: fasten, tie, bind & chain這些動詞都有“扎牢”，“捆”，“綁”之意。fasten指把某物牢牢地拴在、釘在或鎖在另一物上，使不能任意移動。tie普通用詞，指用繩索等將東西扎緊捆牢。bind 多指把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物牢牢地系或扎在一起。 chain 專指用鏈條或金屬環(huán)將某人或某物鎖住或系住。25. permanent: adj.lasting

21、or intended to last for a long time or forever People always yearn for something permanent, enduring, without shadow of change.The injury left him with a permanent limp.他受傷后就一直瘸了。26. Collocations:permanent address 固定地址 permanent employment 固定工作permanent committee 常設(shè)委員會 permanent force 常備軍27. unite: v. Christmas is the only