材料科學(xué)工程專業(yè)英語詞匯匯總

1、材料的類型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer部分材料性質(zhì)復(fù)習(xí)Review of selected properties of materials,電導(dǎo)率和電阻率conductivity and resistivity,熱導(dǎo)率thermal conductivity,應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變stress and strain,彈性應(yīng)變elastic strain,塑性應(yīng)變plastic strain,屈服強(qiáng)度yield strength,最大抗拉強(qiáng)度ultimate tensile strength,最大強(qiáng)

2、度ultimate strength,延展性ductility,伸長率elongation,斷面收縮率reduction of area,頸縮necking,斷裂強(qiáng)度breaking strength,韌性toughness,硬度hardness,疲勞強(qiáng)度fatigue strength,蜂窩honeycomb,熱脆性heat shortness,晶胞中的原子數(shù)atoms per cell,點(diǎn)陣lattice, 陣點(diǎn)lattice point,點(diǎn)陣參數(shù)lattice parameter,密排六方hexagonal close-packed,六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,體心立

3、方body-centered cubic,面心立方face-centered cubic,彌勒指數(shù)Miller indices,晶面crystal plane,晶系crystal system,晶向crystal direction,相變機(jī)理Phase transformation mechanism:成核生長相變nucleationgrowth transition,斯賓那多分解spinodal decomposition,有序無序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-order transition,馬氏體相變martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation,成

4、核機(jī)理nucleation mechanism,成核勢壘nucleation barrier,晶核，結(jié)晶中心nucleus of crystal,金屬組織的）基體quay,基體，基塊，基質(zhì)，結(jié)合劑matrix,子晶，雛晶matted crystal,耔晶，晶種seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生長seeded growth,均質(zhì)核化homogeneous nucleation,異質(zhì)核化heterogeneous nucleation,均勻化熱處理homogenization heat treatment,熟料grog,自恰場self-consistent

5、field固溶體Solid solution:有序固溶體ordered solid solution,無序固溶體disordered solid solution,有序合金ordered alloy,無序合金disordered alloy.無序點(diǎn)陣disordered lattice,分散，擴(kuò)散，彌散dispersal,分散劑dispersant,分散劑，添加劑dispersant additive,分散劑， 彌散劑dispersant agent缺陷defect, imperfection,點(diǎn)缺陷point defect,線缺陷 line defect, dislocation,面缺陷in

6、terface defect, surface defect,體缺陷volume defect,位錯(cuò)排列dislocation arrangement,位錯(cuò)陣列dislocation array,位錯(cuò)氣團(tuán)dislocation atmosphere,位錯(cuò)軸dislocation axis,位錯(cuò)胞dislocation cell,位錯(cuò)爬移dislocation climb,位錯(cuò)滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip,位錯(cuò)聚結(jié)dislocation coalescence,位錯(cuò)核心能量dislocation core energy,位錯(cuò)裂紋

7、dislocation crack,位錯(cuò)阻尼dislocation damping,位錯(cuò)密度dislocation density,體積膨脹volume dilation,體積收縮volume shrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的，軟化的softened,軟化退火，軟化（處理）softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenching hardening,正火normalizing, normalization,退火織構(gòu)annealing texture,人工時(shí)效artificial aging,細(xì)長比aspect ratio,形變熱處理aus

8、forming,等溫退火austempering,奧氏體austenite,奧氏體化austenitizing,貝氏體bainite,馬氏體martensite,馬氏體淬火marquench,馬氏體退火martemper,馬氏體時(shí)效鋼maraging steel,滲碳體cementite,固溶強(qiáng)化solid solution strengthening,鋼屑混凝土steel chips concrete,水玻璃，硅酸鈉sodium silicate,水玻璃粘結(jié)劑sodium silicate binder,硅酸鈉類防水劑sodium silicate waterproofing agent,擴(kuò)

9、散diffusion,擴(kuò)散系數(shù)diffusivity,相變phase transition,燒結(jié)sintering,固相反應(yīng)solid-phase reaction,相圖與相結(jié)構(gòu)phase diagrams and phase structures ,相phase,組分component,自由度freedom,相平衡phase equilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule,吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy,吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing,吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy,吉布斯函數(shù)Gibbs function,相平衡phase b

10、alance,相界phase boundary,相界線 phase boundary line,相界交聯(lián) phase boundary crosslinking,相界有限交聯(lián)phase boundary crosslinking,相界反應(yīng)phase boundary reaction,相變phase change,相組成phase composition,共格相 phase-coherent,金相相組織 phase constentuent,相襯phase contrast,相襯顯微鏡phase contrast microscope,相襯顯微術(shù)phase contrast microscop

11、y,相分布phase distribution,相平衡常數(shù)phase equilibrium constant,相平衡圖phase equilibrium diagram,相變滯后phase transition lag, Al-Si-O-N系統(tǒng)相關(guān)系phase relationships in the Al-Si-O-N system,相分離phase segregation, phase separation,玻璃分相phase separation in glasses,相序phase order, phase sequence,相穩(wěn)定性phase stability,相態(tài)phase s

12、tate,相穩(wěn)定區(qū)phase stabile range,相變溫度phase transition temperature,相變壓力phase transition pressure,同質(zhì)多晶轉(zhuǎn)變polymorphic transformation,相平衡條件phase equilibrium conditions,顯微結(jié)構(gòu)microstructures,不混溶固溶體immiscible solid solution,轉(zhuǎn)熔型固溶體peritectic solid solution,低共熔體eutectoid，crystallization,不混溶性immiscibility,固態(tài)反應(yīng)solid

13、 state reaction,燒結(jié)sintering,相變機(jī)理Phase transformation mechanism:成核生長相變nucleationgrowth transition,斯賓那多分解spinodal decomposition,有序無序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-order transition,馬氏體相變martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation,成核機(jī)理nucleation mechanism,成核勢壘nucleation barrier,晶核，結(jié)晶中心nucleus of crystal,（金屬組織的）基體quay,基體

14、，基塊，基質(zhì)，結(jié)合劑matrix,子晶，雛晶matted crystal,耔晶，晶種seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生長seeded growth,均質(zhì)核化homogeneous nucleation,異質(zhì)核化heterogeneous nucleation,均勻化熱處理homogenization heat treatment,XRD X-ray Diffraction X射線衍射XPSX射線光電子能譜X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy AFM原子力顯微鏡（Atomic Force Microscope）SPM掃描力顯微鏡（Scanning Force Microscope）PFM壓電響應(yīng)力顯微鏡Piezoresponse Force Microscopy SEM掃描式電子顯微鏡（=scanning electron microscope）HRTEM高分辨透射電子顯微鏡high resolution transmission electron