高考考點英語狀語用法全面版

1、高考考點英語狀語用法（一）概敘定義：英語中，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分叫狀語（adverbial）。狀語 是謂語里的另一個附加成分，它附加在謂語中心語的前面，從情狀，時間，處所，方 式，條件，對象，肯定，否定，范圍和程度等方面對謂語中心進行修飾或限制。狀語的功用：狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方 式和伴隨狀況等。狀語的分類：狀語按其修飾的功能不同可分為九大類一一時間狀語，地點狀語，條件狀語，原因狀語，目的狀語，結(jié)果狀語，讓步狀語，比較狀語和方 式（伴隨）狀語。狀語的構(gòu)成：狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。狀語的位置：

2、狀語一般放在旬末，但也可放在句首或句中。如果一個中心語前面 有好幾個狀語（多層狀語），那就應(yīng)當(dāng)注意它們的語序.多層狀語的狀語個數(shù)一般比 多層定語的定語個數(shù)要少些，其語序也比多層定語的語序要靈活一些.其中副詞的 位置較為靈活，副詞是一種用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或全句的詞，說明時間，地 點，程度，方式等概念。請看下面例句：1 .副詞一般在句子中做狀語.He speaks English very well.2 .不定式在句子中可以作目的狀語。I come specially to see you.3 .介詞短語My parents often tell us about their bitter

3、 life in the past.4 .從句作狀語When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.5 .分詞作狀語Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。（現(xiàn)在分詞）Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted .（過去分詞）另外要注意英語一般狀語和句首狀語的區(qū)別，狀語在句子中有兩種位置：一種是在主語之后，謂語中心之前，這是狀語的一般位置；另一種是放在主語的前面的，這是 狀語的特殊位

4、置，這種狀語可稱"句首狀語"。（二）詳細講解（1）狀語從句的分類及其連接詞的選擇狀語從句 （Adverbial Clause）:狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句 子。狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語，它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、 定語、狀語或整個句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點、原 因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。狀語從句一般由連詞（從屬連詞） 引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于 句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。 enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時必須后置。狀語

5、從句的時態(tài)特點：一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用 “一般現(xiàn)在時”表示“一般將來時”，用“現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home.If he comes back, please let me know.狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即 考點?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下：1 .時間狀語從句常用弓 I 導(dǎo)詞： when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until.特殊弓 I 導(dǎo)詞： the m

6、inute, the moment, the second, every time, theday, the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2 .地點狀語從句 (adverbial clause of place)常用引導(dǎo)詞： where特殊弓 I 導(dǎo)詞： wherever, anywhere, everywhere.Generally, air will be h

7、eavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard.地點狀語從句一般由連接副詞 where, wherever 等引導(dǎo)，已經(jīng)形成了固定的 句型 句型1: Where+地點從句，(there ) +主句?！咀⒁狻看司湫屯ǔ?譯成“哪里哪里就”；主句在從句后面時，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時，一般都不用there。You should have put the book where you found it.Where the Communist Party of Chin

8、a goes, there the people are liberated.句型2： Anywhere/ wherever +地點從句，+主句?！咀⒁狻縜nywhere本身是個副詞，但是，?？梢砸龑?dǎo)從句，相當(dāng)于連詞，意思相似于 wherever, anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而 wherever本身就是個連詞，表示“在何處，無論何處”。Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.3 .原因狀語從句常用弓 I 導(dǎo)詞： because, since, as, for.特殊弓 I 導(dǎo)詞： seeing that,now t

9、hat, in that, considering that, giventhat.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.4 .目的狀語從句常用弓 I 導(dǎo)詞： so that, in order that.特殊弓 I 導(dǎo)詞： lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, forthe purpose that, to the end that.The teacher raised his voice o

10、n purpose that / for the purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5 .結(jié)果狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞： so that, such that,特殊弓 I 導(dǎo)詞： such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that.To such a degree was he excited that he couldn' t sleep lastnight.6 .條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless

11、.特殊弓 I 導(dǎo)詞： as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7 .讓步狀語從句常用弓 I 導(dǎo)詞： though, although, even if, even though.特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as（用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝），while （ 一般用在旬首）,no matter ，in spite of t

12、he fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever.Much as I respect him, I can ' t agree to his proposal.8 .比較狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as（同級比較）,than（不同程度的比較）.特殊引 導(dǎo)詞： the more the more ;just as ， so ；A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B.Food is to men what

13、oil is to machine.9 .方式狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞： as, as if, how.特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the way.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.10 .狀語從句的簡化狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件：主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it ;從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞?？墒÷?。When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .另外，比較狀語從

