CounselingPsychology(咨詢心理學(xué))

1、CounselingPsychology(咨詢心理學(xué))ThefirstsectionisanoverviewUnit1abriefhistoryandcurrentsituationofCounselingPsychologyI.abriefhistoryofCounselingPsychology(I)origin(two)developmentTwo,thestatusquoandProspectofpsychologicalcounselinginChina(1)thepresentsituationofpsychologicalcounselinginChinaandthesignif

2、icanceofissuingthenationalprofessionalstandardsforCounselors(two)outlookThebasicconceptofsecondunitpsychologicalconsultationI.definitionsofpsychologicalcounseling(1)differentinterpretationsofthesamefact(two)thedefinitionofpsychologicalconsultation:(memorizing)Psychologicalcounselingistheprocessofpsy

3、chologicalcounselorstohelpthosewhoseekhelptosolveallkindsofpsychologicalproblems.Inthefieldofscience,todefinesomething,accordingtoprinciple,shouldbethemostabstractlanguagetosaytheessenceofthething(understanding)Two,aboutpsychotherapyThedefinitionofpsychologicaltherapy:psychotherapyis(memorizing)proc

4、essforpsychotherapistpsychologyandbehaviorofthepatientsproblemThesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenpsychologicalcounselingandpsychotherapyEmphasizetheessenceofpsychologicalcounselingandtreatmentandthecorrectunderstandingoftheso-calledacquaintance,whichaimstoenablethecounselorsinclinicalpracticedonotc

5、onfusethetwo,inthealternateuseoftwomeasures,therolecanconsciouslyshift,soastoavoidthewrongroleconfusion.(Applied)SeveraltheoreticalviewsinthethirdelementhistoryI.psychoanalyticperspectives:1, Freudslife2, Freuddoctrineanditsinfluence.Thegeneralmeaning(understanding)andclinicalsignificanceofpsychoana

6、lysis.AccordingtoasummaryofpsychoanalystRapoport(Rapaport),psychoanalysiscanbebroadlydividedintofiveperspectives:partitionedperspectives,structuralperspectives,powerperspectives,developmentalperspectives,andadaptiveperspectives.(memory)Partitionedviews;(comprehended)Astructuralpointofview;(comprehen

7、d)Powerpointofview;(comprehend)Developviews;(comprehend)Adaptiveview.(comprehend)3, thelimitationsandimplicationsofPsychoanalysisTwo,behaviorismtheoryview:Behavioristtheoryisverydifferentfrompsychoanalytictheory.Inmethodology,itputsforwardthebrainmechanismofbehavioronthebasisofrigorousandlargeamount

8、ofscientificexperimentresults,andthenexplainstheabnormalbehavioraccordingtothis,andfinallyputsforwardthecorrectionmethod.Rigorousscienceisitscharacteristic.Intheattitudeofspiritualphenomena,itisbettertoavoidandnevermakesubjectiveconjectures.(comprehend)1. Oneofthebehavioristtheories,classicalconditi

9、oning(Pavlov)Pavlovisapioneerin?Behaviortheory,putforwardtheclassicalconditionedreflextheory,laidthetheoreticalbasisofBehaviorism(memory)2. Oneofthebehavioraltheories,behavioralconditionedreflex(Skinner)NewbehavioristsSkinnerwithhisoperantconditioningasthebasisfortheestablishmentofoperationofBehavio

10、rism(memory)3. Neobehaviorism,sociallearningtheory(Pandora)Pandorasnewsociallearningtheoryhasthefollowingpoints:(understanding)PeoplecanmanipulatesymbolsPeoplecanevaluatebehaviorbythemselvesOnecanregulateandcontrolonesbehaviorPandorastheoryofsociallearninganditsclinicalsignificance(understanding)Thr

11、ee,theexistentialhumanismviewExistententialhumanisticpsychologyistheriseintheUnitedStatesin1950s,itdrawsitsphilosophicalfoundationfromphenomenologyandexistentialism,advocatestartingfromthepeoplessubjectiveconsciousnessexperience,analysistheoryandspiritdecidedagainstbehaviorismenvironmentaldeterminis

12、mofunconsciousmotivation.(comprehend)Existentialhumanismhasfourcommonunderstandings:(memorizing)1, emphasizetheoverallunderstandingofhumanmotivationandpersonality.2, emphasizehumandignityandvalue,respecteachindividualsfreechoice,accordingtotheirownintention,determineitsownexistencesignificance.3, hu

13、manconsciousnesscantranscendthetraditional,realisticandculturalboundaries,thuscreatingpotentialpossibilitiesforcreativityandlimitlessdevelopment.4, thefocusofhumannatureresearchisconsciousnessexperience,Aphenomenologicalapproachshouldbefollowed.Four,cognitivepsychologyCognitivepsychologyisatrendinps

14、ychology,notaschoolofthought.(memory)Itisprovedbyexperiments,thecognitiveunderstandingofregulationofenvironmentalconditions,stimulusintensity,emotionaldevelopmentandbehaviorway,soinpsychologicalcounselingandtreatment,canbeusedtohelpthemsolvepsychologicalproblems.(comprehend)Five,thehumanisticpointof

15、view(understanding)GuoNianfengbelievesthatonlyfromthehumannature,namely,fromtheangleofhumannaturecancorrectlyexplainpeoplespsychologicalactivity,psychologicalstructure,psychologicalmotivation,personalityandpsychologicaldevelopment,pathologicalchanges,clinicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofpsychologicalprobl

16、ems.Onlybygraspinghumannaturecanweenterthepalaceofhumanspiritualworld.(memory)Humanisticpsychologyholdsthathumanbeings,asaclass,havecertainqualitativeruleswhichdistinguishthemselvesfromotheranimalcategories,andthesequalitativeandprescriptiveconstructsconstitutetheso-calledhumannature.Itincludesthebi

