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1、初中英語“句型轉換”題歸類與指導.一、陳述句與疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句間的轉換1、陳述句中肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?,大部分是用not來改變謂語結構,但也有借用否定意義的詞,如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等,例如:A:Tom does well in maths. B:Tom doesnt do well in maths.&
2、#160;A:He has much to do. B:He has nothing to do.A:All of my classmates like art. B:None of my classmates likes art.2、改為疑問句。根據上下句的結構和詞的減少,來判斷變?yōu)槟囊环N形式的疑問句。例如:1 .A:My&
3、#160;brother often has breakfast at school.B: Does your brother often have breakfast at school? 2 .A:Tom is always weak in English. B:Tom is always weak in Eng
4、lish, isnt he ?3 .A:The red light changes every two minutes. B:How often does the red light change?3、改為感嘆句。根據所給的句子結構和單詞的詞性,來確定使用哪一種感嘆句的形式,例如:1.A:This is an interesting book.
5、60; B:What an interesting book this is! 或 How interesting this book is!二、同義句轉換。1、同義詞或詞組之間的轉換。(通常上下句時態(tài)保持一致)。常見的同義詞或詞組有:(1)四個“花費”(spendtakecosttake);(2)三個“到達”(get toreacharrive in/at);(3)四個“收到來信”(hear fr
6、omget a letter fromreceive a letter fromhave a letter from);(4)兩個“擅長于”(be good at do well in);(5)兩個“有空”(be freehave time);(6)三個“入睡”(go to sleepget to sleepfall asleep);(7)兩個“玩得開心”(enjoy ones
7、elfhave a good time);(8)“給打電話”(call sbtelephone sbring sb. a callmake a telephone to sb.)(9)“飛往”(fly togo toby air/plane)(10)“自學”(teach oneselflearnby oneself)(11)在方面幫助helpwithhelp (to)do(12)在差be weak
8、;indo badly in(13)能/會canbe able to(14)更喜歡likebetter thanpreferto(15)充滿了be full ofbe filled with(16)放棄干give up doingstop doing(17)不再 no longernot any longer(18)照顧/保管 take care oflook after(19)展覽 o
9、n showon display(20)阻止干stopfrom doingkeep/preventfrom doing(21)由于 thanks tobecause of(22)舉手hands upput up ones hands(23)最后,終于at lastin the end(24)與不同 be different frombe not the same as(25)從借入
10、60;borrowfromlendto(26)乘公汽/火車/的士 go toby bus/train/taxitake a bus /train/taxi to(27)乘自行車去 go toby bikeride a bike to(28)為感到自豪 be proud ofbe the pride of(29)步行去 walk togo toon foot
11、(30)獨自地by oneself alone等。例如: A:The children had a good time in the park. B:The children enjoyed themselves in the park. 2、同義句型之間的轉化。常見的同義句型有It seems that 從句Somebody se
12、ems(to be)+adj/n Its kind of sb. to doSomebody is kind to do What doesmean?What do you mean by? 或Whats the meaning of?There is something wrong withSomething is
13、;wrong with notuntil.when/after/before.換 Whats wrong with?Whats the matter with? How is?Whatslike?How do you like?What do you think of? Its time thatIts time for sb. to doIts
14、 said thatPeople say thatCan I help you? What can I do for you?例如:A:I went to bed after I finished my homework. B:I didnt go to bed until I fin
15、ished my homework.3、if引導的條件狀語從句的轉化。例如: A:If it doesnt rain tomorrow, theyll go to the park. B:Unless it rains tomorrow, theyll go to the park. A:If you dont
16、hurry, youll be late. B:Hurry up, or youll be late. A:Fish cant live if there is no water. B:Fish cant live without water.4、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中的一句多譯
17、。在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中,結束性動詞不能與時間段連用,必須改成相應的延續(xù)性動詞。常見的動詞轉換有:buyhave, borrowkeep, diebe dead, openbe open, joinbe in+組織/be a +成員, beginbe on, leavebe away from, closebe closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go t
18、obe in/at, finishbe over, go to sleepbe asleep,get upbe up.例如:The old man died five months ago.The old man has been dead since five months ago.The old man has b
19、een dead for five months.Its five months since the old man died.Five months has passed since the old man died.5、簡單句與復合句之間的轉換。 含賓語從句的復合句與簡單句的轉換。例如:1.A:I saw they were playing f
20、ootball on the playground. B:I saw them playing football on the playground.2. A:The teacher found that she was very clever. B:The teacher found
21、;her very clever.3. A:He found that it was hard to learn English well. B:He found it hard to learn English well.4. A:We are sure that we will win
22、160;to first match. B:We are sure to win to first match. 由疑問代詞/副詞引導的賓語從句可轉化為“疑問句+不定式”結構。例如:1. A:Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
23、0; B:Could you tell me how to get to the railway station?2. A:We dont know what we should do next.B:We dont know what to do next. 由when/after/before/while/since/until引導的時
24、間狀語從句可轉化為when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing例如: A:They went home after they finished their work. B:The went home after finishing their work.A:Mr Smith has ta
25、ught English since he came to China.B:Mr Smith has taught English since coming to China.When sb. +be+數(shù)詞+years oldat the age of+歲數(shù)A:When he was twelve years old, Edison
26、60;started writing his own newspaper. B:At the age of twelve, Edison started writing his own newspaper. 由sothat引導的結果狀語從句可轉化為tooto do或enough to do例如:1.A:The box is so heavy that
27、0;I cant carry it. B:The box is too heavy for me to carry. 或:The box isnt light enought for me to carry.2.A:The child is so old that he can
28、 go to school. B:The child is old enough to go to school.由so that 引導的目的狀語從句可轉化為in order to do例如: A:My father got up early this morning so that he
29、160;could catch the early bus. B:My father got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus. 由because 引導的原因狀語從句可轉化為because of例如:A:We didnt go to the
30、 park because it rained. B:We didnt go to the park because of the rain.定語從句可以轉化為介詞短語或分詞短語。例如:1.A:The man who is on the bike is Jim. B:The man
31、60;on the bike is Jim.2.A:The man who is driving the red car is my boss. B:The man driving the red car is my boss.3. A:The girl who is called&
32、#160;Mary is my sister. B:The girl called Mary is my sister. 6、用并列連詞neithernor;eitheror;bothand;not onlybut also連句。例如: A:I havent seen a TV play for long, and Lily
33、0;hasnt either. B:Neither I nor Lily has seen a TV play for long. A:Tom is good at maths, and he is good at French, too.
34、B:Tom is good at both maths and French. neithernor, eitheror和not onlybut also連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞依靠近它的主語而定,即“就近原則”,但是bothand用來連接兩個主語時,謂語復數(shù)。7、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的互變?!爸鲃印弊儭氨粍印睂嵭小叭兌蛔儭痹瓌t?!叭儭奔词侵髡Z,謂語和賓語的變化,“二不變”即時態(tài)不變,句式不變。例如:1.A:They make watches in the town. B:Watches are made by them in the town.2
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