14、句經(jīng)常省略。The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).就狀語從句而言，有時為了使語言言簡意賅，常常將狀語從句進行”簡化 "。狀語從句的"簡化"現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍，而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。 因此，有必要對其進行全面、透徹的了解。狀語從句的"簡化”現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中：由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；由 when, while, as, before, a

15、fter, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；由as, as if 等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句；由as, than 等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。(1)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.(2)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時，從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形：a.連詞+形容詞Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.b.連詞+名詞Wh

16、ile (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.c.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a popsong.d.連詞+過去分詞He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.e.連詞+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.f.連詞+介詞短語She looked anxious as though (she was

17、) in trouble.注意：當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語不一致時，從句部分要么用完全形式，要么用也立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。When the meeting was over, all the people went out of themeeting-room. (=The meeting over, )(2)非謂語動詞作狀語用法作狀語用的非謂語動詞都具有副詞的特征。一般來說，三者都可以改寫 為與其意思相當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z從句。1.不定式作狀語時，可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果和條件等。(1 )表示目的。She stood up to be seen better. (= so that she could besee

18、n better. )注：如果不定式的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，則需要用for將不定式的邏輯主語引出，置于不定式之前。The hostess opened the door for the guests to come in.如果強調(diào)目的狀語，也可用 in order to be seen better, so as to be seenbetter 來代替前面例句中的to be seen better 。He left early so as not to miss the first bus.(2 )表示結(jié)果。He opened the door only to find two stra

19、ngers.(= so that hefound two strangers. )(3 )表示原因。I'm delighted to know that you have found a good job. (= as I know that you have found a good job )注：不定式表示原因時，通常與lucky, delighted, surprised 或 glad等表示喜、怒、哀、樂的形容詞連用。( 4 )表示條件。He is very hard to get on with.2. ing 分詞作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、 方式或伴隨狀況

20、，對句子中的謂語動詞加以修飾或說明。( 1 )表示時間A. -ing 分詞表示的動作與句子謂語動詞所表示的動作同時或緊接著發(fā)生時，用-ing 分詞的一般式。Climbing to the top of the tower(= When we climbed to the top ofthe tower ), we saw a beautiful view.有時為了強調(diào)時間概念，可把連詞when 或 while 放在 ing 分詞之前。When rushing out of the room, ( = Whenhe rushed out of the room )the boy was knoc

21、ked down by a car.B. ing 分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動詞所表示的動作之前時，用ing 分詞的完成式。Having done his homework, ( = After he had done his homework ) the boy went out to play with other boys.( 2 )表示原因。Having been there manytimes ( = As he had been there many times )， he offered to introduce the country.( 3 )表示條件。Not workin

22、g hard (= If you don't work hard ) , you won't pass the examination.( 4 )表示讓步。Having muchmoney（ = Thoughhe has muchmoney ） , he feels lonely.（ 5 ）表示結(jié)果。Her husband died, leaving her with five children.（= so that heleft her with five children）說明： -ing 分詞（短語）作狀語時，其前常有so, thus 等表示結(jié)果意義的詞。（ 6 ）表示伴

23、隨狀況和行為方式。He cameto myhouse, asking for help. （=and asked for help ）用 -ing 分詞（短語）作狀語時必須注意兩點：1. -ing 分詞（短語）的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語。2. 若 -ing 分詞（短語）所表示的動作與句子中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時或緊接著發(fā)生，則用-ing 分詞的一般式；若發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，則用-ing 分詞的完成式。3. -ed 分詞（過去分詞）作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步和伴隨狀況，對句子中謂語動詞加以修飾或說明。（ 1 ）表示時間。Seen from the top of the

24、 hill （= When it is seen from the top of thehill ） , our city looks very beautiful.說明： （ 1 ） 為了強調(diào)時間概念，有時可把意義相當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞放在-ed分詞短語之前，如上句可改寫成：When seen from the top of the hill, our citylooks very beautiful. （ 2 ） -ed 分詞短語的位置不一定都置于句首，有時也可置于句中或句末。The dictionary, once published, will be very popular.（ 2 ）表示原因。

25、Greatly moved by the teacher's words （ = As he was greatly moved by the teacher's words ） , the boy helped other students from then on.3 ）表示條件。Compared with your progress （= If my progress is compared with yours ） , mine is nothing.（ 4 ）表示讓步。Treated badly （= Though he was treated badly ） , t

26、he servant still worked for his owner.（ 5 ）表示伴隨狀況和行為方式。He came back, extremely exhausted. （= and he was extremely exhausted ）說明： -ed 分詞短語作伴隨狀語時，沒有狀語從句與之相對應(yīng)，但可以將這種狀語改寫成“and 分句”。總結(jié)：從意義上看，不定式短語、-ing 分詞短語和-ed 分詞短語的邏輯主語都是句子的主語。從時態(tài)、語態(tài)上看，不定式和-ing 分詞短語有一般式、完成式、主動式和被動式，而-ed 分詞短語卻只有一種形式。（ 3）形容詞作狀語英語形容詞或形容詞短語在