17、ologicalattributesofmentalandsocialattributesconstraints,withbiologicalattributesandsocialattributesofthespiritualattributeisthepremiseforthecontentofthebiologicalproperties,basedonthespiritattributesocialattributeform.Theabovethreeattributesareindispensabletopeople,andcannotbeadded,soitiscalledtheb

18、asicattributes.(memory)Theobject,taskandformofthefourthunitpsychologicalconsultationAnobject,psychologicalcounseling(memory)Themostcommonandprimaryobjectofpsychologicalcounselingisthepopulationofhealthypeopleorpsychologicalproblems.Itisdifferentfromtheveryhealthypeopleandisdifferentfromtheobjectofps

19、ychotherapyAlistofworkingobjectsofpsychologicalcounselingandpsychotherapy(understanding)Two,thetaskofpsychologicalcounseling(understanding)Three,theformofpsychologicalcounselingSecondsectionpsychologicalconsultantUnit1generalconditionsthatcounselorsshouldhaveI.Theknowledgeandskillsthatcounselorsshou

20、ldpossessAccordingtothenationaloccupationstandard,counselorsmusthavethecommonpsychology,childpsychology,socialpsychology,psychologicalcounseling,mentalhealthandpsychologicalknowledge,psychologicalmeasurement,occupationethicsandrelevantlegalandotheraspectsofthebasictheoryofknowledge,atthesametime,als

21、otorelatedskillstoreceiveformaltrainingtomasterthepsychologicalexamination,psychologicaldiagnosisandcounselingthe.Onlythetheoreticalknowledgeandpracticalabilityoffavorablecombination,inordertounderstandthepatientsdifficultyishowtoformtherootofthecontradictionsandconflictsinthere,thentalkabouttoassis

22、ttheanalysisoftheproblem,andguidethepatientoutofthedilemma,promotepersonalitydevelopment.(memory)Two,counselorsshouldhavethewayofthinking(memorizing)(to)(application)Dialecticalmaterialism:1, theviewofuniversalconnection2, tohavetheconceptofdegree:responsibility,time,emotion,goals3, thehistoricallog

23、icalrealisticview4, neutralattitudeUnitsecondcounselorsconductconditionsConductcounselorsshouldhave(memorizing)(to)(application)Requirementsfortheconductofcounselors,canbesummarizedasfollowsFirst,self-knowledgeTwo,havethevalueorientationofhelpingothersThree、senseofresponsibilityThirdunitestablishand

24、maintainnormalconsultationrelationshipFirst,thecharacteristicsoftheAdvisoryrelationship:(memory)1, psychologicalcounselingisakindofprofessionalinterpersonalrelationship2, psychologicalcounselingisakindofinterpersonalrelationshipwhichissometimeslimited3, psychologicalcounselingisarelationshipofequali

25、ty,helpingandgrowingtogetherTwo,howtoestablishagoodconsultingrelationship(understanding)?ThirdsectionpsychologicaldiagnosisUnit1OverviewApsychologicaldiagnosis(memory)Generalizedpsychologicaldiagnosisinvolvesnotonlythediagnosisofpsychologicalproblemsandpsychologicaldisordersinclinicalpsychology,buta

26、lsotheauxiliarydiagnosis,thecurativeeffectandtheprognosisevaluationofclinicalpsychiatry.Thenarrowsenseisthepsychologicaldiagnosis:qualitativedistinctionandassessmentofvariouspsychologicaldisordersspecificallyinclinicalpsychology,strictlypsychologicaldiagnosisrathernarrow.Two,thescientificdiagnosisof

27、psychological(understanding)Three,thedifferencebetweenthegoalofpsychologicaldiagnosisandtheresearchtargetofgeneralpsychologyTheobjects,tasksandmethodsofsecondunitpsychologicaldiagnosisI.objectsofpsychologicaldiagnosis(comprehension)Thereisabroadtransitionzonebetweentheabsenceofanymentaldisorderandth

28、eriskofmentalillness.Inthistransitionzone,peopleoftensufferfrompsychologicalproblemsandpsychologicaldisorders,andsomeevenreachtheedgeofmentalillness.Forthisreason,peopleneedpsychologicalcounselingorpsychotherapytobalanceorcorrectabnormalmindandbehavior.Inthehumanpopulation,thesepeopleinthetransition

29、zonearetheobjectsofpsychologicaldiagnosis.Two,psychologicaldiagnosistask(memory)(1)correctlydistinguishbetweennormalmentalactivitiesandabnormalmentalactivities;(two)findingthecauseofpsychologicaldisorder(three)classifythediagnosisofmentaldisordersThree.Methodsofpsychologicaldiagnosis(application)(I)

30、negotiationlaw(two)historicaldataanalysis(three)testandexperiment(four)productanalysismethodFour,psychologicaldiagnosticnotes(understanding)Thefourthsection,schoolpsychologicalcounselingUnit1primaryschoolpsychologicalcounselingI.ThecontentofpsychologicalcounselingforprimaryschoolstudentsCommonpsycho

31、logicalproblemsofstudents(memorizing,understanding,application)Two,theimplementationofpsychologicalcounselingforprimaryschoolstudentsGroupcounseling(comprehensionandapplication)SecondunitmiddleschoolpsychologicalconsultationI.contentofpsychologicalcounselingformiddleschoolstudentsCommonpsychologicalproblemsofmiddleschoolstudents(understanding)Two,theimplementationofpsychologicalcounselingformiddleschoolstudentsIndividualcounseling(understanding)(application)Thirdunituniversitypsyc