現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精講精華版

1、實(shí)用文檔現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)講解: 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+ 動詞的過去分詞 ”構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定式、否定式和疑問式及簡單回答形式(以動詞study 為例)：肯定式：I ( You) have studied .He(She, It)has studied文案大全We(You, They)have studied否定式 I(You) have not / haven t studied.He(She, It)has not /hasn t studied.We(You, They)have not / haven t studied.疑問式：Have I( you ) studiedYe

2、s, you (I) have ./ No, you (I) haven t.Has he (she, it) studiedYes , he(she,it) has. No, he(she, it) hasn t .Have we(you, they) studied ?Yes, you (we, they) have .No, you (we, they) haven t .：規(guī)則與不規(guī)則規(guī)則動詞的過去時(shí)構(gòu)成形式：(1) 一般情況選在動詞原形末尾加ed.(2) 結(jié)尾是不發(fā)音字母e 的動詞加d.(3) 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed.(4) 結(jié)尾是輔音字母加y

3、 的動詞，先變y 為 I, 再加 ed請用兩個(gè)單詞分別寫現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句，否定句和疑問句。I have written my postcard.I haven t written my postcard.Have you written your postcard?Yes, I have. / No,I haven t.1The room is cold 。 Who( open) the window ？2 He( go) to the cinema 。3 you ( put ) away my dictionary?4 .We(not finish) the work yet.1.1 (s

4、ee) the play. I (see) it last month with my sister.1.2 am not hungry.I just(have) my dinner.7 .Don t worry. The trainyet.A.arrived B.won t arrive C.hasn t arrived用法過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng) 完成 的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：I have opened the window.The concert has started.They have gone to Shanghai.我已經(jīng)把窗戶打開了。（窗戶是開著的）音樂會已經(jīng)開始（音樂會

5、現(xiàn)在在進(jìn)行）他們已去上海了（他們不在這里）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，如 yesterday, last year, in1980,three days ago, Just now, when I came in等 連用 。但 可以和一些不確定的時(shí)間狀語，如 already, yet , sometimes, often, before, lately,once, never, just, ever 等連用；也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，如this morning, today, this week, this year等 連用。 例如She has already come. 她已

6、經(jīng)來了。I haven t read it yet. 我還沒有讀過這個(gè)Have you ever seen each other before? 你們見過面嗎？8 . 表示 過去已經(jīng)開始、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）動作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時(shí)間狀語，如:today, these days, since ，for ，this month, now 等連用。例如:I have studied English for two years.我學(xué)英語已經(jīng)兩年了。They have lived in Beijing since 1980.他們自1 9 8 0年就一直住在北京。We ve known

7、each other since we were children. 我們從小就認(rèn) 識。英語的行為動詞大體可以分為兩大類型：一是延續(xù)性的動詞，二是 終止性動詞（ 瞬間性動詞） 。 延續(xù)性動詞是指那些 動作意義不會一下完成，而是可以延續(xù)、發(fā)展的動詞。如： work, read, write, study 等。這些動詞的完成時(shí)可以和段時(shí)間狀語連用。 終止性動詞是指那些 動作一次完成，不能延續(xù)的動詞。如：come, go, buy, die, join, begin 等。 這些動詞的肯定式不能和段時(shí)間狀語連用。在B用法中 要用延續(xù)性動詞代替終止性動詞。實(shí)用文檔She has been back fo

8、r two years.（ 正）She has come back for two years （誤）終止性動詞完成時(shí)的否定式表示一種否定狀態(tài)是可以延續(xù)的，所以其否定式可以和段時(shí)間狀語連用。如：I haven ' t seen him for ages.我好久沒見到他了。（現(xiàn)在仍沒見到他）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動詞have （has） + 動詞的過去分詞注：has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have用于其他所有人稱。規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞 變化與過去式相同，不規(guī)則變化則須單獨(dú)記憶。用法：1 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果（漢語中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過”、“了”等表達(dá)）通

9、常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just , already, before, yet, never, ever等狀語連用。例如: I have never heard of that before.H Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. I ' ve just lost my math book.2 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 ，也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀 態(tài)

10、?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用。如for、since等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。（注意：句中謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞）一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種：1、for: + 段時(shí)間for a year for two weeks for three years 過去的某時(shí)亥I , since nine since last week2、since +d般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句since you came since you gothome. I段時(shí)間.對劃線部分注意:for和since所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語都表示He has been away since last week .1提問都用How longHe has be

11、en away for one week .（ 3） have been （to） 和 have gone （to） 的區(qū)別： have / has been （to） 表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地”，說話時(shí)此人不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。 have / has gone （to） 表示某人“已經(jīng)去某地了 ”，說話時(shí)此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在這里。試比較：He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。（人已回來，可能在這兒）He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去北京了。（人已走，不在這兒）。一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動作或單

12、純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。2 ）一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。 一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, last week , ago, in1980, inOctober, just now, 等具體的時(shí)間狀語。 共同的時(shí)間狀語有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before,already, 等。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：for, since, ever, never, just, alrea

13、dy,yet, in past years 等不確定的時(shí)間狀語。I saw this film yesterday.（只說明動作發(fā)生在過去。）I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）She has returned from Paris.（她已從巴黎回來了。）She returned yesterday.（她是昨天回來的。）He has been in the League for three years.（ 在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）He joined the League three years ago.（ 三年前入團(tuán)，joined 為短暫行為。）

14、注意： 句子中如有一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday, last week, in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。例如：（錯(cuò)） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與瞬間動詞瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如可說“ He has left. ”但不能說“He has left for three years. ” 如果要表達(dá)“他已走了三年了”可用以下幾種表達(dá)法：一、用 ag

15、o, 使用一般過去時(shí)。He left here three years ago.二、用“ It is + 一段時(shí)間since 一般過去時(shí)從句”It is three years since he left here.三、用“一段時(shí)間have/ has passed + since + 一般過去時(shí)從句”以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動詞。另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部分瞬間動詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延續(xù)的動詞或者表狀態(tài)的be+名詞/形容詞或副詞/介詞短語等。1 . 直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞buy havecatch （get） a cold have a coldborrow kee

16、p come/go /become be2 .轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞join the army be a soldierjoin the Party be a Party membergo to school be a student3 .轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞die be deadfinish be overbegin be onleave be awayfall sleep be asleepclosebe closedopen be open4 . 轉(zhuǎn)換成be+ 介詞短語go to school be in schooljoin the army be in the army現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“三看

17、三用一看時(shí)間狀語。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時(shí)間的狀語， 常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果有，則只能用一般過去時(shí)。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有無疑問詞。如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某事了嗎(句首無疑問詞)，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；但進(jìn)一步詢問何時(shí)、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事時(shí)(句首有疑問詞)就要用一般過去時(shí)。如： Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have. When did you have it? At seven thirty.注意： 這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否則就

18、需要具體情況具體分析。 如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?三看句中謂語動詞是否為延續(xù)性動詞。如果表示的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動詞，并使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果是瞬間動詞，則用 一般過去時(shí)如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.( )1.You ve never seen such a wonderful film before, ?A.

19、 haven t you B. have you C. do you D. don t you() 2. I have watched the game. When you it?A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will;watch()3. Mr. Green in China since five years ago.A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live()4. His grandma for two years.A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead()5.- Where is Han Mei now? She to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone()6. you to the United Stated ? No, neve