27、句中最常見的用法是作定語、表語、賓語補足語和主語補足語。但除此之外，英語形容詞以及形容詞短語在句中還有一個特殊用法，即作狀語，在句中往往可以起到并列分句或狀語從句的功能。形容詞作狀語用時，在結(jié)構(gòu)上可以是單個形容詞，也可以是形容詞短語，通常要用逗號將其和句子的其他部分分開；若單個形容詞直接位于動詞后面作方式狀語，則不需用逗號。作狀語的形容詞或短語在句中位置比較靈活，通常位于句子主語前或句子主語后，有時位于句末，單個形容詞作方式狀語時還可直接位于動詞后面。當(dāng)形容詞或短語位于主語之前或句末時，通常具有較強的強調(diào)意義。作狀語的形容詞或短語在句中主要用來補充說明句子中的主語、賓語、謂語或整個句子的內(nèi)容，

28、表示時間、原因、讓步、結(jié)果、伴隨狀態(tài)或方式狀語等。1 . 作時間狀語Ripe, these apples are sweet.2 . 作原因狀語Weary and discouraged, I didn t seem able to do anything right.止匕旬相當(dāng)于： Because I was weary and discouraged, I didn ' t seem abl e to do anything right.3 .作讓步狀語Large or small, all countries are equal.止匕旬相當(dāng)于： Whether they are

29、large or small, all countries are equa l.4 .作結(jié)果狀語He sat down beside Christina, propping his feet up on the railing, feeling the warmth of the sun against his face, able to relax for the first time in days.止匕旬相當(dāng)于： He sat down beside Christina, propping his feet up on t he railing, feeling the warmth

30、of the sun against his face, and as a r esult he was able to relax for the first time in days.5 .作伴隨性狀語They started the experiment, hopeful for success.止匕旬相當(dāng)于： They started the experiment and they were hopeful for s uccess.6 .作方式狀語The horses are running wild all over the field.止匕旬相當(dāng)于： The horses are

31、 running fast all over the field as if th ey are wild.形容詞或形容詞短語在句中作狀語時，起到并列分句或狀語從句的功能，因 此，這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常具有自己的邏輯主語，即句子中的主語。然而，當(dāng)這種結(jié)構(gòu)中 含有其他的句子成分，其邏輯主語也有可能不是句子的主語，而是句子中的其他 名詞或代詞，通常是句子的賓語。止匕外，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語也可能是整個句子。(4)伴隨狀語用法伴隨狀語定義：伴隨狀語是指狀語從句的動作伴隨主句發(fā)生，它的特點是：它 所表達的動作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語動詞的動作而發(fā)生或存在的。 He sat in the armchairreadin

32、g a newspaper.他坐在扶手椅里讀報 All night long he lay awake , thinking of the problem.他整夜躺在床上睡不著，思考著那個問題。伴隨狀語出現(xiàn)的條件：是由一個主語發(fā)出兩個動作或同一個主語處于兩種狀態(tài)，或同一個主語 發(fā)出一個動作時又伴隨有某一種狀態(tài)。伴隨狀語的邏輯主語一般情況下必須 是全句的主語，伴隨狀語與謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)是同時發(fā)生的。伴隨狀語幾種表示方法：一、使用分詞形式The dog entered the room, following his master.The master entered the room,f

33、ollowed by his dog.二、用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red.三、用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day.四、用形容詞Crusoe went home, full of fear.Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard.The match will be broadcast

34、live.He left home young and came back old.五、用名詞He went away a beggar but retumed a millionaire.六、用介詞短語The girl came back to her mother in tears.I went home out of breath.伴隨狀語的判斷The dog entered the room, following his master.一般在分詞短語（現(xiàn)在分詞表主動過去表被動）前有逗號的是伴隨狀語。鞏固練習(xí)：一、多項選擇題1. - had I arrived home ,- it be

35、gan to rain.Which one is wro ng?A. No sooner thanB. Hardly-whenC. Scarcely whenD.The moment-when2. You should have put the book -you found it.A.where B.how C.when D.if3. His friends don ' t like him- he is handsome and successful.A.since B.for C.because D.as4. The teacher raised his voice-the st

36、udents in the back could hearmore clearly. Which one is wrong ?A. so thatB.for fear thatC. in order thatD.in the hope that5. -was he excited -he couldn' t sleep last night.A.such a that B. To such a degreethatC. so thatD. such that6. - there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.which one is wrong?A. providing thatB.provided thatC. as/so long asD. unless7. He won ' t listen -you may say.A. whatever B. whenever C.